Phlebotomy State Exam Practicum

An antigen is a substance that triggers the immune system to produce specific antibodies in response to its presence. It does not cause the virus or bacteria itself, but rather stimulates the body's defense mechanism to recognize and eliminate the foreign invader.

The statement is false because CBC stands for Complete Blood Count, not complete barium count. A Complete Blood Count is a common blood test that provides information about the different components of blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. It is used to evaluate overall health and detect various conditions and diseases. Barium count, on the other hand, refers to a specific test involving the use of barium to visualize certain parts of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract.

A nosocomial infection is one that is acquired in a hospital. This means that the infection is contracted during a hospital stay or visit. Hospitals can be breeding grounds for various types of infections due to the close proximity of patients, the presence of bacteria and viruses, and the compromised immune systems of some individuals. These infections can be caused by healthcare workers, contaminated equipment, or other patients. It is important for hospitals to maintain strict hygiene practices and infection control measures to prevent the spread of nosocomial infections.

An infection is a condition when a micro-organism invades the body, multiplies, and causes diseases. This can occur when harmful bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites enter the body and start reproducing, leading to various symptoms and health issues. Infections can range from mild to severe and can affect different parts of the body, such as the respiratory system, urinary tract, or skin. Proper hygiene practices, vaccinations, and prompt medical treatment are essential in preventing and managing infections.

The statement "CDC is defined as the Communicable Disease and Compassion" is incorrect. CDC stands for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which is a national public health agency in the United States. It is responsible for protecting public health and safety through the control and prevention of diseases, including communicable diseases. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

The statement is true because a phlebotomist is indeed responsible for collecting blood samples for lab testing. They do this by performing venipuncture, capillary draws, and arterial draws. Venipuncture involves puncturing a vein to draw blood, while capillary draws involve pricking the skin to collect a small amount of blood. Arterial draws are less common and involve drawing blood from an artery. These blood samples are then sent to the lab for testing and analysis.

The correct answer is contact via touching, droplet, airborne, vehicle, and vector. These are the means of transportation in the chain of infection process. Contact via touching refers to the transmission of pathogens through direct physical contact with an infected person or contaminated surface. Droplet transmission occurs when respiratory droplets containing the pathogen are expelled through coughing, sneezing, or talking and are then inhaled by another person. Airborne transmission involves the spread of infectious particles through the air over longer distances. Vehicle transmission occurs when pathogens are transmitted through contaminated food, water, or objects. Vector transmission involves the spread of pathogens through the bite of an infected insect or animal.

Percutaneous means through the skin, and obtaining a micro-organism through a break in the skin is a correct definition of the term. Therefore, the answer is true.

A UTI (urinary tract infection) is indeed the most common form of nosocomial infection. Nosocomial infections are infections that are acquired in a hospital or healthcare setting. UTIs are particularly prevalent in healthcare settings due to factors such as the use of catheters, which can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract. Therefore, it is true that a UTI is the most common form of nosocomial infection.

The statement is incorrect. Hepatitis A is not known as the "Needle Stick" acquired disease. Hepatitis B and C are the types of hepatitis that are commonly associated with needle stick injuries.

A reverse isolation does not protect the entire population. Reverse isolation is a precautionary measure taken to protect vulnerable individuals, such as those with weakened immune systems, from being exposed to potentially harmful pathogens. It involves isolating the vulnerable individuals from the general population to minimize the risk of infections. Therefore, it only protects the isolated individuals, not the entire population.

Reducing stress is one way to break the chain of infection because stress weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections. By managing stress levels, individuals can strengthen their immune system and decrease the likelihood of getting infected.

Tourniquets are not primarily used to tie off blood flow and find arteries for venipuncture draws. While they can be used for those purposes, their primary use is to control severe bleeding by applying pressure to a limb. They are commonly used in emergency situations or during surgeries to prevent excessive blood loss.

Using a BP cuff in lieu of a tourniquet and keeping the pressure at 80mm/hg is not a recommended method for locating veins during a venipuncture. The purpose of a tourniquet is to temporarily restrict blood flow and make the veins more visible and accessible. A BP cuff is not designed for this purpose and may not provide the same level of restriction or visibility. It is important to use the appropriate equipment and techniques for venipuncture to ensure a successful procedure.

Permucosal infections are not spread through the digestive system. They are actually spread through direct contact with mucous membranes, such as the eyes, nose, or mouth. This can occur through activities such as kissing, sharing utensils, or touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the face. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

Using a 70% swab of alcohol as an antiseptic does not sterilize the area of blood draw. While alcohol can reduce the number of microorganisms present, it does not completely eliminate all microorganisms. Sterilization refers to the complete destruction or elimination of all microorganisms, which cannot be achieved with a 70% alcohol swab. Therefore, the statement is false.