Integumentary Practice Exam Part 1 - A & P Zoo 172 For Exam 1
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An example of a long bone is the __________.
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Femur
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Illium
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Spine
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Talus
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About This Quiz
This is a part one of a practice exam for the first Exam in Zoology 172 A & P for Nursing School at Miami University. This covers integumentary system and some skeletal system.
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- 2.
The skin can appear yellowish along with the sclera of the eye due to ___________.
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Jaundice
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Ingested carrots
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A really bad spray tan
Correct Answer
A. JaundiceExplanation
Jaundice is a condition characterized by a yellowish discoloration of the skin and the whites of the eyes. It occurs when there is a buildup of bilirubin in the body, which is a yellow pigment produced when red blood cells are broken down. This buildup can be caused by various factors such as liver disease, hepatitis, or blockage of the bile ducts. The yellowish appearance of the skin and sclera is a result of the excess bilirubin depositing in these tissues. Ingested carrots and a bad spray tan would not cause this yellowish discoloration.Rate this question:
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- 3.
A sunburn is an example of a _____ degree burn.
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First
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Second
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Third
Correct Answer
A. FirstExplanation
A sunburn is an example of a first-degree burn because it only affects the outer layer of the skin, known as the epidermis. First-degree burns are characterized by redness, pain, and mild inflammation, which are common symptoms of a sunburn. The damage caused by a first-degree burn is usually superficial and does not result in blistering or scarring.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Melanoma is a type of ______________.
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Skin cancer
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Touch sensor
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Pigment in the skin
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Rock band
Correct Answer
A. Skin cancerExplanation
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer. It is a malignant tumor that develops from melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing the pigment melanin. Melanoma is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of these cells, which can spread to other parts of the body if not detected and treated early. It is the most dangerous form of skin cancer and can be caused by factors such as excessive sun exposure, genetic predisposition, and weakened immune system. Early detection and regular skin checks are crucial for the successful management of melanoma.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Sebaceous glands produce an oily substance called _________.
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Serum
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Sebum
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Sirrus
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Merocrine
Correct Answer
A. SebumExplanation
Sebaceous glands produce an oily substance called sebum. Sebum is a natural oil that helps lubricate and protect the skin and hair. It is produced by the sebaceous glands and helps to keep the skin moisturized. Sebum also plays a role in protecting the skin from bacteria and other harmful substances.Rate this question:
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- 6.
The smooth muscles that pull the hair follice to an erect position are the __________.
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Tensor facaie
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Arrector pili
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Levatator scapulum
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Levator labii
Correct Answer
A. Arrector piliExplanation
The smooth muscles that pull the hair follicle to an erect position are called arrector pili. These muscles are attached to the hair follicles and contract in response to various stimuli such as cold or fear. When they contract, the hair stands on end, creating "goosebumps" or "piloerection". This response is believed to be a leftover evolutionary trait from when our ancestors had more hair and needed to appear larger or intimidate predators.Rate this question:
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- 7.
When the body's core temperature is over heated this is called_________.
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Hyperthermia
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Hyopthermia
Correct Answer
A. HyperthermiaExplanation
Hyperthermia is the correct answer because it refers to a condition where the body's core temperature is elevated beyond normal levels. This can occur due to various reasons such as exposure to extreme heat, prolonged physical activity, or certain medical conditions. Hyperthermia can lead to symptoms like excessive sweating, dizziness, nausea, and in severe cases, it can be life-threatening. It is important to take immediate measures to cool down the body and seek medical attention if hyperthermia is suspected.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The articulating surface of a long bone is coated with a layer of hyaline cartilage, called articular cartilage.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
The articulating surface of a long bone is indeed coated with a layer of hyaline cartilage, known as articular cartilage. This cartilage helps to reduce friction and absorb shock between the bones during movement, allowing for smooth and pain-free joint motion. It also provides a smooth surface for the bones to glide against each other, promoting flexibility and preventing wear and tear. Therefore, the statement "True" is correct.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The papillary layer is in the____________.
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Dermis
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Epidermis
Correct Answer
A. DermisExplanation
The papillary layer is located in the dermis. The dermis is the second layer of the skin, located beneath the epidermis. It is composed of connective tissue and contains various structures such as blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings. The papillary layer specifically refers to the upper layer of the dermis, characterized by its finger-like projections called papillae. These papillae help increase the surface area of the skin and contain capillaries that supply nutrients to the epidermis.Rate this question:
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- 10.
What is the largest organ in the human body?
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Skeleton
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Liver
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Heart
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Integument
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Large intestines
Correct Answer
A. IntegumentExplanation
The integument refers to the skin, which is the largest organ in the human body. It covers and protects the internal organs, muscles, and bones, and also helps regulate body temperature. The skin plays a vital role in preventing the entry of harmful substances and pathogens, and it also helps in the production of vitamin D. Additionally, the skin contains sensory receptors that allow us to feel touch, pain, and temperature.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The deepest layer of the epidermis is the __________.
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Stratum granulosum
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Stratum spinosum
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Stratum basale
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Stratum corneum
Correct Answer
A. Stratum basaleExplanation
The deepest layer of the epidermis is called the stratum basale. This layer is also known as the basal cell layer and is responsible for the continuous production of new cells that make up the epidermis. The cells in the stratum basale are constantly dividing and pushing older cells towards the surface of the skin, where they eventually become part of the outermost layer called the stratum corneum. The stratum basale also contains melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin that gives color to the skin.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The humerus is considered a ___________.
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Sesamoid bone
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Long bone
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Irregular bone
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Flat bone
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Short bone
Correct Answer
A. Long boneExplanation
The humerus is considered a long bone because it is longer than it is wide and has a shaft-like structure. Long bones are typically found in the appendicular skeleton and are responsible for providing support, strength, and mobility. They consist of a shaft (diaphysis) and two ends (epiphyses) and are primarily composed of compact bone with a central marrow cavity. Examples of long bones include the femur, tibia, and fibula.Rate this question:
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- 13.
The process whereby skin cells die and harden is called____________.
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Granulosum
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Carcenoma
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Keratinization
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Transformation
Correct Answer
A. KeratinizationExplanation
Keratinization is the correct answer because it refers to the process in which skin cells undergo a series of changes, including cell death and hardening, to form a tough, protective layer on the surface of the skin. This process involves the production of a protein called keratin, which gives the skin its strength and durability. The other options, granulosum, carcenoma, and transformation, do not accurately describe the process of skin cell death and hardening.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Most bones start out as cartilage and convert into bone in a process known as endochondral ossification.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
Endochondral ossification is a process in which bones develop from cartilage. During this process, cartilage gradually converts into bone. This is a common process that occurs in most bones during the development and growth stages. Therefore, the statement that most bones start out as cartilage and convert into bone through endochondral ossification is true.Rate this question:
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- 15.
The femur can be found in the _________ skeleton.
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Axial
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Appendicular
Correct Answer
A. AppendicularExplanation
The femur is the thigh bone, which is a part of the appendicular skeleton. The appendicular skeleton consists of the bones of the limbs and the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton. Therefore, the femur can be found in the appendicular skeleton.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The subcutaneous layer is also called the ____________.
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Deep layer
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Endermis
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Hypodermis
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Reticular layer
Correct Answer
A. HypodermisExplanation
The subcutaneous layer is the innermost layer of the skin, located below the dermis. It is composed of adipose tissue and connective tissue, and its main function is to insulate and protect the body. It also serves as a storage site for fat and contains blood vessels and nerves. The term "hypodermis" is commonly used to refer to this layer, as it is situated beneath the dermis.Rate this question:
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- 17.
The occipital bone is part of the _________ bones.
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Skull
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Facial
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Vertebral
Correct Answer
A. SkullExplanation
The occipital bone is located at the back of the skull, forming the base and back of the cranium. It is one of the eight cranial bones that make up the skull, along with the frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and two paired bones called the maxilla and mandible. The occipital bone plays a crucial role in protecting the brain and supporting various structures such as the spinal cord, blood vessels, and muscles involved in head and neck movement.Rate this question:
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- 18.
At the base of the nail plate is a whitish, thickened, "half-moon shaped" area called the _______.
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Nail bed
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Nail root
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Lunula
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Cuticle
Correct Answer
A. LunulaExplanation
The correct answer is "lunula". The lunula is a whitish, thickened, "half-moon shaped" area located at the base of the nail plate. It is a visible part of the nail matrix and is responsible for producing new nail cells. The lunula is often more visible in the thumbnail compared to other nails.Rate this question:
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- 19.
When the bone is fractured by a twisting motion it is called a _______ fracture.
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Greenstick
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Spiral
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Oblique
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Avulsion
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Compound
Correct Answer
A. SpiralExplanation
A spiral fracture occurs when a bone is fractured due to a twisting motion. This type of fracture is characterized by a spiral-shaped break along the bone.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Blood cell formation is called ___________.
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Hemodialysis
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Hematopoiesis
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Hemolytic reaction
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Hematocrit
Correct Answer
A. HematopoiesisExplanation
Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell formation. It occurs in the bone marrow, where hematopoietic stem cells differentiate and mature into various types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This continuous process ensures the production of new blood cells to replace old or damaged ones, maintaining the body's blood cell count and function. Hemodialysis is a medical procedure used to filter waste products from the blood in individuals with kidney failure. Hemolytic reaction refers to the destruction of red blood cells, and hematocrit is a measure of the volume of red blood cells in the blood.Rate this question:
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- 21.
The outer layer of epidermis is the __________.
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Stratum granulosum
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Stratum basale
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Stratum corneum
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Stratum spinosum
Correct Answer
A. Stratum corneumExplanation
The outer layer of the epidermis is called the stratum corneum. This layer is composed of dead skin cells that have undergone a process called keratinization, where they become tough and waterproof. The stratum corneum acts as a protective barrier for the underlying layers of the skin, preventing water loss and protecting against external factors such as bacteria and UV radiation.Rate this question:
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- 22.
The hair shaft is made up of __________.
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Melanin
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Dead keratinocytes
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Apocrine
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Dead leukocytes
Correct Answer
A. Dead keratinocytesExplanation
The hair shaft is made up of dead keratinocytes. Keratinocytes are the main cells found in the outermost layer of the skin, known as the epidermis. These cells produce a tough protein called keratin, which forms the structural component of hair, nails, and the outer layer of the skin. As hair grows, the keratinocytes in the hair follicle are pushed up and out, becoming compacted and forming the hair shaft. Therefore, the hair shaft is composed of dead keratinocytes.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Blistering is associated with _______ degree burns.
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First
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Second
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Third
Correct Answer
A. SecondExplanation
Blistering is associated with second-degree burns.Rate this question:
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- 24.
A fracture in which the bone is actually crushed into itself is called a _________ fracture.
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Transverse
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Seat belt
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Avulsion
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Compression
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Oblique
Correct Answer
A. CompressionExplanation
A compression fracture occurs when a bone is crushed or compacted into itself, usually as a result of a high impact force or excessive pressure. This type of fracture is commonly seen in the spine, where the vertebrae collapse upon themselves. The term "compression" accurately describes the mechanism of injury and the resulting fracture pattern.Rate this question:
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- 25.
A second degree burn is classified as a full thickness burn.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
A second degree burn is not classified as a full thickness burn. A second degree burn affects both the epidermis and the dermis layers of the skin, but does not penetrate through the entire thickness of the skin. Full thickness burns, on the other hand, involve damage to all layers of the skin, including the underlying tissues. Therefore, the statement is false.Rate this question:
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- 26.
Burns that may not be painful due to sensory nerves having been destroyed are found in a _______ degree burn.
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First
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Second
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Third
Correct Answer
A. ThirdExplanation
Third degree burns are characterized by the destruction of all layers of the skin, including the sensory nerves. This means that the person may not experience pain in the affected area because the nerves responsible for transmitting pain signals have been damaged or destroyed. Therefore, burns that are not painful due to sensory nerve destruction are typically found in third degree burns.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Bones function to do many things. Which thing does bone NOT do.
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Give the body shape
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Provide mineral storage
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Perform hematopoiesis
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Make Vitamin K
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Act as levers to provide movement
Correct Answer
A. Make Vitamin KExplanation
Bones do not make Vitamin K. Vitamin K is produced by certain bacteria in the intestines and is also obtained through dietary sources.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Superficial cuts usually leave a scar.
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
Superficial cuts usually do not leave a scar. Superficial cuts only affect the top layers of the skin, which are able to regenerate and heal without leaving a permanent mark. Scarring is more common with deeper cuts that reach the dermis layer of the skin.Rate this question:
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- 29.
The _________ is the hollow chamber within the diaphysis of a long bone.
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Medullary cavity
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Trabeculae
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Osteon
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Epiphysis
Correct Answer
A. Medullary cavityExplanation
The medullary cavity is the correct answer because it refers to the hollow chamber within the diaphysis of a long bone. This cavity is filled with bone marrow and plays a crucial role in the production and storage of blood cells. The trabeculae refer to the spongy bone tissue found at the ends of long bones, while an osteon is the basic structural unit of compact bone. The epiphysis, on the other hand, is the rounded end of a long bone.Rate this question:
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- 30.
The vertebrae are considered ___________.
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Sesamoid bones
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Long bones
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Irregular bones
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Flat bones
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Short bones
Correct Answer
A. Irregular bonesExplanation
The vertebrae are considered irregular bones because they do not fit into any of the other four categories of bone classification (long bones, short bones, flat bones, and sesamoid bones). Irregular bones have complex shapes and do not have a consistent length, width, or thickness. The vertebrae are irregular bones due to their unique structure and function in the vertebral column, which provides support and protection for the spinal cord.Rate this question:
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- 31.
________ glands secrete ear wax.
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Eccrine
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Apocrine
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Sebaceous
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Sudoriferous
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Ceruminous
Correct Answer
A. CeruminousExplanation
Ceruminous glands secrete ear wax. Ear wax, also known as cerumen, is a waxy substance produced by the ceruminous glands located in the ear canal. This wax helps to protect the ear by trapping dust, debris, and bacteria, preventing them from entering the ear and causing damage or infection. The ceruminous glands are specialized sweat glands found only in the ear canal and are responsible for the production of ear wax.Rate this question:
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- 32.
The shaft of the long bone is also called the ________.
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Periosteum
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Epiphysis
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Diaphysis
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Osteon
Correct Answer
A. DiaphysisExplanation
The correct answer is "diaphysis". The diaphysis refers to the shaft of a long bone. It is the long, cylindrical, and main portion of the bone between the two ends, known as epiphyses. The diaphysis is made up of compact bone tissue and contains the medullary cavity, which houses bone marrow. The periosteum is a dense connective tissue that covers the outer surface of bones, the epiphysis refers to the ends of long bones, and an osteon is the basic structural unit of compact bone.Rate this question:
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- 33.
In childhood, Vitamin D deficiency can result in __________.
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Osteomalacia
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Rickets
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Acromegaly
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Fractures
Correct Answer
A. RicketsExplanation
Vitamin D deficiency in childhood can lead to rickets. Rickets is a condition that affects the development of bones, causing them to become weak and soft. This can result in deformities, such as bowed legs or a curved spine. Rickets is primarily caused by a lack of vitamin D, which is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the body. Without sufficient vitamin D, bones do not mineralize properly, leading to the characteristic symptoms of rickets.Rate this question:
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- 34.
The dermis is avascular?
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True
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False
Correct Answer
A. FalseExplanation
The dermis is not avascular. It is a highly vascularized layer of the skin that contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerve endings. These blood vessels supply oxygen and nutrients to the cells in the dermis and help regulate body temperature. The dermis also contains specialized structures such as hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands, which are all supplied by blood vessels. Therefore, the statement that the dermis is avascular is incorrect.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Which layer of the epidermis can only be found in thick skin which is only found on the palms of the hand and soles of the feet?
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Stratum corneum
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Stratum lucidum
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Stratum granulosum
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Stratum basale
Correct Answer
A. Stratum lucidumExplanation
The stratum lucidum is the layer of the epidermis that can only be found in thick skin, such as the palms of the hand and soles of the feet. This layer is translucent and consists of flattened, densely packed cells that are filled with a protein called eleidin. It provides extra protection to these areas of the body and helps to prevent friction and damage.Rate this question:
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- 36.
The __________ encases the entire bone except for the articular cartilage.
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Endosteum
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Periosteum
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Epiosteum
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Beginosteum
Correct Answer
A. PeriosteumExplanation
The periosteum is a dense connective tissue membrane that covers the entire surface of a bone except for the articular cartilage. It provides protection, nourishment, and assists in bone repair and growth. The periosteum also serves as an attachment point for tendons and ligaments.Rate this question:
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- 37.
_________ break down calcified matrix.
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Osteoblasts
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Osteoclasts
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Osteocytes
Correct Answer
A. OsteoclastsExplanation
Osteoclasts are cells that break down calcified matrix. They are responsible for bone resorption, which involves the breakdown of bone tissue. Osteoclasts secrete enzymes and acids that dissolve the mineralized matrix of bone, allowing for the release of calcium and other minerals. This process is essential for bone remodeling, repair, and maintenance of calcium homeostasis in the body. Osteoblasts, on the other hand, are responsible for bone formation, while osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue.Rate this question:
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- 38.
The ___________ glands project into the hair follicles.
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Eccrine
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Apocrine
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Sebaceous
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Sudoriferous
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Ceruminous
Correct Answer
A. SebaceousExplanation
Sebaceous glands are the correct answer because they are the glands that project into the hair follicles. These glands are responsible for producing and secreting sebum, an oily substance that helps to lubricate and waterproof the hair and skin. Sebaceous glands are found all over the body, except for the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.Rate this question:
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- 39.
The flat bones of the skull and ribs are ___________.
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Intramembranous bones
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Endochondral bones
Correct Answer
A. Intramembranous bonesExplanation
Intramembranous bones refer to the type of bone development where bones are formed directly from mesenchymal tissue, without the presence of a cartilage model. The flat bones of the skull and ribs are examples of intramembranous bones because they are formed through the process of intramembranous ossification. This process involves the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts, which then lay down bone matrix to form the flat bones. Endochondral bones, on the other hand, are formed from a cartilage model and are not applicable to the flat bones of the skull and ribs.Rate this question:
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- 40.
All of these are steps in bone repair EXCEPT __________.
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Formation of a hematoma at the break site
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A bandaid is formed at the break site
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Fibrocartilage and spongy bone form at the break site
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Bony callus replaces fibrocartilage
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Osteoclasts remove excess bony tissue
Correct Answer
A. A bandaid is formed at the break siteExplanation
The process of bone repair involves several steps. First, a hematoma is formed at the break site, which is a localized collection of blood. This hematoma provides a clotting framework for the subsequent steps. Next, fibrocartilage and spongy bone form at the break site to bridge the gap between the broken ends of the bone. This is followed by the formation of a bony callus, which replaces the fibrocartilage. Osteoclasts then come into play to remove excess bony tissue and remodel the bone. The formation of a bandaid at the break site is not a recognized step in bone repair.Rate this question:
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- 41.
The expanded portion at either end of a long bone is called the _________.
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Periosteum
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Epiphysis
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Diaphysis
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Osteon
Correct Answer
A. EpiphysisExplanation
The expanded portion at either end of a long bone is called the epiphysis. The epiphysis is responsible for the growth and development of the bone, as well as providing a surface for the attachment of tendons and ligaments. It contains a layer of cartilage called the articular cartilage, which helps to reduce friction and absorb shock at the joints. The epiphysis also contains red bone marrow, which is responsible for producing red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.Rate this question:
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- 42.
The structural unit of compact bone is the _________, or Haversian system.
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Endosteum
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Osteon
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Osteocyte
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Epiphysis
Correct Answer
A. OsteonExplanation
The structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon, or Haversian system. An osteon is composed of concentric layers of bone tissue called lamellae, which surround a central canal called the Haversian canal. This canal contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue. The osteocytes, or bone cells, are located within small spaces called lacunae, found between the lamellae. The osteon provides strength and support to the bone, and allows for the transportation of nutrients and waste products through the Haversian canal.Rate this question:
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- 43.
Most of the bones in the body, except for skull and rib bones, are ____________.
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Intramembranous bones.
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Endochondral bones.
Correct Answer
A. Endochondral bones.Explanation
Most of the bones in the body, except for the skull and rib bones, are endochondral bones. This means that they develop from a cartilage model, which is gradually replaced by bone tissue during the process of ossification. Endochondral bones include the long bones of the limbs, such as the femur and humerus, as well as the bones of the hands, feet, and spine. The skull bones and rib bones, on the other hand, develop through a different process called intramembranous ossification, where bone tissue forms directly from mesenchymal cells.Rate this question:
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- 44.
The bones of the skull are considered___________.
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Sesamoid bones
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Long bones
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Irregular bones
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Flat bones
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Short bones
Correct Answer
A. Flat bonesExplanation
The bones of the skull are considered flat bones because they are thin, flat, and curved in shape. Flat bones provide protection to underlying organs and have a broad surface area for muscle attachment. The skull bones, such as the frontal bone and parietal bones, fit the characteristics of flat bones as they are relatively thin and provide protection to the brain.Rate this question:
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- 45.
When the bone is fractured ACROSS its longitudinal axis (a complete fracture) it is called a _________ fracture.
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Transverse
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Oblique
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Spiral
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Compression
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Compound
Correct Answer
A. TransverseExplanation
A transverse fracture occurs when a bone is broken completely across its longitudinal axis. This means that the fracture line is perpendicular to the length of the bone. In this type of fracture, the bone is divided into two separate pieces.Rate this question:
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- 46.
When heat is lost by being carried away by sweat this is called_______.
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Radiation
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Conduction
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Convection
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Dehydration
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Evaporation
Correct Answer
A. EvaporationExplanation
When heat is lost by being carried away by sweat, this process is called evaporation. Sweat is produced by our body to cool down when it gets hot. As the sweat on our skin evaporates, it takes away heat energy from our body, resulting in a cooling effect. This is why we feel cooler when we sweat.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Trabeculae are found in cancellous bone which is also called _________.
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Compact bone
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Spongy bone
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Short bone
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Irregular bone
Correct Answer
A. Spongy boneExplanation
Trabeculae are thin, branching structures that form a lattice-like network in cancellous bone. Cancellous bone, also known as spongy bone, is characterized by its porous and sponge-like appearance. It is found at the ends of long bones, in the vertebrae, and in other locations where bone strength and flexibility are required. Unlike compact bone, which is dense and solid, cancellous bone has a higher surface area and is filled with marrow. Trabeculae in cancellous bone provide support and help distribute forces across the bone, making it an ideal answer for the given question.Rate this question:
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- 48.
The skin can appear orangish due to ___________.
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Jaundice
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Ingested carrots
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A bad spray tan
Correct Answer
A. Ingested carrotsExplanation
Ingested carrots can cause the skin to appear orangish due to a condition called carotenemia. Carrots are rich in carotenoids, such as beta-carotene, which can accumulate in the body when consumed in large amounts. These carotenoids can give a yellow or orange tint to the skin, especially in areas with a high concentration of sweat glands, such as the palms and soles of the feet. This discoloration is harmless and temporary, and it can be resolved by reducing carrot intake.Rate this question:
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- 49.
The suture that separates the parietal bones is called the ____________.
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Lambdoid suture
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Sagittal suture
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Coronal suture
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Squamous suture
Correct Answer
A. Sagittal sutureExplanation
The suture that separates the parietal bones is called the sagittal suture. The sagittal suture is a dense, fibrous joint that runs along the midline of the skull, from the front to the back. It connects the two parietal bones and helps to provide structural support and stability to the skull.Rate this question:
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