Photosynthesis Warm Up 1

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose (a type of sugar) and oxygen. During this process, six molecules of carbon dioxide are combined with six molecules of water to produce one molecule of glucose and six molecules of oxygen. Therefore, the correct answer is 6, as photosynthesis produces 6 carbon sugars.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. In this process, water and carbon dioxide are required. Water is absorbed through the roots and transported to the leaves, while carbon dioxide is taken in from the atmosphere through tiny openings in the leaves called stomata. These two components, along with sunlight, are necessary for the plant to produce glucose and release oxygen as a byproduct. Therefore, carbon dioxide is an essential ingredient for photosynthesis to occur.

The ultimate original source of energy for all living things on Earth is the sun. This is because the process of photosynthesis, which occurs in plants and some bacteria, converts sunlight into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This glucose is then used by organisms as a source of energy through cellular respiration. Therefore, while glucose is an important energy source, it ultimately originates from the sun.

Chlorophyll is a pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells, and it plays a crucial role in photosynthesis. Its main function is to absorb light energy from the sun. This absorbed energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen during the process of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll molecules are able to capture light energy due to their structure, which allows them to absorb specific wavelengths of light. Therefore, the correct answer is that chlorophyll absorbs light energy.

The correct answer is "stacks of thylakoids called grana". Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that are responsible for photosynthesis. Within the chloroplasts, there are stacks of disc-shaped structures called thylakoids. These thylakoids contain chlorophyll and other pigments that capture light energy for photosynthesis. The stacks of thylakoids are called grana, and they are suspended in the fluid stroma of the chloroplasts. The grana play a crucial role in the conversion of light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis.

Respiration is the process by which living organisms convert oxygen into energy. Similarly, carbon dioxide is produced as a waste product during respiration. Therefore, the analogy between photosynthesis and respiration suggests that just as oxygen is a product of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is a product of respiration.

Photosynthetic organisms, such as plants and algae, use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen through the process of photosynthesis. These organisms serve as the primary producers, producing organic molecules that provide energy for themselves and other organisms. Other organisms, such as herbivores, consume these photosynthetic organisms, obtaining energy from the stored glucose. This energy is then transferred through the food chain as organisms are consumed by other organisms. Therefore, photosynthetic organisms and the organisms that consume them ultimately derive their energy from the sun, making it the ultimate source of energy for life on Earth.

The Calvin Cycle is a series of enzyme-assisted chemical reactions that produce a 3 carbon sugar called phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL). This process requires the input of energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) which is converted to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) during the cycle. The correct sequence of molecules listed below is 6 ATP (input energy) : 6 ADP (output energy) : 6 DPGA (product of the Calvin Cycle).

Photosystem II is a complex protein structure found in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts. It plays a crucial role in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll a, one of the primary pigments involved in capturing light energy, is present in Photosystem II. The question asks for the wavelength in nanometers, and the correct answer is 680. This suggests that chlorophyll a in Photosystem II absorbs light most efficiently at a wavelength of 680 nanometers.

Photosystem I is a complex of proteins and pigments located in the chloroplasts of plants. It is responsible for capturing light energy during photosynthesis. Chlorophyll b is one of the pigments present in Photosystem I, which absorbs light at a wavelength of around 700 nanometers. Therefore, the correct answer is 700.

Hydrogen ions (protons) cannot leave the thylakoid membrane because they are actively pumped into the thylakoid space during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. This creates a concentration gradient, with a higher concentration of protons inside the thylakoid space compared to the stroma. This gradient is essential for ATP synthesis through the enzyme ATP synthase. Therefore, it is true that hydrogen ions cannot leave the thylakoid membrane.

The correct answer is Cuticle : Epidermis : Mesophyll cells. The cuticle is the outermost layer of the leaf, which provides protection and prevents water loss. The epidermis is the layer beneath the cuticle, consisting of tightly packed cells that also help in reducing water loss. The mesophyll cells are located inside the leaf and are responsible for photosynthesis, containing chloroplasts where chlorophyll is present. Therefore, the correct order is cuticle, epidermis, and mesophyll cells, from the outside to the inside of a general plant leaf.

Chlorophyll is green because it reflects green light. When light hits chlorophyll, it absorbs certain wavelengths, such as blue and yellow, but reflects green light. This reflected green light is what we perceive as the color of chlorophyll.

During photosynthesis, plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. The process takes place in the chloroplasts, specifically in the chlorophyll-containing structures called thylakoids. The water molecules are split during a process called photolysis, releasing oxygen as a byproduct. This oxygen is then released into the atmosphere, making water the source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis.

The relationship between chloroplast and grana is that grana are the stacks of thylakoids within the chloroplast where photosynthesis takes place. Similarly, the relationship between photosystem and pigment molecules is that pigment molecules are the components of photosystems that absorb light energy during photosynthesis. Therefore, the correct analogy is photosystem: pigment molecules.