Plant Growth And Development Test

Phytohormones, also known as auxins, are substances that originate at the tip of the stem and control growth elsewhere in the plant. They play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes such as cell elongation, root development, and fruit ripening. Auxins are responsible for phototropism, where plants bend towards a light source, and gravitropism, where plants grow in response to gravity. They are synthesized in the apical meristem of the stem and transported to other parts of the plant, where they regulate growth and development.

Gibberellin was first extracted from Gibberella fujikuroi or Fusarium moniliforme. These are both types of fungi that are known to produce gibberellins. Gibberellins are a group of plant hormones that play a crucial role in regulating plant growth and development. They are involved in various processes such as stem elongation, seed germination, and flowering. The extraction of gibberellins from these fungi allowed scientists to study and understand the function and effects of these hormones on plants.

Cytokinin is a hormone that plays a crucial role in promoting cell division and delaying the aging process in plants. It stimulates the growth of new cells and helps in the development of tissues and organs. Additionally, cytokinin helps in preventing senescence, which is the natural deterioration and aging of cells and tissues. By delaying senescence, cytokinin helps plants maintain their vitality and overall health.

Artificially adding ethylene gas to the atmosphere surrounding fruits can accelerate their ripening. Ethylene is a natural plant hormone that triggers various physiological processes, including fruit ripening. When ethylene gas is added to the environment, it stimulates the production of more ethylene within the fruit, which in turn speeds up the ripening process. This method is commonly used in the agriculture industry to control and synchronize the ripening of fruits, allowing for better harvesting and distribution practices.

Indole Acetic Acid is a well-known naturally occurring auxin. Auxins are plant hormones that regulate plant growth and development. Indole Acetic Acid is produced in the apical meristem of plants and plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including cell elongation, root initiation, and fruit development. It is commonly found in plant tissues and is involved in tropic responses, such as phototropism and gravitropism. Indole Acetic Acid is widely used in agriculture and horticulture for its ability to promote root formation and stimulate plant growth.

Abscissic acid is a plant hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating leaf fall and dormancy. During the autumn season, abscissic acid levels increase in plants, causing the abscission zone to form at the base of the leaf stalk. This leads to the detachment of leaves from the plant. Additionally, abscissic acid promotes dormancy in plants, allowing them to conserve energy and survive unfavorable conditions such as winter or drought. Therefore, abscissic acid controls leaf fall and dormancy in plants.

Ethylene is a plant hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating the growth and development of plants. It is known to promote flowering in many plant species, including pineapple. Ethylene can induce flowering in pineapples by stimulating the production of a flower-inducing hormone called gibberellin. This hormone triggers the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, leading to the formation of flowers. Therefore, the application of ethylene can effectively induce flowering in pineapples during the off-season when natural flowering may not occur.

Cytokinins are capable of delaying senescence. Senescence is the natural aging process of plants, where cells and tissues deteriorate over time. Cytokinins are a class of plant hormones that promote cell division and growth. They play a crucial role in regulating plant development and delaying senescence by inhibiting the breakdown of chlorophyll and promoting the production of proteins and other compounds that help maintain cell function and delay aging. Therefore, cytokinins can effectively delay senescence in plants.

Auxin is a plant hormone that plays a crucial role in cell elongation. It promotes the growth of plant cells by increasing their size and stretching them. Auxin is primarily produced in the apical meristem and then transported to other parts of the plant, where it stimulates cell elongation. It acts by loosening the cell wall, allowing the cells to expand and elongate. Therefore, auxin is responsible for the process of cell elongation in plants.

Gibberellins can overcome genetic dwarfism. Gibberellins are a group of plant hormones that promote stem elongation and overall plant growth. In the case of genetic dwarfism, where the plant has a mutation that inhibits normal growth, the application of gibberellins can help stimulate growth and overcome the dwarfism phenotype. By promoting cell division and elongation, gibberellins can help the plant reach its full growth potential, compensating for the genetic mutation causing dwarfism.