Physical Properties Of Building Materials

Brick is made of burned clay. Clay is a natural material that is formed from weathered rocks. It is then shaped into bricks and fired in a kiln at high temperatures. The heat causes the clay to harden and become durable, making it suitable for construction purposes. This process of firing the clay is commonly referred to as "burning" the clay, hence the term "burned clay" to describe bricks.

Concrete is made of a mixture of cement, water, gravel, and sand. Cement acts as a binding agent that holds the other components together. Water is added to hydrate the cement and initiate the chemical reaction that hardens the mixture. Gravel and sand provide the bulk and strength to the concrete. This combination creates a durable and versatile construction material that is commonly used in buildings, roads, and other infrastructure projects.

Brick is made of burned clay. Clay is a natural material that is formed from the weathering of rocks. It is then shaped into bricks and heated in a kiln to high temperatures, which causes the clay to harden and become durable. This process of burning the clay is what gives bricks their strength and ability to withstand pressure and weather conditions.

Plastic is made of a long chain of molecules. This refers to the polymerization process in which small molecules called monomers join together to form a long chain structure known as a polymer. This chain-like structure gives plastic its unique properties such as flexibility, durability, and the ability to be molded into different shapes.

Reinforced concrete is made of steel bars with concrete. The steel bars, also known as reinforcement, are embedded within the concrete to provide additional strength and support. The combination of steel and concrete creates a material that is highly durable and can withstand heavy loads and forces. The steel bars help to prevent cracking and provide tensile strength, while the concrete provides compressive strength.

Wood is a suitable material for various applications due to its cheap cost, lightweight nature, and moderate strength in both tension and compression. However, wood has its weaknesses, including its susceptibility to rot, swelling, and being easily combustible. Despite these weaknesses, wood remains a popular choice for construction and other purposes due to its availability and versatility.

The correct answer is High Strength Steel. This type of steel has enhanced strength and durability compared to ordinary steel. It is specifically designed to withstand high levels of stress and pressure, making it suitable for applications that require superior strength, such as in construction, automotive, and aerospace industries. High strength steel is often used in the manufacturing of heavy machinery, bridges, and buildings where structural integrity is crucial.

Aluminum is commonly used in airplane wings, boats, and skyscraper skins due to its lightweight and durable properties. It is a strong and corrosion-resistant metal, making it suitable for applications where strength and resistance to harsh environments are required. Additionally, aluminum can be easily shaped and formed, allowing for complex designs and structures. Its low density also contributes to fuel efficiency in airplanes and reduces the weight load on boats and buildings. Overall, aluminum is a versatile material that offers a combination of strength, durability, and lightweight characteristics, making it an ideal choice for these applications.

Aluminum is made of magnesium and copper. These elements are added to aluminum to improve its strength and other properties. The addition of magnesium helps in enhancing the corrosion resistance and workability of aluminum, while copper improves its strength and hardness. Therefore, aluminum with magnesium and copper is the correct answer.

Steel is the correct answer because it is one of the strongest materials used in construction. It has high strength in both compression and tension, making it suitable for supporting heavy loads. Additionally, steel is durable and resistant to corrosion, unlike other materials such as aluminum or cast iron. However, one weakness of steel is that it can rust over time, and its strength can be compromised in high temperatures. Overall, steel is a versatile and reliable material commonly used in construction due to its strength and durability.

Steel is the correct answer because it is commonly used in cables for suspension bridges. Steel is known for its strength and durability, making it an ideal material for supporting heavy loads and withstanding tension. It has a high tensile strength, which means it can resist stretching or breaking under stress. Additionally, steel is resistant to corrosion, which is important for structures exposed to outdoor elements like bridges. Its properties make steel a reliable choice for cables in suspension bridges, ensuring the safety and stability of the structure.

Plastic is a suitable material for use in tents and inflatables because it is lightweight, flexible, and waterproof. It can easily be molded into different shapes and sizes, making it ideal for creating structures that need to be portable and easy to assemble. Plastic is also durable and resistant to wear and tear, which is important for withstanding the outdoor elements. Additionally, plastic is a cost-effective option compared to other materials like aluminum, steel, or reinforced concrete, making it a popular choice for tents and inflatables.

Aluminum is a type of alloy, which means it is a mixture of two or more metals. In the case of aluminum, it is commonly mixed with other metals such as copper, zinc, or magnesium to enhance its properties and create different types of alloys with varying strengths and characteristics. These alloys are widely used in various industries due to their lightweight, corrosion resistance, and excellent strength-to-weight ratio. Therefore, the correct answer for the type of aluminum is "Alloy."

The correct answer is "High Strength Fabric" because the question asks for the type of plastic, and out of all the options given, high strength fabric is the only one that is related to plastic. The other options such as alloy, ordinary, cast iron, and high strength steel are not types of plastic. Fine grain and fine grain with high strength steel are not specific enough to be considered types of plastic. Therefore, the correct answer is high strength fabric.

Reinforced concrete is a type of concrete that is strengthened by the addition of steel reinforcement bars or mesh. The steel reinforcement provides tensile strength to the concrete, allowing it to withstand greater loads and resist cracking. Fine grain refers to the size of the concrete particles, which can affect its strength and durability. Additionally, the use of high strength steel further enhances the strength of the reinforced concrete. Therefore, the correct answer is "Fine Grain with High strength steel."

Reinforced concrete is used in bridges, dams, domes, and buildings nowadays because it combines the compressive strength of concrete with the tensile strength of steel reinforcement. This makes it an ideal material for structures that need to withstand heavy loads and have a long lifespan. The steel reinforcement provides additional strength and helps prevent cracking and failure in the concrete. Additionally, reinforced concrete is durable, fire-resistant, and can be molded into various shapes, making it a versatile choice for construction projects.

Fine grain is a type of concrete that is characterized by having a dense and uniform microstructure. It is achieved by using a fine aggregate in the concrete mix, which helps to reduce the size of the voids and increase the overall strength and durability of the concrete. Fine grain concrete is commonly used in applications where high strength and resistance to cracking are required, such as in high-rise buildings, bridges, and infrastructure projects.

Cast Iron is the correct answer because it is a specific type of iron that contains a high amount of carbon. It is known for its excellent casting properties and high wear resistance. Cast Iron is commonly used in the manufacturing of engine blocks, pipes, and cookware due to its strength and durability. It is different from other types of iron, such as high strength steel or fine grain steel, which have different compositions and properties.

The correct answer is "Ordinary." This suggests that the type of brick being referred to is a standard or common type of brick, as opposed to any specialized or specific type such as alloy, high strength fabric, fine grain, cast iron, high strength steel, or fine grain with high strength steel.

Concrete is the correct answer because it is a material that possesses the mentioned strengths and weaknesses. It is cheap, fireproof, and can be molded into any shape. It is also strong in compression, making it suitable for structural applications. However, it is prone to cracking and weak in tension, which means it may not perform well under pulling or bending forces.

Cast iron is made of iron with lots of carbon. The high carbon content gives cast iron its characteristic hardness and brittleness. The presence of carbon also lowers the melting point of iron, making it easier to cast into various shapes. Cast iron is commonly used in applications where strength and durability are required, such as in engine blocks, pipes, and cookware.

Aluminum is the correct answer because it is lightweight, doesn't rust, and is strong in both compression and tension. It is a suitable material for various applications where weight is a concern, such as in the aerospace industry. However, it can be expensive and lacks flexibility compared to other materials on the list.

Steel is made of iron with a touch of carbon. The addition of carbon to iron alters its properties, making it stronger and more durable. The amount of carbon added determines the specific type and strength of the steel.

Plastic is the correct answer because it possesses the strength of being flexible, lightweight, long-lasting, and strong in compression and tension. Additionally, plastic is a versatile material that can be molded into various shapes and sizes, making it suitable for a wide range of applications. However, its weakness lies in its cost, as plastic can be expensive compared to other materials on the list.

Brick is the correct answer because it was commonly used in the construction of early skyscrapers, tunnels, and domes. Brick is a durable and strong building material that can withstand heavy loads and provide structural stability. It was a popular choice for these types of structures due to its fire resistance, ease of construction, and availability. Additionally, brick has excellent thermal insulation properties, making it suitable for buildings in various climates.

Wood is a suitable material for use in bridges, homes, and 2-3 storey buildings because it is lightweight, readily available, and has good structural properties. Wood is also easy to work with and can be shaped into various forms and sizes. It is a renewable resource and has good insulation properties. However, wood is susceptible to rot, pests, and fire, so proper maintenance and fire protection measures need to be taken.

Reinforced concrete is the correct answer because it has several strengths that make it a suitable material for construction. It is cheap, fireproof, and can be molded into any shape. Additionally, it is strong in both compression and tension. However, one weakness of reinforced concrete is that it tends to crack as it cools and hardens.

Cast iron is the correct answer because it is known for its strength and ability to mold to any shape. It is strong in compression, which means it can withstand heavy loads and pressure. However, cast iron is weak in tension, meaning it is prone to breaking without warning when subjected to pulling or stretching forces.

Brick is a suitable material for compression because it is cheap and has high strength in compression. However, it is heavy and weak in tension, which means it may not be the best choice for structures that require resistance against pulling or stretching forces.

Concrete is a commonly used material in the construction of early arches, bridges, and domes. It is a versatile and durable material that can be molded into various shapes and sizes, making it suitable for creating complex architectural structures. Concrete is made by mixing cement, water, and aggregates such as sand and gravel, which form a solid and strong material when it hardens. Its strength and ability to withstand heavy loads make it an ideal choice for constructing large-scale structures like arches, bridges, and domes.

Cast iron is a suitable material for use in arches, bridges, cannons, and domes due to its high strength and durability. It is able to withstand heavy loads and has excellent compressive strength, making it ideal for structural applications. Cast iron also has good heat resistance, which is important for structures exposed to high temperatures. Additionally, its ability to be cast into complex shapes allows for intricate designs in architectural elements. Therefore, cast iron is a reliable and versatile material for these types of structures.