Biology Exam - Some Basic Knowledge And Facts About Blood

Red blood cells have a biconcave structure, meaning they are concave on both sides. This unique shape allows them to have a larger surface area, which enhances their ability to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body. The biconcave shape also gives red blood cells flexibility, allowing them to squeeze through narrow capillaries and deliver oxygen to tissues efficiently.

White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, are a type of blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system. They are responsible for defending the body against infections and foreign substances. Leukocytes are produced in the bone marrow and are found in the bloodstream and lymphatic system. They can be further classified into different types, including granulocytes, which are characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. Erythrocytes, on the other hand, are red blood cells that are responsible for carrying oxygen to the body's tissues. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is leukocytes.

Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, a protein molecule that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and organs. Hemoglobin also helps transport carbon dioxide, a waste product, from the tissues back to the lungs for exhalation. It gives red blood cells their characteristic red color and is essential for the proper functioning of these cells in delivering oxygen throughout the body.

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A platelet is involved in blood clotting. Platelets are small, colorless cell fragments present in the blood. When there is an injury or damage to blood vessels, platelets become activated and form a clot to prevent excessive bleeding. They adhere to the damaged area and release chemicals that attract more platelets, forming a plug. This plug helps in stopping the bleeding and initiating the process of wound healing. Therefore, platelets play a crucial role in the clotting process and maintaining hemostasis in the body.

Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune system. They are responsible for producing antibodies, which are proteins that help to identify and neutralize harmful pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. Lymphocytes make up about 20-40% of all leukocytes, or white blood cells, in the body.

Monocytes are a type of white blood cells that play a crucial role in the immune system. They function by engulfing and destroying pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses, through a process called phagocytosis. Monocytes account for 2-8% of all leukocytes in the body. The given answer accurately describes the function of monocytes as phagocytes of pathogens, bacteria, and viruses, and also mentions their percentage in leukocytes.

Red blood cells do not have a nucleus. This is because during their development, the nucleus is expelled to create more space for hemoglobin, the protein responsible for carrying oxygen. As a result, red blood cells lack DNA and cannot divide or repair themselves. This adaptation allows them to be more flexible and efficient in their main function of transporting oxygen throughout the body.

Red blood cells are made in the bone marrow. They have a lifespan of approximately 120 days. After their lifespan, they are phagocytized in either the spleen or the liver.

Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells, are an essential part of the immune system. Their main function is to protect the body against diseases and infections. They do this by identifying and destroying harmful pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Leukocytes are responsible for initiating an immune response, which includes the production of antibodies and the activation of other immune cells. Therefore, the correct answer is "fights against diseases."

The correct answer is "all." This means that the compositions of whole blood include erythrocytes, bully coat, and plasma.

Plasma is the liquid component of blood and it contains all the mentioned components: water, proteins (regulatory proteins, globulins, albumins, fibrinogen), and other solutes (electrolytes, nutrients, respiratory gases). Therefore, the correct answer is "all".

Basophils are a type of granulocyte that are responsible for releasing histamine and heparin during an allergic reaction. They make up about 0-5% of the total leukocytes in the body. Histamine is released by basophils to cause inflammation and increase blood flow to the affected area, while heparin helps to prevent blood clotting. This response is part of the body's immune system and is aimed at defending against potential allergens or irritants.

Agranulocytes are a type of white blood cells that lack granules in their cytoplasm. There are two types of agranulocytes: lymphocytes and monocytes. Lymphocytes are responsible for immune responses, while monocytes are involved in phagocytosis and immune defense. Therefore, the correct answer is 2, indicating that there are two types of agranulocytes.

Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and exchanging it for carbon dioxide. Each hemoglobin molecule can bind to four oxygen molecules and also has the ability to bind to four carbon dioxide molecules. This allows for efficient transport and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body.

The given answer, "all," is correct because erythrocytes are indeed red blood cells, and they do have a biconcave structure that allows them to move throughout the blood vessels.

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Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that play a role in the immune response against parasitic infections. They are responsible for destroying parasitic worms. Eosinophils make up only a small percentage of the total leukocytes, typically ranging from 1-4%.

Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that are part of the body's immune system. They are granulocytes, which means they contain granules filled with enzymes and chemicals that help them fight against pathogens. Neutrophils make up 50-70% of the total leukocytes in the body. They are responsible for phagocytosis, which is the process of engulfing and destroying bacteria and other foreign substances. They are also involved in the inflammatory response, releasing histamine and heparin during allergic reactions.