PHR 241 Exam 3 Histamines
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In the study of medicine, histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound which is involved in local immune responses. It also regulates physiological function in the gut and acts as a neurotransmitter for the brain, spinal cord and uterus.
- 1.Which of the following is/are not true regarding histamines?
- A.
They are autocoids
- B.
They are distantly acting hormones
- C.
They mediate immediate allergic reactions
- D.
They function as a neurotransmitter
- E.
They regulate gastric acid secretions
- 2.WHich of teh following cuases a release of histamine?
- A.
Type II Allergic reactions
- B.
Venoms
- C.
Toxins
- D.
Radiation
- E.
Warm temperatures
- F.
Some drugs
- G.
Mechanical injury
- 3.Histamine receptors are what type of receptors?
- A.
Ligand-gated ion channels
- B.
GPCR
- C.
Channel-linked receptors
- 4.Histamine is found is which of the following location(s)?
- A.
Vesicular granules of mast cells or basophils
- B.
Neuronal tissue in the brain
- C.
Enterochromaffin-like cells in teh fundus of the stomach
- D.
Venoms
- 5.Which of the following is/are not true regarding H1 histamine receptors?
- A.
They are found in smooth muscle
- B.
They are Gs coupled
- C.
They cause elevation in IP3, Ca2+, and diacylglycerol
- 6.Which histamine receptor-has an effect on gastric parietiel cells, cardiac muscle, and some smooth muscle-is Gs coupled-causes an elevation in cAMP
- A.
H1
- B.
H2
- C.
H3
- D.
H4
- 7.Which histamine receptor regulates the release of neurotransmitters in the brain and myenteric plexus?
- A.
H1
- B.
H2
- C.
H3
- D.
H4
- 8.Which histamine receptor is the main receptor that causes a direct decrease in blood pressure?
- A.
H1
- B.
H2
- C.
H3
- D.
H4
- 9.Edema is mediated by which histamine receptor?
- A.
H1
- B.
H2
- C.
H3
- D.
H4
- 10.Which of the followingcardiovascular effects of histamine is/are indicative of histamine release in the skin?
- A.
Decrease in BP
- B.
Headache
- C.
Edema
- D.
Heat, redness and local swelling
- E.
Urticaria or hives
- 11.The axon relfex is the direct action on ______ receptors on sensory nerve endings and/or depolariztion of efferent axons.
- A.
H1
- B.
H2
- C.
H3
- D.
H4
- 12.Histamine has clinical applications
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 13.Histamine is a majore player in human asthmas.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 14.Antagonists of histamine's actions have important clinical uses.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 15.H2 receptors mediate contraction of intestinal smooth muscle
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 16.Which of the following is/are true about physiological antagonists of histamine.
- A.
They bind to the same receptor as histamine
- B.
They are bronchoconstrictors
- C.
They are vasodilators
- D.
They are inhibitors of degranulation
- E.
None of the above are true
- 17.Physiological antagonists bind to the receptor.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 18.Antihistamines are physiological antagonists of histamine
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 19.2nd generation antihistamines blcok muscarinic receptors.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 20.First generation antihistamines possess anti-cholinergic activity.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 21.2nd generation drugs have an extended duration of actoin
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 22.Whcih of the following is/are not second generation antihistamines?
- A.
Diphenhydramine
- B.
Fexofenadine
- C.
Loratidine
- D.
Pyrilamine
- E.
Cetirizine
- F.
Promethazine
- 23.Which of the following are major pharmacological effects fo antihistamines?
- A.
Sedation
- B.
Increased and thickened secretions
- C.
Increased heart rate
- D.
Reversal of histamine-induced vasodilation
- 24.2nd generation antihistamines are more effective than 1st generation ones.
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 25.Antihistamines are an effective treatment in bronchial asthma
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 26.Which of the following is/are adverse effects of antihistamines?
- A.
Sedation
- B.
Dry mouth
- C.
Blurred vision
- D.
Urinary excretion
- E.
Increased GI motility
- 27.Antihistamines can have a paradoxical effect on children. (ie. insomnia, nervousness, tremors)
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 28.Antihistamines are good decongestants
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 29.Which of the following are effective decongestants?
- A.
Antihistamines
- B.
Phenylephrine
- C.
Pseudoephedrine
- D.
Oxymetazoline
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