Phlebotomy State Exam Quiz - 186

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1. An open wound can be a portal of entry in an infection chain.

Explanation

An open wound can be a portal of entry in an infection chain because it provides a direct pathway for microorganisms, such as bacteria or viruses, to enter the body. When the skin is broken, it loses its protective barrier, allowing pathogens to easily infiltrate and cause an infection. This is why it is important to clean and cover open wounds properly to prevent the entry of harmful microorganisms.

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About This Quiz
Certification Quizzes & Trivia

This quiz is designed to assist individuals with passing the Phlebotomy State Exam.

2. Confirming an outpatients name and _____ provides two important identifiers for blood collection.

Explanation

Confirming an outpatients name and date of birth provides two important identifiers for blood collection. These two pieces of information are crucial in ensuring that the blood sample is correctly matched to the patient. The name helps to identify the patient, while the date of birth acts as an additional identifier to further verify their identity. This helps to prevent any mix-ups or errors in the blood collection process, ensuring the safety and accuracy of the procedure.

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3. After drawing blood from a patient, the phlebotomist should dispose of the needle by __________.

Explanation

The correct answer is depositing it in an approved "sharps container". After drawing blood from a patient, it is important for the phlebotomist to dispose of the needle safely and properly. Depositing the needle in an approved "sharps container" ensures that it is disposed of in a way that minimizes the risk of accidental needlestick injuries and contamination. This container is specifically designed to hold and safely contain used needles, preventing any potential harm to healthcare workers or waste handlers.

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4. Which of the following causes AIDS?

Explanation

HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is the correct answer because it is the virus that causes AIDS, which stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. HIV attacks the immune system, specifically the CD4 cells, and weakens the body's ability to fight off infections and diseases. Over time, if left untreated, HIV can progress to AIDS, which is the final stage of the infection. HBV (Hepatitis B Virus), CMV (Cytomegalovirus), and RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) are not known to cause AIDS.

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5. If a patient refuses treatment you should 

Explanation

If a patient refuses treatment, it is important to inform your supervisor. This is because your supervisor needs to be made aware of the situation and can provide guidance on how to handle it. They may have specific protocols or procedures in place for dealing with patients who refuse treatment. By informing your supervisor, you ensure that the appropriate steps are taken to address the situation and ensure the patient's well-being.

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6. The single, most important way to prevent the spread of infection while performing phlebotomy is by __________.

Explanation

Washing hands is the single, most important way to prevent the spread of infection while performing phlebotomy. This is because hands can easily come into contact with pathogens during the procedure, and washing them thoroughly with soap and water helps to remove these pathogens and prevent their transmission to the phlebotomist or other patients. Wearing a mask may provide some protection, but it is not as effective as washing hands. Cleaning spills and burning waste are also important infection control measures, but they are not the most crucial in preventing the spread of infection during phlebotomy.

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7. A tube adapter that has been visibly contaminated with blood should be disposed of in __________.

Explanation

A tube adapter that has been visibly contaminated with blood should be disposed of in a biohazardous waste container because blood is considered a biohazard and can potentially contain infectious agents. Disposing of the contaminated adapter in a biohazardous waste container ensures that it is properly contained and prevents any potential spread of infection or contamination to others.

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8. Latex sensitivity is an allergic reaction. 

Explanation

Latex sensitivity refers to an allergic reaction caused by latex, a natural rubber. This allergic reaction can occur when a person comes into contact with latex products such as gloves, balloons, or condoms. Symptoms of latex sensitivity can range from mild skin irritation to more severe reactions like hives, difficulty breathing, or even anaphylaxis. Therefore, it is true that latex sensitivity is an allergic reaction.

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9. Which is not a PPE? 

Explanation

Room dividers are not considered personal protective equipment (PPE) as they do not provide any form of protection against hazards or risks. PPE is typically designed to protect the wearer from physical, chemical, or biological hazards, while room dividers are used for separating spaces and do not offer any form of personal protection.

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10. When performing a routine skin puncture, the site should be alcohol cleaned and _____

Explanation

When performing a routine skin puncture, the site should be alcohol cleaned to disinfect the area and prevent infection. After cleaning with alcohol, it is best to allow the site to air dry on its own. This is because blowing dry or using other methods to expedite drying may introduce contaminants or cause irritation to the skin. Allowing the site to air dry ensures that it dries naturally and minimizes the risk of introducing any additional bacteria or substances to the puncture site.

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11. The most important step in the performance of a venipuncture is

Explanation

Identifying the patient is the most important step in the performance of a venipuncture because it ensures that the right patient is receiving the procedure. This is crucial for patient safety and to prevent any errors or mix-ups in the collection and handling of samples. By confirming the patient's identity, healthcare professionals can accurately match the samples to the correct patient, minimizing the risk of misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment.

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12. The heart, lymphatic organs, and blood vessels are in the __________.

Explanation

The heart, lymphatic organs, and blood vessels are all components of the cardiovascular system. The cardiovascular system is responsible for the circulation of blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removing waste products. The heart acts as the pump, while the blood vessels transport the blood. The lymphatic organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes, are also part of this system as they play a role in immune function and the removal of toxins. Therefore, the correct answer is the cardiovascular system.

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13. Chemicals that precent blood from clotting are called __________.

Explanation

Anticoagulants are chemicals that prevent blood from clotting. They work by inhibiting the formation of blood clots, which helps to prevent conditions such as deep vein thrombosis, stroke, and heart attack. Preservatives are substances used to prevent spoilage or decay, activators are substances that initiate or speed up a chemical reaction, and adhesives are substances used to stick things together. Therefore, anticoagulants are the correct answer in this context.

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14. Because bacteria and other microorganisms can be found anywhere, all health care personnel should maintain sterility when handling __________.

Explanation

Bacteria and other microorganisms can be present on IV supplies, catheters, and instruments. Therefore, to prevent the spread of infections, it is important for all healthcare personnel to maintain sterility when handling these items.

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15. When entering a room marked with isolation signs, __________.

Explanation

When entering a room marked with isolation signs, it is important to read the isolation signs to determine what personal protective equipment (PPE) is appropriate. This is necessary to ensure that the individual entering the room is adequately protected from any potential hazards or infectious agents present in the isolation area. Asking a nurse or the patient about the required PPE can also be helpful, but the most reliable and accurate information can be obtained by reading the isolation signs.

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16.  A patient in the Oncology Dept. is probably being treated for _______________.

Explanation

A patient in the Oncology Dept. is probably being treated for cancer. Oncology is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. Therefore, it is logical to assume that a patient in the Oncology Dept. is being treated for cancer.

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17. Before performing a venipuncture, why will a phlebotomist tie a tourniquet?

Explanation

A phlebotomist will tie a tourniquet before performing a venipuncture to help locate the veins in the antecubital. By applying pressure to the area, the veins become more visible and easier to access, ensuring a successful blood draw. This technique allows the phlebotomist to accurately locate the veins and minimize the risk of puncturing other structures.

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18. Can a phlebotomist legally draw blood from a fully cognizant (awake and aware) patient who refuses consent to it?

Explanation

A phlebotomist cannot legally draw blood from a fully cognizant patient who refuses consent. Consent is a fundamental principle in healthcare, and patients have the right to refuse any medical procedure, including blood draws. The phlebotomist must respect the patient's autonomy and cannot proceed without their consent. Nurse, physician, or administrative consent does not override the patient's refusal.

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19. The study of blood is called __________.

Explanation

Hematology is the study of blood, including its composition, functions, and diseases. It involves the examination of blood cells, blood clotting mechanisms, and blood disorders. Hematology plays a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring various conditions such as anemia, leukemia, and clotting disorders. Hematoxins, on the other hand, are toxins that affect blood cells and their functions. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen, and hemolysis refers to the breakdown of red blood cells.

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20. The proper way to insert a needle is with the bevel facing ____________. 

Explanation

The proper way to insert a needle is with the bevel facing up. This is because the bevel is the slanted opening at the tip of the needle, and inserting it with the bevel facing up allows for smoother penetration into the skin or tissue. It also helps to minimize tissue damage and reduce the risk of the needle breaking or bending.

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21. What is the most important step in preventing infections? 

Explanation

Handwashing is the most important step in preventing infections because it helps to remove germs and bacteria from the hands. Our hands come into contact with various surfaces throughout the day, and if we touch our face or eat without washing our hands, we can introduce these germs into our bodies. Handwashing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds effectively kills the germs and reduces the risk of infections. It is a simple and cost-effective measure that can be practiced by everyone to maintain good hygiene and prevent the spread of diseases.

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22. The process by which an object or area becomes unclean is known as __________.

Explanation

Contamination refers to the process in which an object or area becomes unclean. It involves the introduction of harmful or unwanted substances, such as dirt, germs, or pollutants, into a previously clean environment. This can occur through various means, such as direct contact, airborne particles, or cross-contamination. Contamination can pose health risks and may require cleaning or disinfection to restore cleanliness and prevent the spread of harmful agents. In contrast, infection refers specifically to the invasion and multiplication of pathogens in a living organism, sterilization refers to the complete elimination of all microorganisms, and colonization refers to the establishment and growth of microorganisms in a particular area.

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23. Which additive is usually in a lavender tube? 

Explanation

The additive usually found in a lavender tube is EDTA. EDTA stands for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and is commonly used as an anticoagulant in blood collection tubes. It helps prevent blood from clotting by binding to calcium ions, which are necessary for the coagulation process. This allows the blood to remain in a liquid state for further testing and analysis.

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24. The first drop of blood in a capillary puncture is the best for analysis. 

Explanation

The correct answer is False. This statement is incorrect because the first drop of blood in a capillary puncture is usually contaminated with tissue fluid and should be wiped away. The subsequent drops are more reliable for analysis as they are less likely to be contaminated.

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25. Paul phlebotomist draws CBC on patient fred jones , labels the lavender top tube and remove his gloves to go to lunch. Before he can leave patient Sam smith is sent to phlebotomist to have a full lipid profile drawn. paul puts on new gloves and draws a red top tube he recors the # hours post prandial. what step is missing?

Explanation

The missing step in the given scenario is that the phlebotomist did not wash his hands in between drawing the lavender top tube for patient Fred Jones and drawing the red top tube for patient Sam Smith. Proper hand hygiene, including handwashing, is essential in healthcare settings to prevent the spread of infections and maintain patient safety.

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26. Which is not an infection control method?

Explanation

Sphygmomanometers are not an infection control method. Sphygmomanometers are medical devices used to measure blood pressure and do not directly contribute to preventing the spread of infections. In contrast, protective clothing, biohazard containers, and hand washing are all infection control methods commonly used in healthcare settings to minimize the risk of transmission of infectious agents.

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27. Microorganisms that cause diseases

Explanation

Pathogenic microorganisms are those that have the ability to cause diseases in their host organisms. They can invade the host's tissues, reproduce, and cause harm by producing toxins or damaging the host's cells. Unlike nonpathogens, which do not cause diseases, pathogenic microorganisms have specific mechanisms that allow them to overcome the host's defenses and establish an infection. Understanding the characteristics and behavior of pathogenic microorganisms is crucial in the development of treatments and preventive measures against infectious diseases.

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28. If the information of the patients id breacelet is NOT identical to the information on the phlebotomy test requisition and labels for that patient, the phlebotomist should _____

Explanation

If the information on the patient's ID bracelet is not identical to the information on the phlebotomy test requisition and labels, it is important for the phlebotomist to refrain from drawing the sample until the ID is resolved. This is because it is crucial to ensure that the correct patient is identified before any medical procedures are performed. Drawing a sample without resolving the ID discrepancy could lead to potential errors and risks for the patient. Therefore, it is necessary to address the issue and resolve the ID before proceeding with any further steps.

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29. Which of the following is the single most common source of HIV and HBV in the workplace?

Explanation

The single most common source of HIV and HBV in the workplace is blood. This is because both HIV and HBV can be transmitted through contact with infected blood. While other bodily fluids like semen, saliva, and pleural fluid may also contain these viruses, blood is considered the highest risk due to its higher concentration of the viruses. Therefore, it is crucial to take precautions and follow proper safety protocols when handling blood or any potentially infected materials in the workplace to prevent the transmission of HIV and HBV.

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30. When using evacuated tubes for blood collection, it is crucial to remember to __________.

Explanation

The correct answer is "all of the above". When using evacuated tubes for blood collection, it is crucial to remember to never under fill tubes that contain anticoagulant, never use tubes past their stated expiration date, and immediately invert any tubes that contain additives. These precautions ensure accurate and reliable blood collection and analysis.

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31. A possible cause of tube breakage during centrifugation might be __________.

Explanation

An unbalanced centrifuge can cause tube breakage during centrifugation. When the centrifuge is not properly balanced, the tubes inside can experience uneven forces, leading to breakage. This can occur if the tubes are not evenly distributed or if the centrifuge rotor is not balanced correctly. The imbalance causes the tubes to move and collide with each other or the centrifuge walls, resulting in breakage. It is important to ensure proper balancing of the centrifuge to prevent this issue and maintain the integrity of the tubes and their contents.

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32. In a routine blolod draw the red tube is drawn before the green tube. 

Explanation

In a routine blood draw, the red tube is drawn before the green tube. This is because the red tube is used to collect blood for various tests, including complete blood count (CBC) and blood chemistry tests. These tests require a larger volume of blood compared to the green tube, which is typically used for collecting blood samples for specific tests such as blood clotting studies. Therefore, it is standard practice to draw the red tube first to ensure an adequate blood sample is collected for the necessary tests.

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33. In a routine venipuncture the lavender tube should be drawn before the red tube. 

Explanation

In a routine venipuncture, the lavender tube is not drawn before the red tube. The correct order is to draw the red tube first, which is used for collecting blood samples for various tests, and then the lavender tube, which is used for collecting blood samples for hematology tests. This order is important to prevent cross-contamination and ensure accurate test results.

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34. Which of these needle has the smallest bore or diameter?

Explanation

The needle with the smallest bore or diameter is the one with the highest gauge number. In this case, the 23 Gauge needle has the smallest bore compared to the other options provided.

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35. The hands of the phlebotomist should be washed _________

Explanation

The correct answer is "all answers are correct" because it is important for the phlebotomist to wash their hands before inspection collection to ensure cleanliness and prevent contamination. They should also wash their hands after specimen collection to maintain hygiene and prevent the spread of any potential infections. Even though gloves are used, hand washing is still necessary as gloves may not provide complete protection. Therefore, all the given options are correct in emphasizing the importance of hand washing for a phlebotomist.

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36. Which of the following is not known to transmit HIV?

Explanation

Sweat is not known to transmit HIV because the virus cannot survive outside the body for long periods of time. HIV is primarily transmitted through specific body fluids such as blood, vaginal secretions, breast milk, and semen, which contain a high concentration of the virus. However, sweat does not contain enough of the virus to transmit HIV, making it an unlikely mode of transmission.

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37. A violation of a person's right to have his or her name, photograph, or private affairs made public without giving consent is called __________.

Explanation

Invasion of privacy refers to the violation of an individual's right to keep their personal information, name, photograph, or private matters confidential without their consent. It involves the unauthorized intrusion into someone's personal life, which can cause emotional distress, harm their reputation, or compromise their personal security. This term encompasses various forms of privacy invasion, such as intrusion, disclosure of private facts, false light, and appropriation of name or likeness.

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38. OSHA requires training and educational information on bloodborne pathogens to be given to employees __________.

Explanation

OSHA requires training and educational information on bloodborne pathogens to be given to employees at no cost. This is to ensure that employees have access to the necessary knowledge and skills to protect themselves from potential exposure to bloodborne pathogens without any financial burden. By providing this training for free, OSHA aims to promote workplace safety and prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

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39. Which tube is drawn last in a standard venipuncture procedure? 

Explanation

In a standard venipuncture procedure, the lavender tube is drawn last. This tube is used to collect blood samples for complete blood count (CBC) testing. The order in which tubes are drawn is important to prevent cross-contamination and ensure accurate test results. The lavender tube contains an anticoagulant called ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), which helps preserve the blood sample for CBC analysis. By drawing the lavender tube last, any residual anticoagulant in the needle or tubing is minimized, reducing the risk of sample contamination.

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40. Safe working conditions for employees are regulated by __________.

Explanation

Safe working conditions for employees are regulated by OSHA, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. OSHA is a federal agency that sets and enforces standards to ensure safe and healthy working conditions for employees in the United States. They provide guidelines and regulations for various industries to prevent workplace hazards, such as exposure to harmful substances, accidents, and injuries. OSHA also conducts inspections and investigations to ensure compliance with these standards and takes enforcement actions when necessary to protect the well-being of workers.

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41. In health care, when all evaluated services and results compate within acceptable standards, principles of __________ are being used.

Explanation

Quality assurance is the process of ensuring that all evaluated services and results in healthcare meet acceptable standards. It involves monitoring and evaluating the quality of healthcare services to ensure that they are safe, effective, and efficient. By using principles of quality assurance, healthcare providers can identify areas for improvement and implement strategies to enhance the overall quality of care provided to patients. This helps to ensure that patients receive the highest standard of care and that healthcare organizations are meeting regulatory requirements.

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42. The following were collected for a routine venipuncture.  Which item is incorrect?

Explanation

The iodine swab is the incorrect item because it is not typically used for routine venipuncture. Instead, an alcohol swab is commonly used to clean the area before the procedure. Iodine swabs may be used in certain situations, such as when a patient has an allergy to alcohol, but they are not the standard choice for routine venipuncture.

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43.  Which is used for PT and PTT?

Explanation

The light blue top is used for PT (prothrombin time) and PTT (partial thromboplastin time) tests. These tests are used to evaluate the blood's ability to clot. The light blue top tube contains an anticoagulant called sodium citrate, which prevents the blood from clotting. This allows for accurate measurement of clotting factors and helps in diagnosing bleeding disorders or monitoring anticoagulant therapy.

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44. Which needle has the largest gauge? 

Explanation

The needle with the largest gauge is 16. This is because the gauge of a needle refers to the thickness of the needle. The higher the gauge number, the thinner the needle. Therefore, out of the options given, 16 has the largest gauge and is the thickest needle.

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45.  Lavender, Yellow and Green tubes should all be inverted 8 times each.

Explanation

The explanation for the given correct answer is that inverting the tubes helps to mix the contents thoroughly. By inverting the tubes 8 times, it ensures that any sediment or particles are evenly distributed throughout the solution. This is important for accurate and consistent results in various scientific experiments or tests that require the use of these tubes.

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46. A complete blood count (CBC) is collected in an evacuated tube with what color stopper?

Explanation

A complete blood count (CBC) is collected in an evacuated tube with a lavender stopper. The color of the stopper is important because it indicates the type of additive present in the tube. Lavender stoppers are used for collecting blood samples for CBC because they contain an anticoagulant called EDTA, which prevents the blood from clotting. This allows for accurate measurement of different components of the blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

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47. The body system the filters blood to eliminate waste, helps maintain blood PH and regulates water balance is the _______ system.

Explanation

The urinary system is responsible for filtering blood to eliminate waste, maintaining blood pH, and regulating water balance. It consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste products and excess water from the blood to form urine, which is then excreted from the body. They also help regulate the balance of electrolytes and maintain the pH of the blood. Therefore, the urinary system is the correct answer for the given question.

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48. To collect blood without an addititve use an evacuated tube with a ___ colored stopper

Explanation

When collecting blood without an additive, a red-colored stopper is used in an evacuated tube. The red stopper indicates that the tube is meant for collecting blood samples without any additives or anticoagulants. Different colored stoppers are used for different types of additives or anticoagulants, but in this case, the red stopper is the correct choice for collecting blood without any additives.

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49. Veins are located deeper than arteries.

Explanation

Veins are not located deeper than arteries. In fact, arteries are deeper in the body compared to veins. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body, and they are typically found deeper within the tissues. Veins, on the other hand, carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and are often located closer to the surface of the body.

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50.  A clean catch test is collected in a:

Explanation

A clean catch test is collected in a sterile cup to ensure that the urine sample is free from any contaminants. A sterile cup is specifically designed to prevent any outside bacteria or substances from contaminating the urine sample, allowing for accurate test results. Using a sterile cup helps to maintain the integrity of the sample and ensures that any abnormalities or infections present in the urine can be properly identified and diagnosed.

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51. Taking aspirin is most likely going to effect a BT test. 

Explanation

Taking aspirin is most likely going to affect a BT test. Aspirin is known to thin the blood and can interfere with the results of a BT test, which measures the time it takes for blood to clot. Therefore, it is likely that taking aspirin would have an effect on the BT test.

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52. OSHA requires that health care professionals receive a vaccine for: 

Explanation

OSHA, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, requires health care professionals to receive a vaccine for HBV, which stands for Hepatitis B Virus. This is because HBV can be transmitted through exposure to blood or other bodily fluids, and health care professionals are at a higher risk of coming into contact with these fluids in their line of work. Vaccination helps protect them from contracting and spreading the virus.

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53.  Sodium Citrate is the additive in which tube?

Explanation

Sodium Citrate is the additive used in the light blue tube.

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54. If a glass tube breaks during centrifugation, what sequence of actions would be best?

Explanation

In the event of a glass tube breaking during centrifugation, the best sequence of actions would be to stop the centrifuge first to prevent any further damage or injury. Then, open the lid carefully to access the broken glass. Using forceps to remove any glass shards is recommended to avoid direct contact and potential injuries. This approach prioritizes safety by minimizing the risk of injury and effectively removing the broken glass from the centrifuge.

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55. Treating all specimens as if they are hazardous and infectionsis the basis for __________.

Explanation

The basis for treating all specimens as if they are hazardous and infections is universal precautions. Universal precautions refer to the practice of treating all patients and specimens as if they are infectious, regardless of their actual infectious status. This approach ensures the safety of healthcare workers and minimizes the risk of transmission of infections.

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56. What information must be included if the phlebotomist must manually label a blood collection tube from an outpatient?

Explanation

The phlebotomist must manually label a blood collection tube from an outpatient with the patient's full name and phlebotomist initials, the date of the patient's birth and/or social security number, and the date and time of the draw.

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57. Eating and drinking are permissible in a laboratory setting __________.

Explanation

Eating and drinking are only allowed in designated clean areas in a laboratory setting. This is because laboratories often contain hazardous materials, chemicals, and equipment that can pose a risk to food and beverages. By confining eating and drinking to designated clean areas, the risk of contamination and accidents can be minimized, ensuring the safety of the laboratory environment and the individuals working in it.

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58. There is a 9 to 1 ratio nof blood to anticoagulant in a light blue tube. 

Explanation

In a light blue tube, there is a 9 to 1 ratio of blood to anticoagulant. This means that for every 9 parts of blood, there is 1 part of anticoagulant in the tube. This ratio is important because it helps prevent the blood from clotting during testing or analysis. Having the correct ratio ensures that the blood sample remains in a liquid state and can be accurately analyzed. Therefore, the statement is true.

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59. A green top tube usually contains 

Explanation

A green top tube usually contains heparin. Heparin is an anticoagulant that prevents blood from clotting. It is commonly used for tests that require plasma instead of serum, as heparin prevents the formation of blood clots during the collection process.

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60. The following is a test of the respiratory system 

Explanation

ABGs stands for Arterial Blood Gases, which is a test used to measure the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, as well as the pH and bicarbonate levels. This test helps to assess the respiratory function and acid-base balance in the body. It is commonly used to diagnose and monitor conditions such as respiratory failure, lung diseases, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, ABGs is a test specifically related to the respiratory system.

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61. When using two glass slides to make a blood smear, the reccomended angle of contact between them is approximately ______ degrees

Explanation

When making a blood smear using two glass slides, it is recommended to have an angle of contact of approximately 30 degrees. This angle allows for an even and thin distribution of the blood sample on the slide, making it easier to observe under a microscope. A steeper angle may result in a thicker smear, while a shallower angle may lead to an uneven distribution of the blood cells. Therefore, a 30-degree angle is ideal for creating a well-prepared blood smear.

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62. When a 5 millimeter evacuated tube appears to extract blood with too much force from a weak wein (causing the vein to collapse) the phlebotomist might have better results using a ______

Explanation

When a 5 millimeter evacuated tube appears to extract blood with too much force from a weak vein (causing the vein to collapse), using a pediatric sized tube might yield better results. A pediatric sized tube has a smaller diameter compared to a regular tube, which means it exerts less suction force on the vein. This can prevent the collapse of the weak vein and enable a successful blood extraction.

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63. Characteristics of capillaries include __________.

Explanation

Capillaries are thin-walled blood vessels that form microscopic pathways, connecting arterioles (small arteries) with venules (small veins). These characteristics allow capillaries to facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as all the listed characteristics accurately describe capillaries.

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64. Sodium Citrate have what color stoppers? 

Explanation

Sodium Citrate has light blue stoppers.

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65. The hormone detected in a positive pregnancy test is 

Explanation

The hormone detected in a positive pregnancy test is HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin). HCG is produced by the placenta after implantation occurs, and its presence in the urine or blood confirms pregnancy. It is the hormone responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone to support the pregnancy. HCG levels increase rapidly in the early stages of pregnancy and can be detected by a pregnancy test.

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66. When the body has adequate rest and no food for 12 hours it is said to be in the___________state.

Explanation

When the body has been at rest and has not consumed any food for a period of 12 hours, it is said to be in a basal state. The basal state refers to the body's resting metabolic rate, which is the energy expenditure required to maintain basic bodily functions such as breathing, circulation, and cell production. During this state, the body is not actively digesting or metabolizing food, and it relies on stored energy sources to meet its energy needs.

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67. Medical Asepsis is the destruction of pathogens outside the body. 

Explanation

Medical Asepsis refers to the practices and techniques used to prevent the spread of pathogens in healthcare settings. It involves the destruction of pathogens outside the body through various means such as disinfection and sterilization. This helps to create a clean and safe environment, reducing the risk of infection transmission. Therefore, the statement that Medical Asepsis is the destruction of pathogens outside the body is true.

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68. Negligence by a professional person is called __________.

Explanation

Malpractice refers to the negligence or misconduct by a professional person, such as a doctor, lawyer, or accountant, in the course of their professional duties. It involves a breach of the standard of care expected from them, resulting in harm or injury to their client or patient. This term is commonly used in the context of medical malpractice, where a healthcare professional fails to provide the appropriate standard of care, causing harm to the patient.

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69. Diastolic pressure is __________.

Explanation

Diastolic pressure refers to the bottom number of blood pressure readings. Blood pressure is measured using two numbers: the top number, known as systolic pressure, represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats and pumps blood, while the bottom number, diastolic pressure, represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats. Therefore, the correct answer is "the bottom number of blood pressure readings."

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70. Glycolysis occurs faster in newborns. 

Explanation

Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down into pyruvate to produce energy. It is the main pathway for energy production in newborns because they rely heavily on glucose as a fuel source. The enzymes involved in glycolysis are more active in newborns, leading to a faster rate of glycolysis compared to adults. This increased glycolytic activity allows newborns to efficiently generate energy for growth and development. Therefore, the statement that glycolysis occurs faster in newborns is true.

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71.  The left ventricle delivers oxygenated blood to the aorta.

Explanation

The left ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood from the heart into the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body. This oxygenated blood is then distributed to the rest of the body, providing oxygen and nutrients to the various organs and tissues. Therefore, the statement that the left ventricle delivers oxygenated blood to the aorta is true.

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72. POC testing is done _____________. 

Explanation

POC testing is done at the patient's bed because it allows for immediate results and faster decision-making. This type of testing eliminates the need for samples to be sent to a medical lab, reducing the turnaround time for results. By conducting the test at the patient's bedside, healthcare professionals can quickly assess the patient's condition and provide appropriate treatment without delay. This approach is particularly useful in emergency situations or when frequent monitoring is required.

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73. The additive in a pink tube is: 

Explanation

EDTA is the correct additive in a pink tube. EDTA stands for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, which is a chelating agent that binds calcium ions and prevents clotting of blood samples. It is commonly used in hematology tests and is suitable for most routine tests, including complete blood count (CBC) and blood typing. EDTA is preferred over other additives like heparin or SPS in pink tubes because it does not interfere with the accuracy of test results.

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74. Treating ALL lab specimens as if they are hazardous and infectious is the basis for

Explanation

Treating ALL lab specimens as if they are hazardous and infectious is the basis for universal precautions. Universal precautions refer to a set of infection control practices that healthcare workers follow to prevent the transmission of diseases. By assuming that all lab specimens are potentially hazardous and infectious, healthcare workers take necessary precautions such as wearing personal protective equipment, practicing proper hand hygiene, and using appropriate containment measures. This approach helps protect both healthcare workers and patients from the risk of infection, regardless of the known status of the specimen.

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75. The tissue that covers and protects the body is __________.

Explanation

Epithelial tissue is the correct answer because it covers and protects the body. Epithelial tissue is found on the outer surface of the body as well as lining the internal organs and cavities. It acts as a barrier, protecting underlying tissues and organs from damage, dehydration, and infection. Epithelial tissue also plays a role in absorption, secretion, and sensation.

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76. A tube containing sodium citrate as an additive is the __________. 

Explanation

The blue tube top is used for blood collection with sodium citrate as an additive. Sodium citrate is commonly used as an anticoagulant in blood samples for coagulation testing. The blue color of the tube helps to easily identify the tube with sodium citrate additive.

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77. Failing to provide reasonable standards of care causing someone to suffer an injury is know as ____________. 

Explanation

Negligence refers to the failure to provide reasonable standards of care, resulting in someone suffering an injury. It is a legal term used to describe a situation where a person or entity fails to exercise the level of care that a reasonable person would have in similar circumstances. Negligence can occur in various contexts, such as medical malpractice, car accidents, or slip and fall incidents. It is a key concept in tort law, which deals with civil wrongs and liabilities.

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78. Which is not true off WBCs? 

Explanation

The statement "they are all the same size and shape" is not true for WBCs. White blood cells, or leukocytes, come in different sizes and shapes depending on their type and function. For example, neutrophils are larger with multi-lobed nuclei, while lymphocytes are smaller with round nuclei. This variation in size and shape allows different types of WBCs to perform their specific roles in the immune system.

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79. Sputum is collected to diagnose 

Explanation

Sputum is collected to diagnose tuberculosis because it is a respiratory disease that primarily affects the lungs. Sputum, which is the mucus or phlegm that is coughed up from the respiratory tract, can contain the bacteria that cause tuberculosis. By analyzing the sputum, doctors can determine if a person has been infected with tuberculosis and can prescribe appropriate treatment.

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80. If someone is cyanotic their skin may appear ____________. 

Explanation

If someone is cyanotic, it means that there is a lack of oxygen in their blood. This can cause their skin to appear bluish in color.

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81. Infections that can be spread from person to person are called __________.

Explanation

Infections that can be spread from person to person are called communicable. This term refers to diseases that can be transmitted through direct contact, such as respiratory droplets or bodily fluids, or indirectly through contaminated objects or surfaces. Communicable diseases can include common illnesses like the flu or cold, as well as more serious infections like tuberculosis or HIV. It is important to understand and take necessary precautions to prevent the spread of communicable diseases in order to protect public health.

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82. Vigorous mixing can activate platelet and shorten clotting times. 

Explanation

Vigorous mixing can activate platelets and shorten clotting times because it helps to distribute clotting factors and enzymes more evenly throughout the blood. This increased distribution allows for a faster and more efficient clotting process.

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83. Serum is depleted of fibrogen. 

Explanation

The statement "Serum is depleted of fibrogen" is true. Fibrogen is a protein involved in blood clotting, and serum is the liquid part of blood without clotting factors. Therefore, serum does not contain fibrogen.

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84. Which test must be performed on whole blood? 

Explanation

A complete blood count (CBC) is a test that must be performed on whole blood. This test provides information about the different components of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It can help diagnose various conditions such as anemia, infections, and blood disorders. By analyzing the CBC results, healthcare professionals can assess a person's overall health and identify any abnormalities or imbalances in their blood.

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85. A group of tests collected as one unit: 

Explanation

In this context, a group of tests collected as one unit is commonly referred to as a "profile." This term is often used in medical testing, where a profile may include multiple tests that are relevant to a specific condition or set of symptoms. The term "group" could also be used, but "profile" is more specific and accurately describes the collection of tests.

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86. All patients are presumed to be infectious for ___________. 

Explanation

All patients are presumed to be infectious for blood borne pathogens. This means that healthcare professionals must take precautions to prevent the transmission of diseases that can be spread through blood, such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. This presumption ensures that healthcare workers are always taking the necessary steps to protect themselves and others from potential infections.

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87. To collect blood for a prothrombin time test, use an eacuated tube with a ____ colored stopper

Explanation

The correct answer is light blue because a prothrombin time test requires the blood sample to be collected in a tube that contains sodium citrate as an anticoagulant. Light blue stoppers are commonly used for tubes containing sodium citrate, making it the appropriate choice for this test.

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88. Capillary blood sampling may be used if the laboratory tests require __________.

Explanation

Capillary blood sampling is used when laboratory tests require very little blood. This method involves pricking the skin with a lancet to obtain a small sample of blood from the capillaries near the surface of the skin. It is commonly used for tests that require small amounts of blood, such as blood glucose monitoring or certain point-of-care tests. Capillary blood sampling is less invasive and more convenient compared to venous blood sampling, making it suitable for situations where only a small volume of blood is needed.

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89. Lipemic bloodserum appears: 

Explanation

Lipemic blood serum appears milky due to the presence of high levels of lipids (fats) in the serum. This can be caused by various factors such as a high-fat diet, obesity, certain medications, or certain medical conditions like hyperlipidemia or diabetes. The milky appearance is a result of the scattering of light by the lipid particles suspended in the serum, giving it a cloudy or turbid appearance. Lipemic serum can interfere with laboratory tests and may need to be clarified before accurate results can be obtained.

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90. Another name for blood in the urine: 

Explanation

Hematuria is another name for blood in the urine. It is a medical condition characterized by the presence of red blood cells in the urine, which gives it a reddish or pinkish color. Hematuria can be caused by various factors such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, bladder or kidney infections, trauma, or certain medical conditions like kidney disease or cancer. It is important to identify the underlying cause of hematuria as it can be a sign of a more serious underlying health issue.

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91. A CBC would be sent to what lab section? 

Explanation

A CBC (Complete Blood Count) is a common blood test that provides information about the different components of blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Hematology is the branch of laboratory medicine that deals with the study of blood and blood disorders. Therefore, a CBC would be sent to the hematology lab section for analysis and interpretation.

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92. Lavender tubes must be 2/3 full. 

Explanation

The correct answer is True. Lavender tubes must be 2/3 full. This means that when collecting blood samples, the lavender tubes should be filled to about two-thirds of their total capacity. This is important because it ensures that there is enough blood for the tests to be conducted accurately, while also leaving enough space for proper mixing of the blood with anticoagulants or additives present in the tube. Filling the lavender tubes to the appropriate level is a standard procedure in blood collection to ensure reliable and accurate test results.

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93. Whic of these is a common component of disinfectant solutions used for colection of blood cultures?

Explanation

Chlorhexidine is a common component of disinfectant solutions used for the collection of blood cultures. It is a broad-spectrum antiseptic that is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Chlorhexidine is commonly used in healthcare settings for its strong antimicrobial properties and ability to reduce the risk of infection. It is often used as a pre-procedure skin disinfectant before blood collection to minimize the risk of contamination and ensure accurate test results. Methanol, glutaraldehyde, and lidocaine are not typically used as components in disinfectant solutions for blood culture collection.

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94. Drugs used to destroy or kill bacteria that cause disease, are called __________.

Explanation

Antibiotics are drugs that are specifically designed to destroy or kill bacteria that cause diseases. They work by targeting the bacteria and either inhibiting their growth or killing them completely. Disinfectants are substances used to kill microorganisms on surfaces, while germicides are agents that destroy germs. Sterilizers are devices or chemicals used to kill all forms of microbial life. Therefore, the correct answer is antibiotics.

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95. Common syptoms of shock include all of the following except __________.

Explanation

Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when there is insufficient blood flow to the body's organs and tissues. Common symptoms of shock include pale skin, increased shallow breathing rate, and weak pulse. However, temperature is not typically considered a common symptom of shock. This is because shock primarily affects the circulatory system and does not directly impact body temperature regulation. Therefore, temperature is the correct answer as it is not typically associated with the symptoms of shock.

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96. When collecting a Blood culture with a butterfly into culture bottles, which is filled first? 

Explanation

When collecting a blood culture with a butterfly into culture bottles, the aerobic bottle is filled first. This is because aerobic bacteria require oxygen to grow, so by filling the aerobic bottle first, it ensures that the bacteria have access to oxygen. The anaerobic bottle is filled second, as anaerobic bacteria do not require oxygen to grow.

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97. Which test may require a chain of custody? 

Explanation

A drug screen may require a chain of custody because it is a process that involves the collection, handling, and documentation of a specimen to ensure its integrity and prevent tampering or contamination. The chain of custody is necessary to maintain the legal defensibility and reliability of the test results, especially in situations where the results may have significant consequences, such as in workplace drug testing or legal cases.

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98. A drug known to interfere with urine tests should be discontinued 48-72 hours prior to the test. 

Explanation

This statement suggests that if a person is taking a drug that is known to interfere with urine tests, they should stop taking it 48-72 hours before the test. This implies that the drug can still be detected in the urine even after 48-72 hours of discontinuation, indicating that it has a long half-life or is slow to clear from the body. Therefore, the statement is true.

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99. Which is NOT a common symptom of shock? 

Explanation

Blinking eyes is not a common symptom of shock. Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when there is insufficient blood flow to the body's tissues and organs. Common symptoms of shock include clammy skin, weak pulse, and shallow breathing. However, blinking eyes is not typically associated with shock.

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100. The venipuncture site should be cleansed in a circular motion from the center to the __________.

Explanation

When performing a venipuncture, it is important to cleanse the site properly to minimize the risk of infection. Cleansing the site in a circular motion from the center to the periphery ensures that any dirt or bacteria is pushed away from the puncture site. This technique helps to maintain the cleanliness of the site and reduces the chances of introducing contaminants into the bloodstream. Therefore, the correct answer is periphery.

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101. When the heart is contracting, the pressure is highest. This pressure is called the __________. 

Explanation

During the contraction of the heart, blood is pumped out into the arteries, resulting in an increase in pressure. This maximum pressure exerted on the arterial walls is known as systolic pressure. It represents the top number in a blood pressure reading and is an important indicator of the heart's ability to pump blood effectively.

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102. Consent to treament based upon full understanging of all possible risks of unpreventable results of treatment is called __________.

Explanation

Assumption of risk refers to the concept of a patient consenting to a medical treatment with full understanding of all the potential risks and unpreventable outcomes that may occur as a result. This means that the patient acknowledges and accepts the potential negative consequences and agrees to proceed with the treatment despite this knowledge. It is a legal defense that healthcare professionals can use if a patient experiences complications or adverse effects from a treatment that were fully disclosed and understood by the patient beforehand.

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103. What causes vacuum tubes to fill with blood? 

Explanation

Vacuum tubes fill with blood due to the pressure difference created by the vacuum inside the tube. When the tube is inserted into a patient's vein, the vacuum inside the tube causes blood to be drawn into the tube through the needle. This allows for the collection of a blood sample for testing or analysis.

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104. Bacteria and parasites belong to which type of hazard? 

Explanation

Bacteria and parasites belong to the biologic hazard category because they are living organisms that can cause harm to human health. Unlike chemical or physical hazards, which can be non-living substances or conditions, biologic hazards specifically refer to the presence of microorganisms or other biological agents that can cause disease or infection.

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105. The color of normal serum is usually __________.

Explanation

Normal serum is typically straw to yellow in color. This is because serum, which is the liquid portion of blood without the clotting factors, contains various substances such as proteins, electrolytes, and waste products. These components can contribute to the color of serum, with a straw to yellow hue being the typical range. A milky white color would indicate the presence of lipids, while clear red or hazy brown colors may suggest the presence of blood or other abnormalities.

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106. Red and white blood cell counts are examples of __________ tests.

Explanation

Hematology is the study of blood and blood disorders. Red and white blood cell counts are specific tests that fall under the field of hematology. These tests are used to assess the levels of red and white blood cells in the body, which can provide important information about a person's overall health and potential medical conditions. Therefore, hematology is the correct answer for this question.

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107. Veins have thinner walls than arteries. 

Explanation

Veins have thinner walls than arteries because they are designed to carry blood back to the heart at a lower pressure. The thinner walls allow veins to expand and accommodate a larger volume of blood. In contrast, arteries have thicker walls with more muscle and elastic tissue to withstand the higher pressure of blood being pumped away from the heart.

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108. The first tube collected with a butterfly will underfill due to air in the line. 

Explanation

When using a butterfly needle, there can be air trapped in the tubing. This can cause the first tube collected to be underfilled because the air takes up space in the tubing that would otherwise be filled with blood. Therefore, it is true that the first tube collected with a butterfly needle will underfill due to air in the line.

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109. Oxygen-poor blood enters the heart througfh the right atrium. 

Explanation

Oxygen-poor blood enters the heart through the right atrium. This is because the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava. From the right atrium, the blood then flows into the right ventricle, and eventually gets pumped to the lungs where it picks up oxygen. Therefore, the statement is true.

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110. Which is a test of the urinary system? 

Explanation

Creatinine clearance is a test that measures how efficiently the kidneys are filtering waste products from the blood. It is used to assess the overall function of the urinary system. Creatinine, a waste product produced by muscle metabolism, is filtered by the kidneys and excreted in urine. By measuring the levels of creatinine in both blood and urine, creatinine clearance can be calculated, providing valuable information about kidney function. This test is commonly used to diagnose and monitor conditions such as kidney disease and to adjust medication dosages in patients with impaired kidney function.

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111. Always recap your needle before putting it into the sharps container. 

Explanation

Recapping needles before putting them into the sharps container is not recommended because it increases the risk of needlestick injuries. When recapping, there is a higher chance of accidentally puncturing oneself with the needle. Therefore, it is safer to dispose of the needle without recapping it.

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112. Light blue tubes must be ____ full. 

Explanation

The light blue tubes must be completely full. This means that there should be no empty space or gaps in the tubes. They should be filled to their maximum capacity.

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113. Invert a gray tube __________ times. 

Explanation

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114. The branch of study of moral issues, questions and problems arising in the practice of medicine and biomedical research is called __________.

Explanation

Bioethics is the correct answer because it refers to the branch of study that deals with moral issues, questions, and problems that arise in the practice of medicine and biomedical research. It involves the examination and evaluation of ethical dilemmas related to healthcare, medical research, and the use of technology in healthcare. Bioethics combines principles from philosophy, ethics, and the sciences to provide guidance and ethical frameworks for healthcare professionals and researchers.

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115. Lymph originates from 

Explanation

Lymph originates from tissue fluid. Tissue fluid is the fluid that surrounds the cells in the body's tissues. It is formed when blood plasma filters out of the capillaries into the interstitial spaces. This fluid then enters the lymphatic vessels and becomes lymph. Lymph plays a crucial role in the immune system, carrying immune cells and waste products away from tissues and towards lymph nodes where they can be filtered and processed.

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116. At what intervals should blood be blotted during a bleeding time test? 

Explanation

During a bleeding time test, blood should be blotted at 30-second intervals. This is because the test measures the time it takes for bleeding to stop after a small incision is made on the skin. Blotting the blood at regular intervals allows for monitoring the progression of the bleeding and helps determine when it has stopped completely. A 30-second interval allows enough time to observe any changes in the bleeding pattern and provides accurate results for the test.

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117. The most common source of carry over problems is EDTA. 

Explanation

EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a chelating agent commonly used in laboratory settings to bind and remove metal ions. However, if EDTA is not properly removed or neutralized, it can cause carry over problems in subsequent experiments. This is because EDTA can bind to metal ions present in samples or reagents used in the next experiment, leading to inaccurate results or interference with the intended analysis. Therefore, the statement that EDTA is the most common source of carry over problems is true.

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118. Touching someone without permission is called____________. 

Explanation

Battery is the correct answer because it refers to the act of touching someone without their consent. It is a legal term used to describe the intentional and harmful physical contact with another person, which can be considered a violation of their personal space and rights.

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119. Sodium Fluoride preserves glucose for how many days? 

Explanation

Sodium fluoride preserves glucose for 3 days.

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120. How many minutes does normal coagulation take in a red topped tube? 

Explanation

Normal coagulation takes approximately 30-60 minutes in a red topped tube.

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121. What tube is used for a WCB differential? 

Explanation

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122. Which tube can be used to collect blood for a type and crossmatch? 

Explanation

The Pink top EDTA tube can be used to collect blood for a type and crossmatch. EDTA is an anticoagulant that prevents the blood from clotting, making it suitable for tests that require whole blood samples like blood typing and crossmatching. The Pink top indicates that it contains EDTA as the anticoagulant.

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123. Capillary puncture reference ranges are higher for this analyte. 

Explanation

Capillary puncture reference ranges for glucose are higher compared to other analytes such as calcium, phosphorus, and protein. This means that the normal range for glucose levels in capillary blood is higher than the normal range for these other analytes. This could be due to various factors, such as the difference in the distribution and metabolism of glucose compared to these other substances in the body. It is important to consider these reference ranges when interpreting glucose levels obtained through capillary puncture.

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124. If an infant is screaming during a CBC test the  

Explanation

If an infant is screaming during a CBC test, the stress and agitation caused by crying can lead to an increase in the number of white blood cells (WBC) in the bloodstream. This is because crying triggers the release of stress hormones, which can stimulate the production and release of WBCs from the bone marrow. Therefore, the WBC count in the CBC test may be elevated in this situation.

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125. When serum is _________ it is a clue that the patient is not fasting. 

Explanation

When serum is lipemic, it appears cloudy or milky due to the presence of high levels of lipids (fats) in the blood. This can occur when a patient is not fasting because the ingestion of fatty foods can cause an increase in lipid levels in the blood. Therefore, the presence of lipemic serum is a clue that the patient is not fasting.

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126. Which should not be done during vein selection? 

Explanation

During vein selection, one should not have the patient pump their fist. This is because pumping the fist can cause the veins to collapse or become less visible, making it difficult to locate and access a suitable vein for the procedure.

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127. Test for this dept. are usually collected in a light blue tube. 

Explanation

The correct answer is coagulation because coagulation tests are typically collected in a light blue tube. Coagulation tests are used to evaluate the blood's ability to form clots and are important in diagnosing and monitoring conditions related to blood clotting disorders. The use of a light blue tube is specific to coagulation tests, while other departments such as chemistry, hematology, and microbiology use different colored tubes for their respective tests.

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128. What is the first link in the chain of infection? 

Explanation

The first link in the chain of infection is the agent. The agent refers to the microorganism or pathogen that causes the infection. It can be a bacteria, virus, fungus, or parasite. The agent is responsible for initiating the infection and can be transmitted from one person to another through various modes of transmission, such as direct contact, airborne droplets, or contaminated surfaces. Identifying the agent is crucial in understanding how the infection spreads and developing effective prevention and control measures.

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129. The heart disorder characterized by fluid buildup in the lungs 

Explanation

Congestive heart failure is a heart disorder where there is a fluid buildup in the lungs. This occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, causing blood to back up in the veins and resulting in fluid leakage into the lungs. Symptoms may include shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs and ankles. Treatment options for congestive heart failure include medications, lifestyle changes, and in severe cases, surgery. Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve, bacterial endocarditis is an infection of the heart's inner lining, and myocardial infarction refers to a heart attack.

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130. Capillary puncture blood most closely resembles ____________. 

Explanation

Capillary puncture blood most closely resembles arterial blood because both types of blood are oxygenated. Arterial blood is oxygen-rich and is pumped out of the heart to supply oxygen to the body's tissues. Capillary puncture blood is obtained by pricking the capillaries, which are the smallest blood vessels, and it contains oxygen that has been delivered by the arteries to the tissues. In contrast, venous blood is blood that has already passed through the tissues and has lower oxygen levels. Therefore, arterial blood is the closest match to capillary puncture blood.

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131. What gauge multi-sample needle is considered to be standard? 

Explanation

A gauge 21 multi-sample needle is considered to be standard. The gauge of a needle refers to its diameter, with a smaller number indicating a larger diameter. A gauge 21 needle is commonly used for drawing blood samples and is considered to be the standard size for this purpose. It provides a good balance between ease of use and patient comfort, making it the preferred choice for routine blood collection.

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132. Which of the following is the best definition of destruction of red blood cells? 

Explanation

Hemolysis refers to the destruction of red blood cells. This can occur due to various reasons such as infection, autoimmune diseases, or certain medications. When red blood cells are destroyed, they release their contents, including hemoglobin, into the bloodstream. This can lead to various symptoms such as anemia, jaundice, and fatigue. Hemolysis can be diagnosed through blood tests that measure the levels of hemoglobin and other markers of red blood cell destruction. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve medications, blood transfusions, or addressing the underlying condition.

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133. When someone is in shock you should keep them cool. 

Explanation

The correct answer is False. When someone is in shock, you should NOT keep them cool. In fact, you should keep them warm and comfortable by covering them with a blanket or clothing to help maintain their body temperature.

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134. OSHA requires training and educational info be given to phlebotomists on ALL BUT WHICH ONE of the following topics?

Explanation

The correct answer is preventing identification errors. OSHA requires training and educational information to be given to phlebotomists on topics such as blood borne pathogens, needle and safety handling, and glass and sharps disposal. However, preventing identification errors is not specifically mentioned as a topic that OSHA requires training on for phlebotomists.

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135. The most critical aspect of blood culture collection is 

Explanation

Skin antisepsis is the most critical aspect of blood culture collection because it helps to prevent contamination of the blood sample with bacteria or other microorganisms present on the skin. Properly disinfecting the skin before drawing the blood reduces the risk of introducing external pathogens into the sample, ensuring accurate and reliable results. This step is crucial in preventing false-positive or false-negative results, which could lead to incorrect diagnoses and inappropriate treatment decisions.

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136. An example of a nosocomial infection is 

Explanation

An example of a nosocomial infection is when the catheter site of an ICU patient becomes infected. Nosocomial infections are infections that are acquired in a healthcare setting, such as a hospital. In this case, the infection occurs at the catheter site, which is a common site for infection due to the introduction of foreign objects into the body. This infection is considered nosocomial because it is acquired during the patient's stay in the ICU, rather than being present before admission.

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137. An evacuated tube system for venipuncture consists of  ALL BUT WHICH ONE of these components?

Explanation

The evacuated tube system for venipuncture consists of a vacuum collection tube with a color-coded stopper, a special plastic holder known as an adapter, and a double-sided multi-sample needle with a slanted bore. The compartmentalized, hard shell collection tray is not a component of the evacuated tube system for venipuncture.

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138. If tests require serim rather than a plasma, a tube with what color top should be drawn?

Explanation

If tests require serum instead of plasma, a tube with a red top should be drawn. This is because the red top tube contains a clot activator and a gel separator, which helps in the separation of serum from the blood cells. The clot activator promotes blood clotting, allowing the serum to be separated from the clotted blood. Therefore, using a tube with a red top is necessary to obtain serum for the tests that require it.

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139. The use if a chemical procedure to destory all microbial life including highly resistant bacterial endospores is called __________.

Explanation

Sterilization is the correct answer because it refers to the process of completely eliminating all forms of microbial life, including highly resistant bacterial endospores. This process is typically achieved through the use of chemical procedures or physical methods, ensuring the complete destruction or removal of all microorganisms. Disinfection, on the other hand, refers to the process of reducing the number of microorganisms to a safe level, while detoxification and acid washing are not specific to the complete elimination of microbial life.

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140. Lack of physical or mental fitness is __________.

Explanation

The term "incompetence" refers to the lack of ability, skill, or knowledge to perform a task or fulfill a role effectively. In the context of the question, it suggests that the lack of physical or mental fitness hinders a person's ability to carry out their responsibilities or duties competently. The other options, such as malpractice, obesity, and negligence, do not directly relate to the concept of lacking physical or mental fitness.

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141. The term asepsis literally means __________.

Explanation

The term "asepsis" literally means without bacteria. Asepsis refers to the absence or prevention of microorganisms, especially bacteria, in a sterile environment. It is a state of being free from harmful bacteria or other microorganisms that can cause infections or diseases.

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142. Do not draw blood __________ an intravenous infusion.

Explanation

During an intravenous infusion, it is important not to draw blood. Drawing blood during the infusion can interrupt the flow of medication or fluids into the bloodstream, leading to potential complications or ineffective treatment. Therefore, it is best to avoid drawing blood during an intravenous infusion to ensure the smooth administration of fluids or medication.

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143. Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of which of the following on RBCs. 

Explanation

Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of antigens on red blood cells (RBCs). Antigens are substances that can stimulate an immune response in the body. Different blood types have different antigens on their RBCs, which can cause a reaction if incompatible blood types are mixed during a transfusion. Antibodies, chemicals, and hormones are not directly involved in determining blood types.

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144. Which test requires a 24 hour urine specimen? 

Explanation

The correct answer is Creatnine Clearance. Creatnine Clearance is a test that measures the amount of creatinine, a waste product, in a 24-hour urine specimen. This test is used to assess kidney function and determine the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). By collecting urine for a full 24 hours, a more accurate measurement of creatinine clearance can be obtained. This test helps in diagnosing and monitoring kidney diseases.

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145. Which body plane divides the body in equal portions? 

Explanation

The midsagittal plane divides the body into equal portions because it passes through the midline of the body, creating two halves that are mirror images of each other. This plane divides the body into left and right halves, ensuring that both sides are symmetrical.

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146. The Good Samaritan Law allows health care workers to provide medical care above and beyond their normal field without being sued. 

Explanation

The Good Samaritan Law does not specifically apply to health care workers, but rather to any individual who provides emergency medical care in good faith. It protects these individuals from being sued for any damages that may occur while providing such care. Therefore, the statement that the law allows health care workers to provide medical care above and beyond their normal field without being sued is false.

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147. Which lab sectioin would analyze the C&S test? 

Explanation

The lab section that would analyze the C&S test is microbiology. This is because the C&S test stands for culture and sensitivity test, which is used to identify the specific bacteria causing an infection and determine which antibiotics will be effective in treating it. Microbiology is the branch of science that deals with the study of microorganisms, including bacteria, and their effects on humans. Therefore, microbiology is the appropriate lab section to analyze the C&S test.

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148. How many times should a red top tube be inverted? 

Explanation

A red top tube is used for collecting blood samples without any additives. Inverting the tube helps in mixing the blood with any clot activators present in the tube. However, a red top tube does not require any inversion as it does not contain any clot activators. Therefore, the correct answer is 0.

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149. Squeezing the finger too vigorously during the capillary bloood collection can cause erroneous lab results due to

Explanation

Squeezing the finger too vigorously during capillary blood collection can cause erroneous lab results due to dilution with tissue fluid. When excessive pressure is applied, it can cause the release of fluid from the surrounding tissues into the blood sample, leading to inaccurate results. This dilution can affect the concentration of analytes in the blood, potentially leading to false readings. Therefore, it is important to apply gentle pressure during capillary blood collection to avoid dilution with tissue fluid and ensure accurate lab results.

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150. Which tube does not contain EDTA?

Explanation

The mottled green and gray topped tubes do not contain EDTA. This is because EDTA is commonly used as an anticoagulant in blood collection tubes to prevent clotting. The lavender tube tops, pink plastic top tubes with special blood bank patient ID labels, and pearl top tubes with thixotropic gel separator are all examples of tubes that typically contain EDTA as an anticoagulant.

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151.  Which of the following specimens are least likely to require special handling?

Explanation

Cholesterol and Uric Acid are least likely to require special handling because they are stable and do not degrade easily during transportation or storage. Unlike other specimens mentioned, such as Bilirubin and Folate, Gastrin and Lactic Acid, and Homocystine and Renin, Cholesterol and Uric Acid can be handled using standard laboratory procedures without the need for special precautions or specialized equipment.

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152. According to CLSI which tube is filled last when using a syringe? 

Explanation

EDTA is filled last when using a syringe according to CLSI.

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153. Which tube is sometimes called a serum separator tube? 

Explanation

A red/gray tube is sometimes called a serum separator tube. This type of tube contains a gel or clot activator that helps to separate the serum from the blood cells during the process of centrifugation. The red top indicates that it does not contain any anticoagulant, while the gray stopper indicates the presence of a gel separator. This tube is commonly used for various blood tests that require the collection of serum, such as chemistry panels or lipid profiles.

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154. What tube is used for ESR? 

Explanation

Lavender tube is used for ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) testing. ESR is a blood test that measures the rate at which red blood cells settle at the bottom of a tube over a certain period of time. The lavender tube contains an anticoagulant called EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), which helps prevent blood from clotting during the test. This allows accurate measurement of the sedimentation rate, which can be an indicator of inflammation or certain medical conditions.

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155. Cortisol peaks late in the afternoon. 

Explanation

Cortisol actually peaks in the morning, not in the afternoon. This hormone is part of the body's natural stress response system and helps to regulate energy levels throughout the day. Cortisol levels are typically highest in the early morning, around 8-9 am, and gradually decrease throughout the day. By the late afternoon, cortisol levels are usually lower than they were in the morning. Therefore, the statement that cortisol peaks late in the afternoon is false.

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156. The relaxing phase of the cardiac cycle is:bradycardia 

Explanation

Diastole refers to the relaxing phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart muscles are at rest and the chambers of the heart fill with blood. During diastole, the heart relaxes and expands, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the ventricles. This phase is essential for the heart to replenish oxygen and nutrients and prepare for the next contraction. Bradycardia, systole, and infarction are not related to the relaxing phase of the cardiac cycle.

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157. The ability of the body to achieve "steady state". 

Explanation

Homeostasis refers to the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. It involves various physiological processes that work together to regulate body temperature, pH levels, blood sugar levels, and other important variables within a narrow range. This balance is crucial for the proper functioning of cells, tissues, and organs. Anabolism and catabolism are metabolic processes involved in the synthesis and breakdown of molecules, while hemostasis refers to the process of blood clotting.

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158. Repeated venipuncture in the same vein can cause: 

Explanation

Repeated venipuncture in the same vein can cause phlebitis, which is inflammation of the vein. This inflammation can occur due to the trauma caused by multiple needle insertions, leading to irritation and swelling of the vein. Phlebitis can cause pain, redness, and warmth at the site of venipuncture, and if left untreated, it can progress to more serious complications such as blood clots or infection. Therefore, it is important to avoid repeated venipuncture in the same vein to prevent the development of phlebitis.

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159.  How many times should a light-blue tube be inverted?

Explanation

The light-blue tube should be inverted 3-4 times. This means that the tube should be turned upside down and then returned to its original position, repeating this action 3 to 4 times. This is likely a specific instruction for a scientific or medical procedure involving the tube.

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160. What are the 3 components of a urinalysis? 

Explanation

A urinalysis consists of three main components: physical, chemical, and microscopic exams. The physical exam involves assessing the color, clarity, and specific gravity of the urine. The chemical exam involves testing for the presence of various substances such as glucose, protein, and blood in the urine. The microscopic exam involves examining the urine sample under a microscope to identify and quantify the presence of cells, bacteria, crystals, and other substances. These three components together provide a comprehensive analysis of the urine sample and help in diagnosing various urinary tract disorders and diseases.

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161. The internal space of a blood vessel 

Explanation

The correct answer is lumen. The lumen refers to the internal space or cavity of a blood vessel. It is the hollow area through which blood flows. The lumen is surrounded by the vessel wall, which is composed of layers of cells and tissues. It is important for the lumen to have an adequate size and shape to allow for the smooth passage of blood and maintain proper blood flow.

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162. Which of the following legally enforces the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard?

Explanation

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) legally enforces the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard. OSHA is responsible for ensuring safe and healthy working conditions by setting and enforcing standards, including the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard, which aims to protect workers from exposure to bloodborne pathogens such as HIV and Hepatitis B. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) is primarily responsible for regulating food, drugs, and medical devices. The CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) provides guidance and recommendations for preventing the spread of diseases, while the Joint Commission accredits and certifies healthcare organizations.

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163. How many hours before a blood test should a patient discontinue the use of medications known to interfere with blood tests? 

Explanation

Patients should discontinue the use of medications known to interfere with blood tests 4-24 hours before the test. This is because certain medications can affect the results of blood tests, and it takes some time for the body to eliminate these medications from the system. Stopping the use of these medications within this time frame allows for accurate blood test results.

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164. The smallest veins of the human anatomy are known as_____

Explanation

Venules are the smallest veins in the human anatomy. Veins are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Venules are smaller branches that connect the capillaries to the larger veins. Capillaries, on the other hand, are the smallest blood vessels in the body and are responsible for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, while arterioles are smaller branches that connect the arteries to the capillaries. Therefore, venules are the correct answer as they are specifically referred to as the smallest veins.

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165. Which of these elements in blood is bound by EDTA in a collection tube to prevent clotting?

Explanation

EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a chelating agent commonly used in blood collection tubes to prevent clotting. It works by binding to calcium ions in the blood, which are essential for the coagulation cascade. By removing calcium, EDTA inhibits the activation of clotting factors and prevents the formation of blood clots. Therefore, the correct answer is calcium.

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166. The health care worker is protected by law if it can be determined that he or she acted as expected when compared with fellow workers. This is called __________.

Explanation

The concept of "reasonable care" refers to the legal standard that determines whether a person has acted responsibly and prudently in a given situation. In the context of the question, if a health care worker can demonstrate that their actions were in line with what would be expected from their colleagues in a similar situation, they can be protected by law. This means that as long as the health care worker acted reasonably and in accordance with the standards of their profession, they will not be held liable for any potential harm or negligence.

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167. Which is the best tube for collecting an ethanol specimen? 

Explanation

Sodium fluoride is the best tube for collecting an ethanol specimen. This is because sodium fluoride acts as a preservative and inhibits the growth of microorganisms in the specimen, preventing any potential contamination. It also prevents the breakdown of ethanol in the specimen, ensuring accurate and reliable test results.

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168. Why does a multi sample needle have a rubber sleeve over the end of the needle that is inserted into the collection tube?

Explanation

The rubber sleeve on the end of the needle is inserted into the collection tube to prevent blood from seeping into the adapter. This is important because if blood were to enter the adapter, it could contaminate the sample and potentially affect the accuracy of test results. The rubber sleeve acts as a barrier, ensuring that only the intended amount of blood is collected and preventing any leakage or seepage.

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169. This organization develops standards for specimen handling and processing

Explanation

CLSI, also known as the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, is an organization that develops standards for specimen handling and processing. They provide guidelines and recommendations for laboratories to ensure accurate and reliable testing procedures. These standards help to improve the quality of laboratory testing and ensure patient safety. The CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) focuses on public health and disease prevention, while CLIA (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments) is a regulatory body that oversees laboratory testing. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) regulates and approves medical devices and drugs.

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170. The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the systemic circulation 

Explanation

The right atrium is the chamber of the heart that receives blood from the systemic circulation. After circulating through the body, oxygen-depleted blood returns to the heart via the superior and inferior vena cava, and enters the right atrium. From there, the blood is then pumped into the right ventricle and eventually sent to the lungs for oxygenation.

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171. To draw blood from  apatient with an open IV line the selected site should be located _____

Explanation

To draw blood from a patient with an open IV line, the selected site should be located above the IV. This is because drawing blood below the IV could cause contamination of the blood sample with IV fluids, leading to inaccurate test results. Drawing blood in the IV tubing would also be incorrect as it may introduce air bubbles or cause damage to the tubing. The antecubital fossa is a common site for drawing blood, but in this case, it is important to choose a site above the IV to ensure the integrity of the blood sample.

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172. The purpose of an antiglycolotic agent is 

Explanation

An antiglycolytic agent is used to preserve glucose. This means that it prevents the breakdown of glucose in the body, allowing it to be available for energy production. By preserving glucose, the agent ensures that there is an adequate supply of this essential fuel for the body's cells and tissues. This is important for maintaining normal physiological functions and preventing hypoglycemia, which can have serious consequences for the body.

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173. Which represents the proper order of blood flow? 

Explanation

The proper order of blood flow starts from arterioles, which are small branches of arteries, then flows into capillaries, which are tiny blood vessels where gas exchange occurs, and finally into venules, which are small veins. This is the correct sequence of blood flow in the circulatory system.

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174. A red top tube is usualy drawn for which lab department? 

Explanation

A red top tube is usually drawn for the chemistry lab department because it is commonly used for collecting blood samples for various chemistry tests. These tests typically measure the levels of different chemicals and substances in the blood, such as glucose, electrolytes, and liver enzymes. The red top tube contains no additives and is used to collect blood for serum separation, which is necessary for many chemistry tests.

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175. Which of the following are types of tourniquets used in specimen collection?

Explanation

A pliable strap is a type of tourniquet used in specimen collection. Tourniquets are used to restrict blood flow, making it easier to locate veins for blood collection. Velcro and blood pressure cuffs are not specifically designed as tourniquets for specimen collection purposes. Therefore, the correct answer is pliable strap, as it is a type of tourniquet commonly used in specimen collection procedures.

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176. Which of the following conditions would stop a phlebotomist from drawing blood from a patient's vein?

Explanation

The presence of an IV in the opposite arm would prevent a phlebotomist from drawing blood from a patient's vein. This is because the IV can cause complications such as infection, clotting, or interference with the accuracy of the blood sample. It is important to avoid drawing blood from an arm with an IV to ensure patient safety and accurate test results.

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177. Glass particle in serum seperator tubes 

Explanation

Glass particles in serum separator tubes enhance clotting. When a blood sample is collected in a serum separator tube, the tube contains a gel or glass particles that help to separate the serum from the blood cells during centrifugation. The glass particles activate the clotting process by providing a surface for the clotting factors to interact with, resulting in faster and more efficient clot formation. This enhances the clotting process and allows for better separation of serum from the blood cells.

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178. Arterioles, the smallest arteries, subdivide into __________.

Explanation

Arterioles, the smallest arteries, subdivide into venules. Venules are small blood vessels that collect blood from capillaries and carry it back to the veins. This process allows for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues.

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179. Arteries have valves that prevent the blood from flowing back. 

Explanation

Arteries do not have valves that prevent blood from flowing back. Valves are present in veins, not arteries. Veins have valves to ensure that blood flows in one direction, towards the heart, and to prevent backflow. Arteries, on the other hand, have thicker walls and are responsible for carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.

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180. Which blood vessel is NOT part of systemic circulation? 

Explanation

The pulmonary artery is not part of systemic circulation because it carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. Systemic circulation, on the other hand, involves the circulation of oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body through the arteries, capillaries, and veins.

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181. Which element prevents glycolysis?

Explanation

Potassium oxalate prevents glycolysis. Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate to produce energy. Potassium oxalate acts as a glycolysis inhibitor by inhibiting the enzyme enolase, which is necessary for the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate. This inhibition prevents the continuation of glycolysis and the production of energy from glucose.

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182. Fluid aspirated from the peritoneal cavity. 

Explanation

Ascites refers to the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, which is the space between the abdominal organs. This condition is often associated with liver disease, heart failure, or certain types of cancer. The fluid can be aspirated, or removed, from the peritoneal cavity using a needle and syringe for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Therefore, the correct answer is ascites.

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183. Within the capillaries, blood cells __________.

Explanation

Within the capillaries, blood cells give away oxygen to the surrounding tissues. Capillaries are tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. Oxygen-rich blood from the arteries is transported to the capillaries, where it comes into close contact with the body's cells. Through a process called diffusion, oxygen molecules move from the blood cells into the tissues, providing them with the oxygen they need for cellular respiration. This allows the cells to produce energy. Therefore, the correct answer is "give away oxygen."

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184. One bedside (point of care) laboratory test that is used before surgery to check whether a patient has a sufficient number of working platelets is known as the ___ test.

Explanation

Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) is a bedside laboratory test used before surgery to check if a patient has an adequate number of functioning platelets. PTT measures the time it takes for blood to clot, specifically the intrinsic pathway of the coagulation cascade. It evaluates the effectiveness of factors involved in clot formation, including platelets. By assessing PTT, medical professionals can determine if a patient is at risk of excessive bleeding during surgery due to platelet dysfunction or deficiency. Therefore, PTT is the correct test to assess platelet function before surgery.

Submit
185. The rubber sleve (at the end opposite the needle tip) on an evacuated tube needle makes it possible for use with __________.

Explanation

The rubber sleeve on the evacuated tube needle allows for sterile technique because it helps to prevent contamination of the needle and the sample being collected. This sleeve acts as a barrier between the needle and the external environment, reducing the risk of introducing bacteria or other contaminants into the sample. This is particularly important when collecting samples for laboratory testing, as maintaining sterility is crucial for accurate and reliable results.

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186. The tube to collect whole blood with an EDTA additive in it has a __________ stopper.

Explanation



The tube to collect whole blood with an EDTA additive in it has a lavender stopper. Lavender stoppered tubes are commonly used for hematology tests because the EDTA acts as an anticoagulant, preventing the blood from clotting.
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An open wound can be a portal of entry in an infection...
Confirming an outpatients name and _____ provides two important...
After drawing blood from a patient, the phlebotomist should dispose of...
Which of the following causes AIDS?
If a patient refuses treatment you should 
The single, most important way to prevent the spread of infection...
A tube adapter that has been visibly contaminated with blood should be...
Latex sensitivity is an allergic reaction. 
Which is not a PPE? 
When performing a routine skin puncture, the site should be alcohol...
The most important step in the performance of a venipuncture is
The heart, lymphatic organs, and blood vessels are in the __________.
Chemicals that precent blood from clotting are called __________.
Because bacteria and other microorganisms can be found anywhere, all...
When entering a room marked with isolation signs, __________.
 A patient in the Oncology Dept. is probably being treated for...
Before performing a venipuncture, why will a phlebotomist tie a...
Can a phlebotomist legally draw blood from a fully cognizant (awake...
The study of blood is called __________.
The proper way to insert a needle is with the bevel facing...
What is the most important step in preventing infections? 
The process by which an object or area becomes unclean is known as...
Which additive is usually in a lavender tube? 
The first drop of blood in a capillary puncture is the best for...
Paul phlebotomist draws CBC on patient fred jones , labels the...
Which is not an infection control method?
Microorganisms that cause diseases
If the information of the patients id breacelet is NOT identical to...
Which of the following is the single most common source of HIV and HBV...
When using evacuated tubes for blood collection, it is crucial to...
A possible cause of tube breakage during centrifugation might be...
In a routine blolod draw the red tube is drawn before the green...
In a routine venipuncture the lavender tube should be drawn before the...
Which of these needle has the smallest bore or diameter?
The hands of the phlebotomist should be washed _________
Which of the following is not known to transmit HIV?
A violation of a person's right to have his or her name,...
OSHA requires training and educational information on bloodborne...
Which tube is drawn last in a standard venipuncture procedure? 
Safe working conditions for employees are regulated by __________.
In health care, when all evaluated services and results compate within...
The following were collected for a routine venipuncture.  Which...
 Which is used for PT and PTT?
Which needle has the largest gauge? 
 Lavender, Yellow and Green tubes should all be inverted 8 times...
A complete blood count (CBC) is collected in an evacuated tube with...
The body system the filters blood to eliminate waste, helps maintain...
To collect blood without an addititve use an evacuated tube with a ___...
Veins are located deeper than arteries.
 A clean catch test is collected in a:
Taking aspirin is most likely going to effect a BT test. 
OSHA requires that health care professionals receive a vaccine...
 Sodium Citrate is the additive in which tube?
If a glass tube breaks during centrifugation, what sequence of actions...
Treating all specimens as if they are hazardous and infectionsis the...
What information must be included if the phlebotomist must manually...
Eating and drinking are permissible in a laboratory setting...
There is a 9 to 1 ratio nof blood to anticoagulant in a light...
A green top tube usually contains 
The following is a test of the respiratory system 
When using two glass slides to make a blood smear, the reccomended...
When a 5 millimeter evacuated tube appears to extract blood with too...
Characteristics of capillaries include __________.
Sodium Citrate have what color stoppers? 
The hormone detected in a positive pregnancy test is 
When the body has adequate rest and no food for 12 hours it is said to...
Medical Asepsis is the destruction of pathogens outside the...
Negligence by a professional person is called __________.
Diastolic pressure is __________.
Glycolysis occurs faster in newborns. 
 The left ventricle delivers oxygenated blood to the aorta.
POC testing is done _____________. 
The additive in a pink tube is: 
Treating ALL lab specimens as if they are hazardous and infectious is...
The tissue that covers and protects the body is __________.
A tube containing sodium citrate as an additive is the...
Failing to provide reasonable standards of care causing...
Which is not true off WBCs? 
Sputum is collected to diagnose 
If someone is cyanotic their skin may appear ____________. 
Infections that can be spread from person to person are called...
Vigorous mixing can activate platelet and shorten clotting...
Serum is depleted of fibrogen. 
Which test must be performed on whole blood? 
A group of tests collected as one unit: 
All patients are presumed to be infectious for ___________. 
To collect blood for a prothrombin time test, use an eacuated tube...
Capillary blood sampling may be used if the laboratory tests require...
Lipemic bloodserum appears: 
Another name for blood in the urine: 
A CBC would be sent to what lab section? 
Lavender tubes must be 2/3 full. 
Whic of these is a common component of disinfectant solutions used for...
Drugs used to destroy or kill bacteria that cause disease, are called...
Common syptoms of shock include all of the following except...
When collecting a Blood culture with a butterfly into culture bottles,...
Which test may require a chain of custody? 
A drug known to interfere with urine tests should be discontinued...
Which is NOT a common symptom of shock? 
The venipuncture site should be cleansed in a circular motion from the...
When the heart is contracting, the pressure is highest. This...
Consent to treament based upon full understanging of all possible...
What causes vacuum tubes to fill with blood? 
Bacteria and parasites belong to which type of hazard? 
The color of normal serum is usually __________.
Red and white blood cell counts are examples of __________ tests.
Veins have thinner walls than arteries. 
The first tube collected with a butterfly will underfill due to air in...
Oxygen-poor blood enters the heart througfh the right atrium. 
Which is a test of the urinary system? 
Always recap your needle before putting it into the sharps...
Light blue tubes must be ____ full. 
Invert a gray tube __________ times. 
The branch of study of moral issues, questions and problems arising in...
Lymph originates from 
At what intervals should blood be blotted during a bleeding time...
The most common source of carry over problems is EDTA. 
Touching someone without permission is called____________. 
Sodium Fluoride preserves glucose for how many days? 
How many minutes does normal coagulation take in a red topped...
What tube is used for a WCB differential? 
Which tube can be used to collect blood for a type and...
Capillary puncture reference ranges are higher for this analyte. 
If an infant is screaming during a CBC test the  
When serum is _________ it is a clue that the patient is not...
Which should not be done during vein selection? 
Test for this dept. are usually collected in a light blue tube. 
What is the first link in the chain of infection? 
The heart disorder characterized by fluid buildup in...
Capillary puncture blood most closely resembles ____________. 
What gauge multi-sample needle is considered to be standard? 
Which of the following is the best definition of destruction of...
When someone is in shock you should keep them cool. 
OSHA requires training and educational info be given to phlebotomists...
The most critical aspect of blood culture collection is 
An example of a nosocomial infection is 
An evacuated tube system for venipuncture consists of  ALL BUT...
If tests require serim rather than a plasma, a tube with what color...
The use if a chemical procedure to destory all microbial life...
Lack of physical or mental fitness is __________.
The term asepsis literally means __________.
Do not draw blood __________ an intravenous infusion.
Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of which of the...
Which test requires a 24 hour urine specimen? 
Which body plane divides the body in equal portions? 
The Good Samaritan Law allows health care workers to provide...
Which lab sectioin would analyze the C&S test? 
How many times should a red top tube be inverted? 
Squeezing the finger too vigorously during the capillary bloood...
Which tube does not contain EDTA?
 Which of the following specimens are least likely to require...
According to CLSI which tube is filled last when using a...
Which tube is sometimes called a serum separator tube? 
What tube is used for ESR? 
Cortisol peaks late in the afternoon. 
The relaxing phase of the cardiac cycle is:bradycardia 
The ability of the body to achieve "steady state". 
Repeated venipuncture in the same vein can cause: 
 How many times should a light-blue tube be inverted?
What are the 3 components of a urinalysis? 
The internal space of a blood vessel 
Which of the following legally enforces the Bloodborne Pathogen...
How many hours before a blood test should a patient discontinue the...
The smallest veins of the human anatomy are known as_____
Which of these elements in blood is bound by EDTA in a collection tube...
The health care worker is protected by law if it can be determined...
Which is the best tube for collecting an ethanol specimen? 
Why does a multi sample needle have a rubber sleeve over the end of...
This organization develops standards for specimen handling and...
The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the systemic...
To draw blood from  apatient with an open IV line the selected...
The purpose of an antiglycolotic agent is 
Which represents the proper order of blood flow? 
A red top tube is usualy drawn for which lab department? 
Which of the following are types of tourniquets used in specimen...
Which of the following conditions would stop a phlebotomist from...
Glass particle in serum seperator tubes 
Arterioles, the smallest arteries, subdivide into __________.
Arteries have valves that prevent the blood from flowing...
Which blood vessel is NOT part of systemic circulation? 
Which element prevents glycolysis?
Fluid aspirated from the peritoneal cavity. 
Within the capillaries, blood cells __________.
One bedside (point of care) laboratory test that is used before...
The rubber sleve (at the end opposite the needle tip) on an evacuated...
The tube to collect whole blood with an EDTA additive in it has a...
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