Properties Of Matter Quiz

The correct answer is solid, liquid, gas. These are the three common states of matter. Solids have a definite shape and volume, liquids have a definite volume but no definite shape, and gases have no definite shape or volume. This answer accurately identifies the three states of matter based on their properties.

The fact that burns in air is categorized as a chemical reaction rather than a physical one can be explained by the changes that occur during the process. When a substance burns in air, it undergoes a chemical reaction with oxygen, leading to the formation of new substances. This reaction involves the breaking and forming of chemical bonds, resulting in the release of heat and light. In contrast, physical changes do not involve the formation of new substances or the breaking of chemical bonds. Therefore, burns in air are considered chemical reactions.

When vinegar and baking soda are mixed together, a chemical reaction occurs. The reaction produces carbon dioxide gas, which is responsible for the formation of bubbles. This indicates that a new substance is being formed, as the properties of the vinegar and baking soda have changed. Therefore, the mixing of vinegar and baking soda to generate bubbles is an example of a chemical change.

When an object tarnishes in moist air, it undergoes a chemical reaction. Tarnishing typically occurs when metals react with oxygen and moisture in the air, forming a layer of corrosion on the surface. This process is a chemical change because the composition of the metal is altered as it forms a new compound through the reaction with oxygen. It is not a physical change because there is a chemical transformation happening, rather than a change in the physical state or properties of the metal.

Matter is defined as anything that takes up space and has mass. It includes solids, liquids, and gases, all of which have mass and occupy physical space. Therefore, matter is the correct answer to this question.

The given statement "has a density of 2.3 g/mL" refers to a physical property of a substance. Density is a characteristic property of matter that describes how closely packed the molecules are in a given volume. It is a physical property because it can be measured without changing the identity or composition of the substance. Chemical properties, on the other hand, describe how a substance interacts with other substances and involve changes in composition or identity. Therefore, the correct answer is physical.

The given answer is a chemical change because it describes the process of plants using carbon dioxide and water to form oxygen and sugar. In this process, the substances are undergoing a chemical reaction, resulting in the formation of new substances with different properties. This is different from a physical change where the substances may change in form or state but their chemical composition remains the same.

When aluminum cools down and solidifies in a mold, it transitions from a liquid to a solid state. During this phase change, energy is released into the surroundings because the process of solidification involves the formation of bonds between atoms, which releases energy in the form of heat. This is an exothermic process. Therefore, when aluminum solidifies, it releases energy.

The given question describes a characteristic of an object, specifically its appearance. Shiny and silvery are physical properties because they can be observed and measured without changing the chemical composition of the object. Chemical properties, on the other hand, involve the behavior of substances in chemical reactions or their ability to undergo changes at the molecular level.

Melting ice cubes is a physical change because it involves a change in the state of matter from solid to liquid, without altering the chemical composition of the substance. The molecules in the ice cubes are rearranged and gain enough energy to overcome the forces holding them together, resulting in the formation of liquid water. This change is reversible, as the liquid water can be frozen back into ice cubes.

Melting occurs when a solid substance gains enough energy to overcome its molecular forces and turn into a liquid. In the case of chocolate, it absorbs heat from its surroundings, causing its particles to vibrate more vigorously until they break free from their fixed positions. This absorption of heat energy is necessary for the melting process, making it an endothermic process. Therefore, chocolate melting involves absorbing energy.

Changes of state refer to the physical transformation of matter from one state (solid, liquid, or gas) to another. These transformations do not involve any chemical reactions or changes in the chemical composition of the substance. Therefore, changes of state are indeed physical changes, making the statement "Changes of state are physical changes" true.

The given question "Ice melting in a drink" is classified as a physical change. This is because the change of state from solid (ice) to liquid (water) is a physical change, where the molecules rearrange themselves without any alteration in their chemical composition. In this case, the ice is still made up of water molecules, but they are transitioning from a solid state to a liquid state due to the increase in temperature.

Evaporation is a process in which a liquid changes into a gas at a temperature below its boiling point. During evaporation, the molecules of rubbing alcohol absorb energy from their surroundings, which allows them to overcome intermolecular forces and escape into the air as vapor. This absorption of heat energy is what facilitates the phase change from liquid to gas. Therefore, evaporation is an endothermic process, meaning it absorbs energy.

When solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) transitions into carbon dioxide gas, it undergoes a process called sublimation. This transition from a solid to a gas requires energy to break the intermolecular forces holding the solid together, and hence it absorbs energy from the surroundings. Therefore, the correct answer is "absorbing energy."

The density of a substance is calculated by dividing its mass by its volume. In this case, the mass of the rock is given as 454g and the volume is given as 100 cubic centimeters. Therefore, the density can be calculated as 454g/100 cubic centimeters, which is equal to 4.54 g/ml.

Water is a compound because it is made up of two different elements, hydrogen and oxygen, which are chemically bonded together. Sodium, chlorine, and iodine are all elements, not compounds, as they consist of only one type of atom.

Melting is a process where a solid changes into a liquid due to an increase in temperature. This change is purely physical because it involves a change of state without altering the chemical composition of the substance. For example, when ice melts into water, it remains H₂O throughout the process. Physical properties are those that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s chemical identity. Therefore, "melts easily" describes a physical property related to the state of matter.

When sugar is added to lemonade, it dissolves in the liquid. This process is a physical change because it does not involve any chemical reaction. The sugar molecules disperse throughout the lemonade but remain chemically unchanged as sucrose. Dissolving is a reversible process (e.g., evaporating the water can recover the sugar), and no new substance is formed. Physical changes typically involve changes in state, appearance, or mixture formation without altering the chemical structure of the components.

When steam rises from a hot cup of water, it indicates that the particles have gained enough energy to evaporate. Evaporation occurs when the particles of a liquid gain sufficient energy to break free from the surface and enter the gas phase. In this case, the heat from the hot cup of water transfers energy to the water particles, increasing their kinetic energy and allowing them to escape into the air as steam. Therefore, the correct answer is "gained enough energy to evaporate."

A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded and retain their individual properties. Air is a mixture because it consists of different gases, such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and others, which are physically combined but not chemically bonded. Each component in air retains its own chemical properties, and the mixture can be separated into its individual gases by physical methods. Therefore, air is considered a mixture, unlike elements or compounds where the substances are chemically bonded.

The assumption that particles are smaller at lower temperatures is not part of the kinetic theory. The kinetic theory states that all matter is made up of tiny particles, which are always in motion. It also states that particles move faster at higher temperatures. However, it does not make any assumptions about the size of particles changing with temperature.