Licensed Practical Nurse Exam Practice Test

A blood sugar range of 80-180 is not considered normal. Normal blood sugar levels typically range from 70-99 mg/dL when fasting and up to 140 mg/dL two hours after eating. A range of 80-180 mg/dL indicates elevated blood sugar levels, which may be a sign of prediabetes or diabetes. It is important to maintain blood sugar within the normal range to prevent complications associated with high or low blood sugar levels.

Gonads are reproductive organs that produce gametes (sex cells) and hormones. Testis and ovaries are the primary gonads in males and females, respectively. Testis produce sperm and the hormone testosterone, while ovaries produce eggs and the hormones estrogen and progesterone. These hormones are responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics and regulation of the reproductive system. Adrenal glands are not gonads, but they do produce some sex hormones. Thyroid glands are not directly involved in reproduction.

Oxytocin is produced in mothers during uterine contraction and is responsible for milk ejection in nursing mothers. It is a hormone released by the pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in the bonding between mother and child. Oxytocin stimulates the muscles of the uterus to contract during labor and delivery, and also stimulates the mammary glands to release milk during breastfeeding. This hormone helps facilitate the mother-infant bond and promotes successful breastfeeding.

Gigantism and dwarfism are both conditions that result from an abnormal increase in growth hormones. Gigantism is characterized by excessive growth and height, while dwarfism is characterized by stunted growth and short stature. Both conditions are caused by an imbalance in the production of growth hormones, leading to abnormal growth patterns.

Vasopressin is a hormone that regulates water balance in the body. It acts on the kidneys to reabsorb water and decrease urine production. Therefore, the correct answer is "decreases" as vasopressin reduces the amount of urine produced by the body.

Hyperthyroidism is a condition characterized by an overactive thyroid gland. Cold clammy skin, hair loss, and dry skin are all signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Cold clammy skin may occur due to increased sweating, while hair loss and dry skin can be caused by the excessive production of thyroid hormones. Therefore, the correct answer is A, C, and D.

Glucose is a crucial component in cellular respiration, a process in which cells convert glucose into energy. Through a series of biochemical reactions, glucose is broken down to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the primary source of energy for the body. Therefore, the correct answer is "energy."

The thyroid hormone requires iodine to function properly. Iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormones, specifically thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are crucial for regulating metabolism, growth, and development in the body. Without sufficient iodine, the thyroid gland cannot produce enough thyroid hormones, leading to various health issues such as hypothyroidism or goiter.

Thymosin is a hormone produced by the thymus gland, which plays a crucial role in the maturation and development of white blood cells (WBCs) in childhood. WBCs are an essential part of the immune system and are responsible for fighting infections. Therefore, the maturation of WBCs is facilitated by thymosin, making it an important factor in the body's ability to combat infections during childhood.

The signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism include:

Fatigue

Depression

Weight gain

Fever is not typically a symptom of hypothyroidism.

ADH (Antidiuretic hormone), also known as vasopressin, is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland in response to dehydration. Its main function is to regulate water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urine output, and conserving water. Therefore, ADH is the hormone produced during dehydration to help maintain fluid balance and prevent excessive water loss.

The parathyroid gland regulates calcium levels in the body. Calcium is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including bone health, muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and blood clotting. The parathyroid gland produces parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps to regulate the amount of calcium in the blood by stimulating the release of calcium from bones, increasing calcium absorption in the intestines, and reducing calcium excretion in the kidneys. Therefore, the correct answer is calcium.

A goitre is a condition where the thyroid gland is hypoactive, meaning it is underactive and not producing enough thyroid hormones. This can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and difficulty concentrating. It is important to diagnose and treat a hypoactive thyroid to prevent further complications and improve overall health.

Phrenology is a pseudoscience that involves studying the shape of the skull to determine personality traits. The other options are common medical imaging techniques used to visualize internal structures and diagnose medical conditions.