Phlebotomy State Exam Quiz - 186

OSHA, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, requires health care professionals to receive a vaccine for HBV, which stands for Hepatitis B Virus. This is because HBV can be transmitted through exposure to blood or other bodily fluids, and health care professionals are at a higher risk of coming into contact with these fluids in their line of work. Vaccination helps protect them from contracting and spreading the virus.

Sodium Citrate is the additive used in the light blue tube.

In the event of a glass tube breaking during centrifugation, the best sequence of actions would be to stop the centrifuge first to prevent any further damage or injury. Then, open the lid carefully to access the broken glass. Using forceps to remove any glass shards is recommended to avoid direct contact and potential injuries. This approach prioritizes safety by minimizing the risk of injury and effectively removing the broken glass from the centrifuge.

The phlebotomist must manually label a blood collection tube from an outpatient with the patient's full name and phlebotomist initials, the date of the patient's birth and/or social security number, and the date and time of the draw.

Eating and drinking are only allowed in designated clean areas in a laboratory setting. This is because laboratories often contain hazardous materials, chemicals, and equipment that can pose a risk to food and beverages. By confining eating and drinking to designated clean areas, the risk of contamination and accidents can be minimized, ensuring the safety of the laboratory environment and the individuals working in it.

Veins are not located deeper than arteries. In fact, arteries are deeper in the body compared to veins. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body, and they are typically found deeper within the tissues. Veins, on the other hand, carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and are often located closer to the surface of the body.

In a light blue tube, there is a 9 to 1 ratio of blood to anticoagulant. This means that for every 9 parts of blood, there is 1 part of anticoagulant in the tube. This ratio is important because it helps prevent the blood from clotting during testing or analysis. Having the correct ratio ensures that the blood sample remains in a liquid state and can be accurately analyzed. Therefore, the statement is true.

A green top tube usually contains heparin. Heparin is an anticoagulant that prevents blood from clotting. It is commonly used for tests that require plasma instead of serum, as heparin prevents the formation of blood clots during the collection process.

ABGs stands for Arterial Blood Gases, which is a test used to measure the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, as well as the pH and bicarbonate levels. This test helps to assess the respiratory function and acid-base balance in the body. It is commonly used to diagnose and monitor conditions such as respiratory failure, lung diseases, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, ABGs is a test specifically related to the respiratory system.

When making a blood smear using two glass slides, it is recommended to have an angle of contact of approximately 30 degrees. This angle allows for an even and thin distribution of the blood sample on the slide, making it easier to observe under a microscope. A steeper angle may result in a thicker smear, while a shallower angle may lead to an uneven distribution of the blood cells. Therefore, a 30-degree angle is ideal for creating a well-prepared blood smear.

When a 5 millimeter evacuated tube appears to extract blood with too much force from a weak vein (causing the vein to collapse), using a pediatric sized tube might yield better results. A pediatric sized tube has a smaller diameter compared to a regular tube, which means it exerts less suction force on the vein. This can prevent the collapse of the weak vein and enable a successful blood extraction.

Malpractice refers to the negligence or misconduct by a professional person, such as a doctor, lawyer, or accountant, in the course of their professional duties. It involves a breach of the standard of care expected from them, resulting in harm or injury to their client or patient. This term is commonly used in the context of medical malpractice, where a healthcare professional fails to provide the appropriate standard of care, causing harm to the patient.

The basis for treating all specimens as if they are hazardous and infections is universal precautions. Universal precautions refer to the practice of treating all patients and specimens as if they are infectious, regardless of their actual infectious status. This approach ensures the safety of healthcare workers and minimizes the risk of transmission of infections.

Capillaries are thin-walled blood vessels that form microscopic pathways, connecting arterioles (small arteries) with venules (small veins). These characteristics allow capillaries to facilitate the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as all the listed characteristics accurately describe capillaries.

Sodium Citrate has light blue stoppers.

The hormone detected in a positive pregnancy test is HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin). HCG is produced by the placenta after implantation occurs, and its presence in the urine or blood confirms pregnancy. It is the hormone responsible for maintaining the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone to support the pregnancy. HCG levels increase rapidly in the early stages of pregnancy and can be detected by a pregnancy test.

When the body has been at rest and has not consumed any food for a period of 12 hours, it is said to be in a basal state. The basal state refers to the body's resting metabolic rate, which is the energy expenditure required to maintain basic bodily functions such as breathing, circulation, and cell production. During this state, the body is not actively digesting or metabolizing food, and it relies on stored energy sources to meet its energy needs.

Medical Asepsis refers to the practices and techniques used to prevent the spread of pathogens in healthcare settings. It involves the destruction of pathogens outside the body through various means such as disinfection and sterilization. This helps to create a clean and safe environment, reducing the risk of infection transmission. Therefore, the statement that Medical Asepsis is the destruction of pathogens outside the body is true.

Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down into pyruvate to produce energy. It is the main pathway for energy production in newborns because they rely heavily on glucose as a fuel source. The enzymes involved in glycolysis are more active in newborns, leading to a faster rate of glycolysis compared to adults. This increased glycolytic activity allows newborns to efficiently generate energy for growth and development. Therefore, the statement that glycolysis occurs faster in newborns is true.

The left ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood from the heart into the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body. This oxygenated blood is then distributed to the rest of the body, providing oxygen and nutrients to the various organs and tissues. Therefore, the statement that the left ventricle delivers oxygenated blood to the aorta is true.

POC testing is done at the patient's bed because it allows for immediate results and faster decision-making. This type of testing eliminates the need for samples to be sent to a medical lab, reducing the turnaround time for results. By conducting the test at the patient's bedside, healthcare professionals can quickly assess the patient's condition and provide appropriate treatment without delay. This approach is particularly useful in emergency situations or when frequent monitoring is required.

EDTA is the correct additive in a pink tube. EDTA stands for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, which is a chelating agent that binds calcium ions and prevents clotting of blood samples. It is commonly used in hematology tests and is suitable for most routine tests, including complete blood count (CBC) and blood typing. EDTA is preferred over other additives like heparin or SPS in pink tubes because it does not interfere with the accuracy of test results.

Diastolic pressure refers to the bottom number of blood pressure readings. Blood pressure is measured using two numbers: the top number, known as systolic pressure, represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats and pumps blood, while the bottom number, diastolic pressure, represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats. Therefore, the correct answer is "the bottom number of blood pressure readings."

Epithelial tissue is the correct answer because it covers and protects the body. Epithelial tissue is found on the outer surface of the body as well as lining the internal organs and cavities. It acts as a barrier, protecting underlying tissues and organs from damage, dehydration, and infection. Epithelial tissue also plays a role in absorption, secretion, and sensation.

Sputum is collected to diagnose tuberculosis because it is a respiratory disease that primarily affects the lungs. Sputum, which is the mucus or phlegm that is coughed up from the respiratory tract, can contain the bacteria that cause tuberculosis. By analyzing the sputum, doctors can determine if a person has been infected with tuberculosis and can prescribe appropriate treatment.

Negligence refers to the failure to provide reasonable standards of care, resulting in someone suffering an injury. It is a legal term used to describe a situation where a person or entity fails to exercise the level of care that a reasonable person would have in similar circumstances. Negligence can occur in various contexts, such as medical malpractice, car accidents, or slip and fall incidents. It is a key concept in tort law, which deals with civil wrongs and liabilities.

Treating ALL lab specimens as if they are hazardous and infectious is the basis for universal precautions. Universal precautions refer to a set of infection control practices that healthcare workers follow to prevent the transmission of diseases. By assuming that all lab specimens are potentially hazardous and infectious, healthcare workers take necessary precautions such as wearing personal protective equipment, practicing proper hand hygiene, and using appropriate containment measures. This approach helps protect both healthcare workers and patients from the risk of infection, regardless of the known status of the specimen.

Infections that can be spread from person to person are called communicable. This term refers to diseases that can be transmitted through direct contact, such as respiratory droplets or bodily fluids, or indirectly through contaminated objects or surfaces. Communicable diseases can include common illnesses like the flu or cold, as well as more serious infections like tuberculosis or HIV. It is important to understand and take necessary precautions to prevent the spread of communicable diseases in order to protect public health.

The blue tube top is used for blood collection with sodium citrate as an additive. Sodium citrate is commonly used as an anticoagulant in blood samples for coagulation testing. The blue color of the tube helps to easily identify the tube with sodium citrate additive.

The statement "they are all the same size and shape" is not true for WBCs. White blood cells, or leukocytes, come in different sizes and shapes depending on their type and function. For example, neutrophils are larger with multi-lobed nuclei, while lymphocytes are smaller with round nuclei. This variation in size and shape allows different types of WBCs to perform their specific roles in the immune system.

If someone is cyanotic, it means that there is a lack of oxygen in their blood. This can cause their skin to appear bluish in color.

In this context, a group of tests collected as one unit is commonly referred to as a "profile." This term is often used in medical testing, where a profile may include multiple tests that are relevant to a specific condition or set of symptoms. The term "group" could also be used, but "profile" is more specific and accurately describes the collection of tests.

Capillary blood sampling is used when laboratory tests require very little blood. This method involves pricking the skin with a lancet to obtain a small sample of blood from the capillaries near the surface of the skin. It is commonly used for tests that require small amounts of blood, such as blood glucose monitoring or certain point-of-care tests. Capillary blood sampling is less invasive and more convenient compared to venous blood sampling, making it suitable for situations where only a small volume of blood is needed.

Vigorous mixing can activate platelets and shorten clotting times because it helps to distribute clotting factors and enzymes more evenly throughout the blood. This increased distribution allows for a faster and more efficient clotting process.

The statement "Serum is depleted of fibrogen" is true. Fibrogen is a protein involved in blood clotting, and serum is the liquid part of blood without clotting factors. Therefore, serum does not contain fibrogen.

Hematuria is another name for blood in the urine. It is a medical condition characterized by the presence of red blood cells in the urine, which gives it a reddish or pinkish color. Hematuria can be caused by various factors such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, bladder or kidney infections, trauma, or certain medical conditions like kidney disease or cancer. It is important to identify the underlying cause of hematuria as it can be a sign of a more serious underlying health issue.

All patients are presumed to be infectious for blood borne pathogens. This means that healthcare professionals must take precautions to prevent the transmission of diseases that can be spread through blood, such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. This presumption ensures that healthcare workers are always taking the necessary steps to protect themselves and others from potential infections.

The correct answer is light blue because a prothrombin time test requires the blood sample to be collected in a tube that contains sodium citrate as an anticoagulant. Light blue stoppers are commonly used for tubes containing sodium citrate, making it the appropriate choice for this test.

A complete blood count (CBC) is a test that must be performed on whole blood. This test provides information about the different components of blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It can help diagnose various conditions such as anemia, infections, and blood disorders. By analyzing the CBC results, healthcare professionals can assess a person's overall health and identify any abnormalities or imbalances in their blood.

Lipemic blood serum appears milky due to the presence of high levels of lipids (fats) in the serum. This can be caused by various factors such as a high-fat diet, obesity, certain medications, or certain medical conditions like hyperlipidemia or diabetes. The milky appearance is a result of the scattering of light by the lipid particles suspended in the serum, giving it a cloudy or turbid appearance. Lipemic serum can interfere with laboratory tests and may need to be clarified before accurate results can be obtained.

The correct answer is True. Lavender tubes must be 2/3 full. This means that when collecting blood samples, the lavender tubes should be filled to about two-thirds of their total capacity. This is important because it ensures that there is enough blood for the tests to be conducted accurately, while also leaving enough space for proper mixing of the blood with anticoagulants or additives present in the tube. Filling the lavender tubes to the appropriate level is a standard procedure in blood collection to ensure reliable and accurate test results.

When performing a venipuncture, it is important to cleanse the site properly to minimize the risk of infection. Cleansing the site in a circular motion from the center to the periphery ensures that any dirt or bacteria is pushed away from the puncture site. This technique helps to maintain the cleanliness of the site and reduces the chances of introducing contaminants into the bloodstream. Therefore, the correct answer is periphery.

Assumption of risk refers to the concept of a patient consenting to a medical treatment with full understanding of all the potential risks and unpreventable outcomes that may occur as a result. This means that the patient acknowledges and accepts the potential negative consequences and agrees to proceed with the treatment despite this knowledge. It is a legal defense that healthcare professionals can use if a patient experiences complications or adverse effects from a treatment that were fully disclosed and understood by the patient beforehand.

Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when there is insufficient blood flow to the body's organs and tissues. Common symptoms of shock include pale skin, increased shallow breathing rate, and weak pulse. However, temperature is not typically considered a common symptom of shock. This is because shock primarily affects the circulatory system and does not directly impact body temperature regulation. Therefore, temperature is the correct answer as it is not typically associated with the symptoms of shock.

When collecting a blood culture with a butterfly into culture bottles, the aerobic bottle is filled first. This is because aerobic bacteria require oxygen to grow, so by filling the aerobic bottle first, it ensures that the bacteria have access to oxygen. The anaerobic bottle is filled second, as anaerobic bacteria do not require oxygen to grow.

A drug screen may require a chain of custody because it is a process that involves the collection, handling, and documentation of a specimen to ensure its integrity and prevent tampering or contamination. The chain of custody is necessary to maintain the legal defensibility and reliability of the test results, especially in situations where the results may have significant consequences, such as in workplace drug testing or legal cases.

This statement suggests that if a person is taking a drug that is known to interfere with urine tests, they should stop taking it 48-72 hours before the test. This implies that the drug can still be detected in the urine even after 48-72 hours of discontinuation, indicating that it has a long half-life or is slow to clear from the body. Therefore, the statement is true.

Blinking eyes is not a common symptom of shock. Shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when there is insufficient blood flow to the body's tissues and organs. Common symptoms of shock include clammy skin, weak pulse, and shallow breathing. However, blinking eyes is not typically associated with shock.

A CBC (Complete Blood Count) is a common blood test that provides information about the different components of blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Hematology is the branch of laboratory medicine that deals with the study of blood and blood disorders. Therefore, a CBC would be sent to the hematology lab section for analysis and interpretation.

Chlorhexidine is a common component of disinfectant solutions used for the collection of blood cultures. It is a broad-spectrum antiseptic that is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Chlorhexidine is commonly used in healthcare settings for its strong antimicrobial properties and ability to reduce the risk of infection. It is often used as a pre-procedure skin disinfectant before blood collection to minimize the risk of contamination and ensure accurate test results. Methanol, glutaraldehyde, and lidocaine are not typically used as components in disinfectant solutions for blood culture collection.

Antibiotics are drugs that are specifically designed to destroy or kill bacteria that cause diseases. They work by targeting the bacteria and either inhibiting their growth or killing them completely. Disinfectants are substances used to kill microorganisms on surfaces, while germicides are agents that destroy germs. Sterilizers are devices or chemicals used to kill all forms of microbial life. Therefore, the correct answer is antibiotics.

During the contraction of the heart, blood is pumped out into the arteries, resulting in an increase in pressure. This maximum pressure exerted on the arterial walls is known as systolic pressure. It represents the top number in a blood pressure reading and is an important indicator of the heart's ability to pump blood effectively.

Bacteria and parasites belong to the biologic hazard category because they are living organisms that can cause harm to human health. Unlike chemical or physical hazards, which can be non-living substances or conditions, biologic hazards specifically refer to the presence of microorganisms or other biological agents that can cause disease or infection.

Hematology is the study of blood and blood disorders. Red and white blood cell counts are specific tests that fall under the field of hematology. These tests are used to assess the levels of red and white blood cells in the body, which can provide important information about a person's overall health and potential medical conditions. Therefore, hematology is the correct answer for this question.

Veins have thinner walls than arteries because they are designed to carry blood back to the heart at a lower pressure. The thinner walls allow veins to expand and accommodate a larger volume of blood. In contrast, arteries have thicker walls with more muscle and elastic tissue to withstand the higher pressure of blood being pumped away from the heart.

Vacuum tubes fill with blood due to the pressure difference created by the vacuum inside the tube. When the tube is inserted into a patient's vein, the vacuum inside the tube causes blood to be drawn into the tube through the needle. This allows for the collection of a blood sample for testing or analysis.

When using a butterfly needle, there can be air trapped in the tubing. This can cause the first tube collected to be underfilled because the air takes up space in the tubing that would otherwise be filled with blood. Therefore, it is true that the first tube collected with a butterfly needle will underfill due to air in the line.

Oxygen-poor blood enters the heart through the right atrium. This is because the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava. From the right atrium, the blood then flows into the right ventricle, and eventually gets pumped to the lungs where it picks up oxygen. Therefore, the statement is true.

Creatinine clearance is a test that measures how efficiently the kidneys are filtering waste products from the blood. It is used to assess the overall function of the urinary system. Creatinine, a waste product produced by muscle metabolism, is filtered by the kidneys and excreted in urine. By measuring the levels of creatinine in both blood and urine, creatinine clearance can be calculated, providing valuable information about kidney function. This test is commonly used to diagnose and monitor conditions such as kidney disease and to adjust medication dosages in patients with impaired kidney function.

Normal serum is typically straw to yellow in color. This is because serum, which is the liquid portion of blood without the clotting factors, contains various substances such as proteins, electrolytes, and waste products. These components can contribute to the color of serum, with a straw to yellow hue being the typical range. A milky white color would indicate the presence of lipids, while clear red or hazy brown colors may suggest the presence of blood or other abnormalities.

Recapping needles before putting them into the sharps container is not recommended because it increases the risk of needlestick injuries. When recapping, there is a higher chance of accidentally puncturing oneself with the needle. Therefore, it is safer to dispose of the needle without recapping it.

The light blue tubes must be completely full. This means that there should be no empty space or gaps in the tubes. They should be filled to their maximum capacity.

Bioethics is the correct answer because it refers to the branch of study that deals with moral issues, questions, and problems that arise in the practice of medicine and biomedical research. It involves the examination and evaluation of ethical dilemmas related to healthcare, medical research, and the use of technology in healthcare. Bioethics combines principles from philosophy, ethics, and the sciences to provide guidance and ethical frameworks for healthcare professionals and researchers.

During a bleeding time test, blood should be blotted at 30-second intervals. This is because the test measures the time it takes for bleeding to stop after a small incision is made on the skin. Blotting the blood at regular intervals allows for monitoring the progression of the bleeding and helps determine when it has stopped completely. A 30-second interval allows enough time to observe any changes in the bleeding pattern and provides accurate results for the test.

EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a chelating agent commonly used in laboratory settings to bind and remove metal ions. However, if EDTA is not properly removed or neutralized, it can cause carry over problems in subsequent experiments. This is because EDTA can bind to metal ions present in samples or reagents used in the next experiment, leading to inaccurate results or interference with the intended analysis. Therefore, the statement that EDTA is the most common source of carry over problems is true.

Battery is the correct answer because it refers to the act of touching someone without their consent. It is a legal term used to describe the intentional and harmful physical contact with another person, which can be considered a violation of their personal space and rights.

Sodium fluoride preserves glucose for 3 days.

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Lymph originates from tissue fluid. Tissue fluid is the fluid that surrounds the cells in the body's tissues. It is formed when blood plasma filters out of the capillaries into the interstitial spaces. This fluid then enters the lymphatic vessels and becomes lymph. Lymph plays a crucial role in the immune system, carrying immune cells and waste products away from tissues and towards lymph nodes where they can be filtered and processed.

During vein selection, one should not have the patient pump their fist. This is because pumping the fist can cause the veins to collapse or become less visible, making it difficult to locate and access a suitable vein for the procedure.

Normal coagulation takes approximately 30-60 minutes in a red topped tube.

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The Pink top EDTA tube can be used to collect blood for a type and crossmatch. EDTA is an anticoagulant that prevents the blood from clotting, making it suitable for tests that require whole blood samples like blood typing and crossmatching. The Pink top indicates that it contains EDTA as the anticoagulant.

Capillary puncture reference ranges for glucose are higher compared to other analytes such as calcium, phosphorus, and protein. This means that the normal range for glucose levels in capillary blood is higher than the normal range for these other analytes. This could be due to various factors, such as the difference in the distribution and metabolism of glucose compared to these other substances in the body. It is important to consider these reference ranges when interpreting glucose levels obtained through capillary puncture.

If an infant is screaming during a CBC test, the stress and agitation caused by crying can lead to an increase in the number of white blood cells (WBC) in the bloodstream. This is because crying triggers the release of stress hormones, which can stimulate the production and release of WBCs from the bone marrow. Therefore, the WBC count in the CBC test may be elevated in this situation.

When serum is lipemic, it appears cloudy or milky due to the presence of high levels of lipids (fats) in the blood. This can occur when a patient is not fasting because the ingestion of fatty foods can cause an increase in lipid levels in the blood. Therefore, the presence of lipemic serum is a clue that the patient is not fasting.

The correct answer is coagulation because coagulation tests are typically collected in a light blue tube. Coagulation tests are used to evaluate the blood's ability to form clots and are important in diagnosing and monitoring conditions related to blood clotting disorders. The use of a light blue tube is specific to coagulation tests, while other departments such as chemistry, hematology, and microbiology use different colored tubes for their respective tests.

The correct answer is False. When someone is in shock, you should NOT keep them cool. In fact, you should keep them warm and comfortable by covering them with a blanket or clothing to help maintain their body temperature.

The first link in the chain of infection is the agent. The agent refers to the microorganism or pathogen that causes the infection. It can be a bacteria, virus, fungus, or parasite. The agent is responsible for initiating the infection and can be transmitted from one person to another through various modes of transmission, such as direct contact, airborne droplets, or contaminated surfaces. Identifying the agent is crucial in understanding how the infection spreads and developing effective prevention and control measures.

Congestive heart failure is a heart disorder where there is a fluid buildup in the lungs. This occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood efficiently, causing blood to back up in the veins and resulting in fluid leakage into the lungs. Symptoms may include shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs and ankles. Treatment options for congestive heart failure include medications, lifestyle changes, and in severe cases, surgery. Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve, bacterial endocarditis is an infection of the heart's inner lining, and myocardial infarction refers to a heart attack.

Capillary puncture blood most closely resembles arterial blood because both types of blood are oxygenated. Arterial blood is oxygen-rich and is pumped out of the heart to supply oxygen to the body's tissues. Capillary puncture blood is obtained by pricking the capillaries, which are the smallest blood vessels, and it contains oxygen that has been delivered by the arteries to the tissues. In contrast, venous blood is blood that has already passed through the tissues and has lower oxygen levels. Therefore, arterial blood is the closest match to capillary puncture blood.

A gauge 21 multi-sample needle is considered to be standard. The gauge of a needle refers to its diameter, with a smaller number indicating a larger diameter. A gauge 21 needle is commonly used for drawing blood samples and is considered to be the standard size for this purpose. It provides a good balance between ease of use and patient comfort, making it the preferred choice for routine blood collection.

An example of a nosocomial infection is when the catheter site of an ICU patient becomes infected. Nosocomial infections are infections that are acquired in a healthcare setting, such as a hospital. In this case, the infection occurs at the catheter site, which is a common site for infection due to the introduction of foreign objects into the body. This infection is considered nosocomial because it is acquired during the patient's stay in the ICU, rather than being present before admission.

Hemolysis refers to the destruction of red blood cells. This can occur due to various reasons such as infection, autoimmune diseases, or certain medications. When red blood cells are destroyed, they release their contents, including hemoglobin, into the bloodstream. This can lead to various symptoms such as anemia, jaundice, and fatigue. Hemolysis can be diagnosed through blood tests that measure the levels of hemoglobin and other markers of red blood cell destruction. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve medications, blood transfusions, or addressing the underlying condition.

The correct answer is preventing identification errors. OSHA requires training and educational information to be given to phlebotomists on topics such as blood borne pathogens, needle and safety handling, and glass and sharps disposal. However, preventing identification errors is not specifically mentioned as a topic that OSHA requires training on for phlebotomists.

Skin antisepsis is the most critical aspect of blood culture collection because it helps to prevent contamination of the blood sample with bacteria or other microorganisms present on the skin. Properly disinfecting the skin before drawing the blood reduces the risk of introducing external pathogens into the sample, ensuring accurate and reliable results. This step is crucial in preventing false-positive or false-negative results, which could lead to incorrect diagnoses and inappropriate treatment decisions.

If tests require serum instead of plasma, a tube with a red top should be drawn. This is because the red top tube contains a clot activator and a gel separator, which helps in the separation of serum from the blood cells. The clot activator promotes blood clotting, allowing the serum to be separated from the clotted blood. Therefore, using a tube with a red top is necessary to obtain serum for the tests that require it.

The evacuated tube system for venipuncture consists of a vacuum collection tube with a color-coded stopper, a special plastic holder known as an adapter, and a double-sided multi-sample needle with a slanted bore. The compartmentalized, hard shell collection tray is not a component of the evacuated tube system for venipuncture.

The term "asepsis" literally means without bacteria. Asepsis refers to the absence or prevention of microorganisms, especially bacteria, in a sterile environment. It is a state of being free from harmful bacteria or other microorganisms that can cause infections or diseases.

Sterilization is the correct answer because it refers to the process of completely eliminating all forms of microbial life, including highly resistant bacterial endospores. This process is typically achieved through the use of chemical procedures or physical methods, ensuring the complete destruction or removal of all microorganisms. Disinfection, on the other hand, refers to the process of reducing the number of microorganisms to a safe level, while detoxification and acid washing are not specific to the complete elimination of microbial life.

During an intravenous infusion, it is important not to draw blood. Drawing blood during the infusion can interrupt the flow of medication or fluids into the bloodstream, leading to potential complications or ineffective treatment. Therefore, it is best to avoid drawing blood during an intravenous infusion to ensure the smooth administration of fluids or medication.

The term "incompetence" refers to the lack of ability, skill, or knowledge to perform a task or fulfill a role effectively. In the context of the question, it suggests that the lack of physical or mental fitness hinders a person's ability to carry out their responsibilities or duties competently. The other options, such as malpractice, obesity, and negligence, do not directly relate to the concept of lacking physical or mental fitness.

The Good Samaritan Law does not specifically apply to health care workers, but rather to any individual who provides emergency medical care in good faith. It protects these individuals from being sued for any damages that may occur while providing such care. Therefore, the statement that the law allows health care workers to provide medical care above and beyond their normal field without being sued is false.

A red top tube is used for collecting blood samples without any additives. Inverting the tube helps in mixing the blood with any clot activators present in the tube. However, a red top tube does not require any inversion as it does not contain any clot activators. Therefore, the correct answer is 0.

The correct answer is Creatnine Clearance. Creatnine Clearance is a test that measures the amount of creatinine, a waste product, in a 24-hour urine specimen. This test is used to assess kidney function and determine the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). By collecting urine for a full 24 hours, a more accurate measurement of creatinine clearance can be obtained. This test helps in diagnosing and monitoring kidney diseases.

The midsagittal plane divides the body into equal portions because it passes through the midline of the body, creating two halves that are mirror images of each other. This plane divides the body into left and right halves, ensuring that both sides are symmetrical.

The lab section that would analyze the C&S test is microbiology. This is because the C&S test stands for culture and sensitivity test, which is used to identify the specific bacteria causing an infection and determine which antibiotics will be effective in treating it. Microbiology is the branch of science that deals with the study of microorganisms, including bacteria, and their effects on humans. Therefore, microbiology is the appropriate lab section to analyze the C&S test.

Blood types are determined by the presence or absence of antigens on red blood cells (RBCs). Antigens are substances that can stimulate an immune response in the body. Different blood types have different antigens on their RBCs, which can cause a reaction if incompatible blood types are mixed during a transfusion. Antibodies, chemicals, and hormones are not directly involved in determining blood types.

Squeezing the finger too vigorously during capillary blood collection can cause erroneous lab results due to dilution with tissue fluid. When excessive pressure is applied, it can cause the release of fluid from the surrounding tissues into the blood sample, leading to inaccurate results. This dilution can affect the concentration of analytes in the blood, potentially leading to false readings. Therefore, it is important to apply gentle pressure during capillary blood collection to avoid dilution with tissue fluid and ensure accurate lab results.

The mottled green and gray topped tubes do not contain EDTA. This is because EDTA is commonly used as an anticoagulant in blood collection tubes to prevent clotting. The lavender tube tops, pink plastic top tubes with special blood bank patient ID labels, and pearl top tubes with thixotropic gel separator are all examples of tubes that typically contain EDTA as an anticoagulant.

Cholesterol and Uric Acid are least likely to require special handling because they are stable and do not degrade easily during transportation or storage. Unlike other specimens mentioned, such as Bilirubin and Folate, Gastrin and Lactic Acid, and Homocystine and Renin, Cholesterol and Uric Acid can be handled using standard laboratory procedures without the need for special precautions or specialized equipment.

Repeated venipuncture in the same vein can cause phlebitis, which is inflammation of the vein. This inflammation can occur due to the trauma caused by multiple needle insertions, leading to irritation and swelling of the vein. Phlebitis can cause pain, redness, and warmth at the site of venipuncture, and if left untreated, it can progress to more serious complications such as blood clots or infection. Therefore, it is important to avoid repeated venipuncture in the same vein to prevent the development of phlebitis.