Pqg4 Part 3 Of 4

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1/51 Questions

A therapist reviews a patient’s medical chart to determine when they were last medicated. The chart indicates the patient received medication at 2300 hours. Assuming it is now 8:00 a.m., how long ago did the patient receive their medication?
- 5 hours
- 9 hours
- 15 hours
- 18 hours

About This Quiz

PQG4 Part 3 of 4 assesses knowledge in physical therapy with a focus on conditions like burns, hypoxemia, emphysema, and rheumatoid arthritis. It evaluates skills in diagnosing and planning rehabilitation strategies, essential for healthcare professionals.

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2.

A therapist identifies a bluish discoloration of the skin and nail beds of a 55 year-old male referred to physical therapy for pulmonary rehabilitation. What does this objective finding indicate?
- Hyperoxemia
- Hyperoxia
- Hypokalemia
- Hypoxemia
Correct Answer

A. Hypoxemia

Explanation

The bluish discoloration of the skin and nail beds, known as cyanosis, is a clinical sign of hypoxemia. Hypoxemia refers to low levels of oxygen in the blood, which can be caused by various respiratory or cardiovascular conditions. In this case, the 55-year-old male being referred to physical therapy for pulmonary rehabilitation may have an underlying respiratory condition that is leading to inadequate oxygenation. This objective finding suggests that the patient may require further medical evaluation and intervention to address the hypoxemia.

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3.

The reliability of goniometric measurements taken by different therapists is measured by interrater reliability. Which joint motion would you expect to have the poorest interrater reliability?
- Ankle eversion
- Elbow flexion
- Knee flexion
- Shoulder external rotation
Correct Answer

A. Ankle eversion

Explanation

Ankle eversion would be expected to have the poorest interrater reliability. This is because ankle eversion involves a complex motion that can be difficult to accurately measure and assess. Different therapists may have different techniques or interpretations when measuring ankle eversion, leading to inconsistencies in the measurements taken. In contrast, elbow flexion, knee flexion, and shoulder external rotation are relatively simpler motions that are easier to measure consistently, resulting in higher interrater reliability for these joint motions.

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4.

A therapist develops a physical therapy problem list after completing an initial evaluation on a patient diagnosed with right shoulder impingement. Which of the following entries would not typically belong in a physical therapy problem list?
- Decreased active right shoulder external rotation
- Decreased strength of the right upper trapezius and middle deltoid
- Increased pain with right shoulder active movement
- Increased stress secondary to financial problems
Correct Answer

A. Increased stress secondary to financial problems
5.

Patients often progress through a predictable series of stages after being diagnosed with a terminal illness. According to Elizabeth Kubler Ross’ Stages of Dying, what is the stage patients will first experience?
- Acceptance
- Anger
- Denial and isolation
- Depression
Correct Answer

A. Denial and isolation

Explanation

According to Elizabeth Kubler Ross' Stages of Dying, the stage that patients will first experience after being diagnosed with a terminal illness is denial and isolation. This stage is characterized by the patient's refusal to accept the reality of their diagnosis and their tendency to isolate themselves from others. It is a defense mechanism that helps them cope with the overwhelming emotions and fear associated with their illness.

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6.

A patient indicates they are currently taking medication to control high blood pressure. Which of the following classifications of drugs would be helpful in the treatment of hypertension?
- Diuretics
- Narcotics
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories
- Stimulants
Correct Answer

A. Diuretics

Explanation

Diuretics would be helpful in the treatment of hypertension because they help reduce blood pressure by promoting the excretion of excess salt and water from the body. This helps to decrease the volume of blood circulating in the blood vessels, which in turn reduces the pressure on the vessel walls. Diuretics are commonly prescribed for patients with high blood pressure to help manage and control their condition.

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7.

A therapist monitors the blood pressure of a 28 year-old male during increasing levels of physical exertion. Assuming a normal physiologic response, which of the following best describes the patient’s blood pressure response to exercise?
- Systolic pressure decreases, diastolic pressure increases
- Systolic pressure remains the same, diastolic pressure decreases
- Systolic pressure and diastolic pressure remain the same
- Systolic pressure increases, diastolic pressure remains the same
Correct Answer

A. Systolic pressure increases, diastolic pressure remains the same

Explanation

During physical exertion, the body requires more oxygen and nutrients, leading to an increase in heart rate and cardiac output. This increased demand causes the systolic pressure (the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts) to increase. However, the resistance in the blood vessels also increases, which can cause the diastolic pressure (the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest) to remain the same or even decrease slightly. Therefore, the correct answer is that the systolic pressure increases, while the diastolic pressure remains the same.

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8.

A patient sustained a deep partial thickness burn to the left forearm. A reduction in the cellular and protein constituents of hypertrophic scarring can be accomplished through
- Pressure garments
- Passing range of motion
- Surgical intervention only
- Correct positioning
Correct Answer

A. Pressure garments

Explanation

Pressure garments can help reduce the cellular and protein constituents of hypertrophic scarring. These garments apply constant pressure to the affected area, which can help flatten and soften the scar tissue. The pressure helps to improve blood flow and oxygenation to the area, promoting healing and reducing the formation of excessive scar tissue. Additionally, pressure garments can also help to protect the area from further injury or damage, allowing the skin to heal properly. Therefore, the use of pressure garments is an effective method to reduce hypertrophic scarring in burn patients.

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9.

A therapist presents the results of a research project entitle ”Effects of an Aerobic Exercise Program on Heart Rate and Blood Pressure”. The independent variable in the therapist’s study is
- Exercise program
- Exercise program and heart rate
- Exercise program and blood pressure
- Heart rate and blood pressure
Correct Answer

A. Exercise program

Explanation

In this research project, the therapist is studying the effects of an aerobic exercise program on heart rate and blood pressure. The independent variable is the exercise program because it is the variable that the therapist is manipulating or controlling. The therapist will be implementing and controlling the exercise program, while measuring its effects on heart rate and blood pressure, which are the dependent variables.

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10.

A physician suspects a stress fracture in a sixteen year-old distance runner after completing a physical examination. X-rays of the lower leg were taken, however, they failed to demonstrate any conclusive findings. Assuming the physician’s preliminary diagnosis is correct, which of the following diagnostic tests would be the most appropriate to identify the stress fracture?
- Bone scan
- Magnetic resonance imaging
- Telethermography
- Ultrasound scan
Correct Answer

A. Bone scan

Explanation

A bone scan would be the most appropriate diagnostic test to identify a stress fracture in this case. X-rays may not show conclusive findings for stress fractures, especially in the early stages. A bone scan uses a small amount of radioactive material to highlight areas of increased bone activity, which can help detect stress fractures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can also be used to diagnose stress fractures, but it may not be as sensitive as a bone scan. Telethermography and ultrasound scans are not commonly used for diagnosing stress fractures.

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11.

A therapist attempts to obtain information on the ability of noncontractile tissue to allow motion at a specific joint. What selective tissue tension test would provide the therapist with the most valuable information?
- Active range of motion
- Active assistive range of motion
- Passive range of motion
- Resisted isometrics
Correct Answer

A. Passive range of motion

Explanation

Passive range of motion would provide the therapist with the most valuable information in this scenario. Passive range of motion involves the therapist moving the joint through its full range of motion without the patient's active involvement. By performing this test, the therapist can assess the ability of noncontractile tissues (such as ligaments, joint capsules, and fascia) to allow motion at the specific joint. This can help the therapist determine if there are any restrictions or limitations in the joint's mobility, which can guide the treatment plan and interventions.

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12.

A physical therapist performs a manual muscle test on a patient with bilateral upper extremity weakness. The therapist should test the patient’s scapular adductors with the patient positioned in
- Prone
- Sidelying
- Standing
- Supine
Correct Answer

A. Prone

Explanation

In order to test the patient's scapular adductors, the therapist should position the patient in the prone position. This position allows for a better assessment of the scapular adductors as it isolates the muscles and provides a stable base for testing. It also allows the therapist to observe any compensatory movements or weaknesses that may be present.

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13.

A patient is placed on a 12 lead EKG following a suspected myocardial infarction. What EKG finding is the best indicator of an acute myocardial infarction?
- ST segment elevation
- QRS complex elevation
- P wave elevation
- T wave elevation
Correct Answer

A. ST segment elevation

Explanation

ST segment elevation is the best indicator of an acute myocardial infarction. The ST segment represents the time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization. In a normal EKG, the ST segment is usually isoelectric or slightly elevated. However, in the case of an acute myocardial infarction, there is significant ST segment elevation, indicating myocardial injury. This finding is commonly seen in the early stages of an acute myocardial infarction and can help diagnose and guide treatment for the patient.

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14.

A patient is referred to physical therapy for gait training following an extended illness. The patient has poor balance but is able to move their legs alternately. Which of the following gait patterns would be the most appropriate?
- Two point
- Three point
- Four point
- Swing through
Correct Answer

A. Four point

Explanation

The most appropriate gait pattern for a patient with poor balance but able to move their legs alternately would be the four point gait pattern. In this pattern, the patient uses a walker or crutches and moves one leg forward followed by the opposite arm, and then repeats with the other leg and arm. This gait pattern provides maximum stability and support, allowing the patient to maintain balance while walking.

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15.

A therapist performs goniometric measurements on a 38 year-old female rehabilitating from an acromioplasty. The therapist attempts to stabilize the scapula while measuring glenohumeral abduction. Failure to stabilize the scapula will lead to
- Downward rotation and elevation of the scapula
- Downward rotation and depression of the scapula
- Upward rotation and elevation of the scapula
- Upward rotation and depression of the scapula
Correct Answer

A. Upward rotation and elevation of the scapula

Explanation

Failure to stabilize the scapula while measuring glenohumeral abduction will lead to upward rotation and elevation of the scapula. This means that the scapula will move upwards and rotate in an upward direction. Stabilizing the scapula is important during this measurement because it ensures that the movement is isolated to the glenohumeral joint and not influenced by the scapula. Failure to stabilize the scapula can result in compensatory movements of the scapula, leading to incorrect measurement and potentially affecting the rehabilitation process.

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16.

A physical therapist positions a patient’s hip in the loose packed position. This position for the hip is
- 30o hip flexion, 30o abduction, 5o lateral rotation
- 60o hip flexion, 30o abduction, 15o lateral rotation
- 90o hip flexion, 15o abduction, 5o lateral rotation
- 120o hip flexion, 15o abduction and 15o lateral rotation
Correct Answer

A. 30o hip flexion, 30o abduction, 5o lateral rotation

Explanation

The correct answer is 30o hip flexion, 30o abduction, 5o lateral rotation. This position is considered the loose packed position for the hip joint. In the loose packed position, the joint surfaces are not under maximum tension, allowing for more mobility and less stress on the joint. This specific position allows for a combination of flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation, which helps to optimize joint movement and reduce discomfort for the patient.

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17.

Limitations of movement at a specific joint often occur in predictable patterns. When a limitation at a given joint falls into a predictable pattern it is often termed capsular. Which of the following patterns is considered to be a capsular pattern of the glenohumeral joint?
- Greatest limitation in flexion, followed by internal rotation
- Greatest limitation in external rotation, followed by abduction
- Greatest limitation in internal rotation, followed by abduction
- Greatest limitation in extension and external rotation
Correct Answer

A. Greatest limitation in external rotation, followed by abduction

Explanation

A capsular pattern refers to a specific pattern of limitations in movement at a joint. In the case of the glenohumeral joint, the capsular pattern is characterized by the greatest limitation in external rotation, followed by abduction. This means that when there is a limitation in movement at the glenohumeral joint, external rotation will be the most restricted motion, followed by abduction. This pattern is commonly observed in conditions such as adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder), where the joint capsule becomes thickened and tight, leading to these specific movement limitations.

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18.

A therapist employed in a nursing home routinely treats patients in excess of 70 years of age. The therapist has noted several consistent postural changes in her patients. Which of the following does not accurately describe the postural changes associated with aging?
- Shortening of the trunk flexor muscles
- Lengthening of the trunk extensor muscles
- Increase in flexion at the atlanto-occipital joint
- Increase in flexion of the cervical spine
Correct Answer

A. Increase in flexion at the atlanto-occipital joint

Explanation

As individuals age, there are several postural changes that occur. One of these changes is the shortening of the trunk flexor muscles, which can lead to a stooped posture. Another change is the lengthening of the trunk extensor muscles, which can result in a decreased ability to maintain an upright posture. Additionally, there is an increase in flexion of the cervical spine, causing a forward head posture. However, the statement that does not accurately describe the postural changes associated with aging is the increase in flexion at the atlanto-occipital joint. This joint allows for nodding movements of the head, and it does not typically experience an increase in flexion with aging.

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19.

A therapist measures a patient’s shoulder internal rotation with the patient positioned in supine with the glenohumeral joint in 90 degrees of abduction and the elbow in 90 degrees of flexion. The therapist records the patient’s shoulder internal rotation as 0-70 degrees and classifies the end-feel firm. Which portion of the joint capsule is primarily responsible for the firm end-feel?
- Anterior joint capsule
- Posterior joint capsule
- Inferior joint capsule
- Superior joint capsule
Correct Answer

A. Posterior joint capsule

Explanation

The therapist measures the patient's shoulder internal rotation with the glenohumeral joint in 90 degrees of abduction and the elbow in 90 degrees of flexion. The recorded range of motion is 0-70 degrees, indicating that the patient has limited internal rotation. The firm end-feel suggests that there is resistance and tension in the joint capsule. The posterior joint capsule is primarily responsible for limiting internal rotation in the shoulder, so it is the most likely source of the firm end-feel.

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20.

A fifteen year-old male is referred to a local orthopedic surgeon after injuring his knee in a football game. The most appropriate first step in the orthopedic surgeon’s care of this patient would be to
- Complete a physical examination
- Immobilize the injured knee
- Aspirate the knee
- Order x-rays
Correct Answer

A. Complete a physical examination

Explanation

The most appropriate first step in the orthopedic surgeon's care of this patient would be to complete a physical examination. This is because a physical examination would allow the surgeon to assess the extent of the injury, identify any signs of swelling or deformity, and evaluate the stability of the knee joint. It would also help the surgeon determine the need for further diagnostic tests such as x-rays or an MRI. Immobilizing the injured knee or aspirating the knee may be necessary depending on the findings of the physical examination, but these interventions should only be considered after a thorough assessment of the patient's condition.

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21.

A therapist attempts to auscultate over the aortic valve. Which of the following areas is the most appropriate to isolate the desired valve?
- Second left intercostal space at the sternal border
- Second right intercostal space at the right sternal border
- Fourth left intercostal space along the lower left sternal border
- Fifth left intercostal space at the midclavicular line
Correct Answer

A. Second right intercostal space at the right sternal border

Explanation

The aortic valve is best auscultated at the second right intercostal space at the right sternal border. This location corresponds to the area where the aortic valve can be heard most clearly. The other options are not accurate for auscultating the aortic valve.

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22.

A therapist employed in a large medical center reviews the chart of a 63 year-old male referred to physical therapy for pulmonary rehabilitation. The chart indicates the patient has smoked 1-2 packs of cigarettes a day since the age of 25. The admitting physician also documented that the patient’s thorax appeared to be enlarged with flaring of the costal margins and widening of the costochondral angle. What pulmonary disease does the chart most accurately describe?
- Asthma
- Bronchiectasis
- Chronic bronchitis
- Emphysema
Correct Answer

A. Emphysema

Explanation

The chart most accurately describes emphysema. Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by the destruction of the alveoli in the lungs. Smoking is a major risk factor for developing emphysema, and the patient's history of smoking 1-2 packs of cigarettes a day since the age of 25 is consistent with this. The enlarged thorax with flaring of the costal margins and widening of the costochondral angle are physical findings commonly associated with emphysema.

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23.

There are a variety of systems used to record goniometric measurements. Using the 0 to 180 system the anatomical position is used for the starting position for all movements EXCEPT
- Ankle inversion and eversion
- Forearm pronation and supination
- Shoulder flexion and extension
- Wrist flexion and extension
Correct Answer

A. Forearm pronation and supination

Explanation

The correct answer is forearm pronation and supination. In the 0 to 180 system, the anatomical position is used as the starting position for all movements except for forearm pronation and supination. Ankle inversion and eversion, shoulder flexion and extension, and wrist flexion and extension all start from the anatomical position. However, forearm pronation and supination start from a neutral position with the palm facing downwards or upwards, respectively.

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24.

A therapist palpates proximally along the second metacarpal. Which carpal bone does not articulate with the second metacarpal?
- Capitate
- Hamate
- Trapezoid
- Trapezium
Correct Answer

A. Hamate

Explanation

The therapist is palpating the second metacarpal, which is one of the bones in the hand. The question is asking which carpal bone does not articulate or connect with the second metacarpal. The correct answer is the hamate. This means that the hamate bone does not directly connect with the second metacarpal bone.

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25.

A patient with chronic arterial insufficiency may demonstrate which of the following signs?
- Edema
- Brown skin pigment
- Gangrene
- Warm skin temperature
Correct Answer

A. Gangrene

Explanation

Chronic arterial insufficiency refers to a condition where there is a decrease in blood flow to the extremities due to narrowing or blockage of the arteries. Gangrene is a severe complication of this condition and occurs when there is a lack of oxygen and nutrients reaching the tissues, leading to tissue death. Therefore, the presence of gangrene is a sign of chronic arterial insufficiency. Edema, brown skin pigment, and warm skin temperature are not typically associated with this condition.

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26.

Physical therapy aides are commonly employed in a variety of physical therapy clinics. Which statement does not accurately describe the American Physical Therapy Association’s prerequisites needed to be employed as a physical therapy aide?
- The individual must be a minimum of 18 years of age.
- The individual must be in good physical and emotional health.
- The individual must have a history of school and/or work performance
- The individual must have successfully completed a formalized program which meets the criteria established by the American Physical Therapy Association
Correct Answer

A. The individual must have successfully completed a formalized program which meets the criteria established by the American Physical Therapy Association

Explanation

The statement that does not accurately describe the American Physical Therapy Association's prerequisites is "The individual must have successfully completed a formalized program which meets the criteria established by the American Physical Therapy Association." This is because physical therapy aides do not typically require formalized education or training programs. Instead, they usually receive on-the-job training or may have a high school diploma or equivalent.

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27.

A patient reports to her physician complaining of increasing discomfort with activities of daily living. The physician orders x-rays which reveal evidence of osteoporosis with mild subchondral bone destruction. The physician refers the patient to physical therapy for instruction in a home exercise program. The physical therapy evaluation identifies the following general findings.1. absence of specific joint deformity2. limitation in joint mobility3. adjacent muscle atrophy What stage of rheumatoid arthritis best describes this patient’s condition?
- Early
- Moderate
- Severe
- Terminal
Correct Answer

A. Moderate

Explanation

The patient's condition is best described as moderate rheumatoid arthritis based on the given information. The presence of osteoporosis and mild subchondral bone destruction suggests some degree of joint damage. The absence of specific joint deformity indicates that the disease has not progressed to a severe stage. The limitation in joint mobility and adjacent muscle atrophy further support a moderate stage of rheumatoid arthritis.

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28.

A therapist palpates the proximal row of carpals on a patient diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome. Which of the following bones does not articulate with the proximal row of carpals?
- Hamate
- Radius
- Trapezium
- Ulna
Correct Answer

A. Ulna

Explanation

The ulna does not articulate with the proximal row of carpals. The proximal row of carpals consists of the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform bones. The ulna is one of the two bones in the forearm, along with the radius, and it articulates with the radius and various bones in the wrist and hand, but not with the proximal row of carpals.

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29.

A therapist views a videotape which compares and contrasts the normal gait of young children and adults. Which of the following statements is not accurate when comparing the gait of these two groups?
- Children walk with a wider base of support
- Children walk with an increased single leg support time
- Children walk with a higher cadence
- Children walk with a shorter step length
Correct Answer

A. Children walk with an increased single leg support time

Explanation

The given answer is not accurate because children actually walk with a decreased single leg support time compared to adults.

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30.

During an evaluation a male patient tells their therapist they are 160 centimeters tall and weigh 120 kilograms. The patient’s weight would most accurately be classified as
- Within normal limits
- Mildly obese
- Moderately obese
- Grossly obese
Correct Answer

A. Grossly obese

Explanation

Based on the information provided, the patient's weight of 120 kilograms is extremely high for a height of 160 centimeters. The term "grossly obese" is used to describe individuals who have a significantly higher body weight than what is considered healthy or normal. Therefore, the patient's weight would most accurately be classified as grossly obese.

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31.

A therapist completes a pulmonary function test on a patient admitted to the hospital three days ago. Assuming normal values, the patient’s residual volume should be approximately ____ percent of the patient’s total lung capacity?
- 10
- 25
- 35
- 50
Correct Answer

A. 25

Explanation

The patient's residual volume should be approximately 25% of their total lung capacity. Residual volume refers to the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a person exhales as much as possible. This volume is necessary to keep the lungs inflated and prevent collapse. Normal values indicate that the residual volume should be around 25% of the total lung capacity, which is the maximum amount of air the lungs can hold.

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32.

A therapist attempts to estimate the energy expenditure in calories for a cardiac patient performing a selected number of activities. Assuming the therapist has a metabolic equivalent value for each of the activities of daily living, what other variables are necessary to obtain an estimate of the patient’s energy expenditure?
- Patient’s height and weight
- Patient’s weight and oxygen consumption
- Patient’s stroke volume and heart rate
- Patient’s residual volume and heart rate
Correct Answer

A. Patient’s weight and oxygen consumption

Explanation

To estimate the energy expenditure of a cardiac patient, the therapist needs to consider the patient's weight and oxygen consumption. Weight is an important variable as it affects the amount of energy required for physical activities. Oxygen consumption is also crucial as it reflects the metabolic rate and energy expenditure during exercise. By combining these two variables, the therapist can obtain a more accurate estimate of the patient's energy expenditure.

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33.

A patient with degenerative joint disease is referred to physical therapy with right shoulder pain. During the initial evaluation, the therapist identifies significant muscle guarding and spasm throughout the right shoulder musculature. If the therapist elects to treat the patient using ultrasound, which patient position would be the most appropriate?
- Supine with the upper extremity slightly flexed and adducted
- Supine with the arm resting against the abdomen
- Supine with the glenohumeral joint in the loose packed position
- A position where the patient is as comfortable and as relaxed as possible
Correct Answer

A. A position where the patient is as comfortable and as relaxed as possible

Explanation

The therapist should choose a position where the patient is as comfortable and relaxed as possible when treating a patient with degenerative joint disease and right shoulder pain using ultrasound. This is because significant muscle guarding and spasm have been identified in the right shoulder musculature. By ensuring that the patient is in a comfortable and relaxed position, it can help to reduce muscle tension and promote relaxation, allowing for a more effective ultrasound treatment.

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34.

A patient is instructed by the nursing staff to increase their dietary consumption of food sources that are rich in vitamin A. Which of the following food groups would be the most appropriate to meet this goal?
- Green leaves, nuts, seafood
- Fish liver oils, butter, yellow vegetables
- Milk, cheese, liver
- Vegetable oil, wheat germ, dried yeast
Correct Answer

A. Fish liver oils, butter, yellow vegetables

Explanation

Fish liver oils, butter, and yellow vegetables are the most appropriate food sources to increase dietary consumption of vitamin A. Fish liver oils, such as cod liver oil, are one of the richest sources of vitamin A. Butter is also a good source of vitamin A. Yellow vegetables, such as carrots and sweet potatoes, are rich in beta-carotene, which the body converts into vitamin A. Therefore, consuming these food groups would help the patient meet their goal of increasing their vitamin A intake.

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35.

A therapist performs goniometric measurements at the carpometacarpal joint. If the therapist elects to measure carpometacarpal abduction, the stationary arm of the goniometer should be aligned with the
- Lateral midline of the second metacarpal
- Lateral midline of the first metacarpal
- Palmar midline of the radius
- Palmar midline of the first metacarpal
Correct Answer

A. Lateral midline of the second metacarpal

Explanation

When measuring carpometacarpal abduction, the therapist should align the stationary arm of the goniometer with the lateral midline of the second metacarpal. This is because the carpometacarpal joint is located between the first metacarpal and the second metacarpal bones. By aligning the goniometer with the lateral midline of the second metacarpal, the therapist ensures an accurate measurement of the abduction movement at this joint.

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36.

A therapist positions a patient for bronchial drainage to the anterior segments of the upper lobes. The most appropriate patient position is
- Supine with a pillow under their knees
- Supine with the head of the bed elevated 16 inches
- Supine with the foot of the bed elevated 16 inches
- Prone with the head of the bed elevated 12 inches
Correct Answer

A. Supine with a pillow under their knees

Explanation

The most appropriate patient position for bronchial drainage to the anterior segments of the upper lobes is supine with a pillow under their knees. This position helps to promote drainage by allowing the patient's chest to expand fully and facilitating the movement of mucus towards the larger airways. Placing a pillow under the knees also helps to reduce strain on the lower back and improve overall comfort for the patient. Elevating the head or foot of the bed would not specifically target the anterior segments of the upper lobes, and being in a prone position would not be ideal for drainage in this case.

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37.

A therapist orders a wheelchair for a C7 quadriplegic. What type of wheelchair would be the most appropriate for the patient?
- Electric wheelchair
- Manual wheelchair with handrim projections
- Manual wheelchair with friction surface handrims
- Manual wheelchair with standard handrims
Correct Answer

A. Manual wheelchair with standard handrims

Explanation

A C7 quadriplegic refers to an individual with a spinal cord injury at the C7 level, which typically results in some loss of function in the upper and lower extremities. A manual wheelchair would be suitable for this patient as it allows them to have control and independence in their mobility. Standard handrims are appropriate as they provide a basic grip for propulsion. Electric wheelchairs may not be necessary if the patient has sufficient upper body strength and coordination. Handrim projections or friction surface handrims may not be necessary unless the patient requires additional support or assistance in propelling the wheelchair.

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38.

Assuming normal development which of the following activities should a child first accomplish?
- Rolling from prone to supine
- Rolling from supine to prone
- Turning from side to supine
- Turning supine to side
Correct Answer

A. Turning from side to supine

Explanation

A child should first be able to turn from side to supine. This means that they are able to move from lying on their side to lying on their back. This is typically one of the earliest motor skills that infants develop, usually around 3-4 months of age. Rolling from prone to supine and rolling from supine to prone usually come later in development, around 5-6 months of age. Turning supine to side is also a later skill, typically seen around 6-7 months of age.

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39.

A therapist designs a general fitness program for a senior citizen group. Which of the following guidelines is not accurate?
- Allow participants to lower their level of participation, if desired
- Exercise intensity level should be at a level which will provide a training effect
- Exercise should be performed daily for at least 30 minutes
- Exercise activities should include a warm-up and cool-down period
Correct Answer

A. Exercise should be performed daily for at least 30 minutes

Explanation

The guideline that is not accurate is "exercise should be performed daily for at least 30 minutes." This is not accurate because for senior citizens, it is recommended to engage in moderate-intensity aerobic activity for at least 150 minutes per week or vigorous-intensity aerobic activity for at least 75 minutes per week. It is not necessary to exercise daily for 30 minutes, as it is important to allow for rest and recovery days.

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40.

Performance appraisals are often conducted on a regular basis to assess an employee’s performance in relation to the performance expectations. Which of the following statements describing a performance appraisal is not accurate?
- Employees should be aware of the performance standards after they are evaluated
- A mechanism should be in place which employees can use to dispute or comment on appraisal outcomes.
- A manager’s appraisal decisions should be audited by the organization
- Performance discrepancies should be clearly documented on appraisal forms.
Correct Answer

A. Employees should be aware of the performance standards after they are evaluated

Explanation

The statement "Employees should be aware of the performance standards after they are evaluated" is not accurate. In reality, employees should be aware of the performance standards before they are evaluated, as this allows them to understand what is expected of them and work towards meeting those expectations.

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41.

A patient rehabilitating from a fractured ankle is referred to physical therapy for gait training. The patient is in a short leg cast and is not permitted to bear weight through the involved lower extremity. What gait pattern is the most appropriate for the patient?
- Two point gait using axillary crutches
- Three point swing through using Lofstrand crutches
- Three point swing through using a walker
- Four point alternating gait using axillary crutches
Correct Answer

A. Two point gait using axillary crutches

Explanation

The most appropriate gait pattern for a patient rehabilitating from a fractured ankle who is not permitted to bear weight through the involved lower extremity is the two point gait using axillary crutches. This gait pattern involves advancing both crutches and the affected leg together, followed by advancing the unaffected leg. This allows for partial weight-bearing and provides stability and support while walking. The other options, such as three point swing through using Lofstrand crutches or a walker, or four point alternating gait using axillary crutches, may not be suitable for a patient who cannot bear weight on the affected leg.

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42.

A therapist outlines a walking program for a patient rehabilitating from a prolong illness. Which of the following recommendations would not be beneficial to the patient?
- Wear comfortable, loose fitting clothing appropriate for the present temperature and weather
- Walk at a rate designed to bring the heart to target levels
- Walk continuously; frequent stops interfere with aerobic training
- When walking up or down steep hills lean backward slightly and lengthen your stride
Correct Answer

A. When walking up or down steep hills lean backward slightly and lengthen your stride

Explanation

When walking up or down steep hills, leaning backward slightly and lengthening your stride would not be beneficial to the patient. This posture and stride length may put unnecessary strain on the patient's muscles and joints, increasing the risk of injury. It is recommended to maintain an upright posture and take shorter, controlled steps when walking on steep hills to ensure stability and reduce the risk of falls.

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43.

A physical therapy department attempts to develop a clinical education program. Which of the following criteria is the most essential to develop a successful clinical education program?
- The clinical facility’s philosophy and objectives for patient care should be identical with those of the affiliating physical therapy education program
- The clinical staff should have a strong desire to participate in the education of future therapists.
- The clinical staff should develop a specific plan to meet the objectives of individual students.
- The clinical facility should have a variety of learning experiences available during the clinical practicum
Correct Answer

A. The clinical staff should have a strong desire to participate in the education of future therapists.

Explanation

The most essential criteria for developing a successful clinical education program is the clinical staff's strong desire to participate in the education of future therapists. This is important because the staff's enthusiasm and willingness to teach and mentor students will greatly enhance the learning experience for the students. When the clinical staff is actively engaged and invested in the education of future therapists, they are more likely to provide high-quality instruction and guidance, which ultimately contributes to the success of the program.

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44.

The recent evolution in the American health care system has had a variety of effects on many traditional health care delivery centers, particularly the hospital. Which of the following has not resulted from the evolution in health care?
- A decrease in patient census
- An increase in financial constraints on investment in technology and new facilities
- A decrease in external competition for consumer business
- A decrease in external competition for consumer business
Correct Answer

A. A decrease in external competition for consumer business

Explanation

The recent evolution in the American health care system has resulted in a variety of effects on traditional health care delivery centers, particularly hospitals. However, one effect that has not resulted from this evolution is a decrease in external competition for consumer business. This means that despite the changes in the health care system, there has not been a decrease in the number of competitors vying for consumer business in the healthcare industry.

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45.

A physician completes a physical examination on a sixteen year-old male who injure his knee while playing in a soccer contest yesterday. The physician’s preliminary diagnosis is a grade II anterior cruciate ligament injury with probable meniscal involvement. Which of the following diagnostic tools would be the most appropriate in the immediate medical management of the patient?
- Bone scan
- Computerized tomography
- Magnetic resonance imaging
- X-rays
Correct Answer

A. X-rays

Explanation

X-rays would be the most appropriate diagnostic tool in the immediate medical management of the patient. X-rays can help assess the bones and detect any fractures or dislocations. In this case, the physician suspects a grade II anterior cruciate ligament injury with probable meniscal involvement, which primarily involves soft tissues rather than bones. Therefore, x-rays would be useful in ruling out any bone-related injuries and providing initial information about the extent of the injury. However, for a more detailed evaluation of soft tissues like ligaments and menisci, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) would be a more appropriate diagnostic tool.

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46.

A patient rehabilitating from a myocardial infarction completes the following activities1. walking to a chair and sitting for 30-60 minutes three times a day2. walking in the hall three times a day3. walking up and down one flight of stairsThe patient’s cardiac rehabilitation program can best be described as phase
- I
- II
- III
- IV
Correct Answer

A. I

Explanation

The patient's cardiac rehabilitation program can best be described as Phase I. Phase I of cardiac rehabilitation typically focuses on early mobilization and increasing activity levels after a myocardial infarction. The activities mentioned, such as walking to a chair, walking in the hall, and walking up and down stairs, are common exercises in Phase I. This phase aims to gradually increase the patient's exercise tolerance and improve their overall cardiovascular fitness.

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47.

A patient is admitted to the hospital after suffering a myocardial infarction. Assuming an uncomplicated medical course, how long would a patient typically stay in the hospital?
- 3-6 days
- 7-10 days
- 16-20 days
- 24-30 days
Correct Answer

A. 7-10 days

Explanation

After suffering a myocardial infarction, a patient typically stays in the hospital for 7-10 days assuming an uncomplicated medical course. This duration allows for monitoring, further evaluation, and necessary treatment to ensure the patient's recovery and stability. It provides enough time for medical professionals to assess the patient's condition, manage any complications, and provide appropriate care before considering their discharge.

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48.

A therapist completes an upper extremity goniometric evaluation on a patient with right lateral epicondylitis. The therapist concludes the patient can actively hyperextend the elbow 10 degrees and move the elbow to 145 degrees of flexion. The patient’s active right elbow range of motion should be recorded as
- 10-0-145
- –10-0-145
- 10-145
- 0-145
Correct Answer

A. –10-0-145

Explanation

The correct answer is –10-0-145. The negative sign before the 10 indicates that the patient has a deficit in elbow hyperextension, meaning they cannot fully extend their elbow. The 0 indicates that there is no deficit in elbow flexion, as the patient can fully flex their elbow to 145 degrees. Therefore, the correct recording of the patient's active right elbow range of motion is –10-0-145.

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49.

A physician instructs a therapist to begin gait training with a patient three days status post cemented total hip replacement. Assuming the patient has not had any significant problems postoperatively, which weight bearing status would be the most probable?
- Non weight bearing
- Partial weight bearing
- Weight bearing as tolerated
- Full weight bearing
Correct Answer

A. Partial weight bearing

Explanation

After a total hip replacement, it is common for patients to start with partial weight bearing. This means that the patient is allowed to put some weight on the operated leg, but not the full body weight. This is done to protect the healing hip joint and prevent any complications. As the patient progresses and shows no significant problems, they may gradually increase their weight bearing status. Therefore, partial weight bearing is the most probable weight bearing status for a patient three days post cemented total hip replacement.

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Pqg4 Part 3 Of 4

A therapist reviews a patient’s medical chart to determine when they were last medicated. The chart indicates the patient received medication at 2300 hours. Assuming it is now 8:00 a.m., how long ago did the patient receive their medication?

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The reliability of goniometric measurements taken by different therapists is measured by interrater reliability. Which joint motion would you expect to have the poorest interrater reliability?

A therapist develops a physical therapy problem list after completing an initial evaluation on a patient diagnosed with right shoulder impingement. Which of the following entries would not typically belong in a physical therapy problem list?

Patients often progress through a predictable series of stages after being diagnosed with a terminal illness. According to Elizabeth Kubler Ross’ Stages of Dying, what is the stage patients will first experience?

A patient indicates they are currently taking medication to control high blood pressure. Which of the following classifications of drugs would be helpful in the treatment of hypertension?

A therapist monitors the blood pressure of a 28 year-old male during increasing levels of physical exertion. Assuming a normal physiologic response, which of the following best describes the patient’s blood pressure response to exercise?

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A therapist presents the results of a research project entitle ”Effects of an Aerobic Exercise Program on Heart Rate and Blood Pressure”. The independent variable in the therapist’s study is

A therapist attempts to obtain information on the ability of noncontractile tissue to allow motion at a specific joint. What selective tissue tension test would provide the therapist with the most valuable information?

A physical therapist performs a manual muscle test on a patient with bilateral upper extremity weakness. The therapist should test the patient’s scapular adductors with the patient positioned in

A patient is placed on a 12 lead EKG following a suspected myocardial infarction. What EKG finding is the best indicator of an acute myocardial infarction?

A patient is referred to physical therapy for gait training following an extended illness. The patient has poor balance but is able to move their legs alternately. Which of the following gait patterns would be the most appropriate?

A therapist performs goniometric measurements on a 38 year-old female rehabilitating from an acromioplasty. The therapist attempts to stabilize the scapula while measuring glenohumeral abduction. Failure to stabilize the scapula will lead to

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Limitations of movement at a specific joint often occur in predictable patterns. When a limitation at a given joint falls into a predictable pattern it is often termed capsular. Which of the following patterns is considered to be a capsular pattern of the glenohumeral joint?

A therapist employed in a nursing home routinely treats patients in excess of 70 years of age. The therapist has noted several consistent postural changes in her patients. Which of the following does not accurately describe the postural changes associated with aging?

A fifteen year-old male is referred to a local orthopedic surgeon after injuring his knee in a football game. The most appropriate first step in the orthopedic surgeon’s care of this patient would be to

A therapist attempts to auscultate over the aortic valve. Which of the following areas is the most appropriate to isolate the desired valve?

There are a variety of systems used to record goniometric measurements. Using the 0 to 180 system the anatomical position is used for the starting position for all movements EXCEPT

A therapist palpates proximally along the second metacarpal. Which carpal bone does not articulate with the second metacarpal?

A patient with chronic arterial insufficiency may demonstrate which of the following signs?

Physical therapy aides are commonly employed in a variety of physical therapy clinics. Which statement does not accurately describe the American Physical Therapy Association’s prerequisites needed to be employed as a physical therapy aide?

A therapist palpates the proximal row of carpals on a patient diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome. Which of the following bones does not articulate with the proximal row of carpals?

A therapist views a videotape which compares and contrasts the normal gait of young children and adults. Which of the following statements is not accurate when comparing the gait of these two groups?

During an evaluation a male patient tells their therapist they are 160 centimeters tall and weigh 120 kilograms. The patient’s weight would most accurately be classified as

A therapist completes a pulmonary function test on a patient admitted to the hospital three days ago. Assuming normal values, the patient’s residual volume should be approximately ____ percent of the patient’s total lung capacity?

A patient is instructed by the nursing staff to increase their dietary consumption of food sources that are rich in vitamin A. Which of the following food groups would be the most appropriate to meet this goal?

A therapist performs goniometric measurements at the carpometacarpal joint. If the therapist elects to measure carpometacarpal abduction, the stationary arm of the goniometer should be aligned with the

A therapist positions a patient for bronchial drainage to the anterior segments of the upper lobes. The most appropriate patient position is

A therapist orders a wheelchair for a C7 quadriplegic. What type of wheelchair would be the most appropriate for the patient?

Assuming normal development which of the following activities should a child first accomplish?

A therapist designs a general fitness program for a senior citizen group. Which of the following guidelines is not accurate?

Performance appraisals are often conducted on a regular basis to assess an employee’s performance in relation to the performance expectations. Which of the following statements describing a performance appraisal is not accurate?

A patient rehabilitating from a fractured ankle is referred to physical therapy for gait training. The patient is in a short leg cast and is not permitted to bear weight through the involved lower extremity. What gait pattern is the most appropriate for the patient?

A therapist outlines a walking program for a patient rehabilitating from a prolong illness. Which of the following recommendations would not be beneficial to the patient?

A physical therapy department attempts to develop a clinical education program. Which of the following criteria is the most essential to develop a successful clinical education program?

The recent evolution in the American health care system has had a variety of effects on many traditional health care delivery centers, particularly the hospital. Which of the following has not resulted from the evolution in health care?

A patient is admitted to the hospital after suffering a myocardial infarction. Assuming an uncomplicated medical course, how long would a patient typically stay in the hospital?

A physician instructs a therapist to begin gait training with a patient three days status post cemented total hip replacement. Assuming the patient has not had any significant problems postoperatively, which weight bearing status would be the most probable?