Pharmacology - Cardiac Function
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- 1.Clonidine
- A.
Antihypertensive
- B.
Alpha 2 agonist
- C.
Causes increased NE and therefore decreased HR and decreased BP
- 2.Metroprolol
- A.
Non-selective beta blocker
- B.
Decreases HR which lowers BP
- C.
Decreases renin release from kidney (helps to decrease blood volume and lower BP)
- D.
Decreased HR means decreased myocardial O2 requirement = reason it's useful in angina pectoris
- E.
Antiarrhythmic
- F.
Antihypertensive
- 3.Prazosin
- A.
Alpha 1 blocker
- B.
Causes vasoconstriction and the barroreceptors then decrease HR
- C.
Increases renin release to increase blood volume
- D.
Administer in combination with a beta-blocker or a diuretic
- 4.Minoxidil
- A.
Opens K+ channels to cause hyperpolarization which results in vasodilation
- B.
Barroreceptor tries to increase HR
- C.
Is an antihypertensive
- 5.Sodium Nitroprusside
- A.
Decreases cGMP in smooth muscle which causes relaxation
- B.
Used in patients with edema
- C.
Is an antihypertensive
- 6.Verapamil
- A.
Calcium channel blocker
- B.
Causes vasodilation
- C.
Increased HR
- D.
Used to treat angina pectoris
- E.
Antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic
- 7.Enalapril
- A.
ACE inhibitor
- B.
Vasodilation
- C.
Bradykinin is the cause of vasodilation
- D.
Used in patients with L.ventricular failure and edema
- E.
Antihypertensive
- 8.Losartan
- A.
ACE inhibitor
- B.
Decreases contraction of smooth muscle
- C.
Used in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and no edema
- 9.Loop Diuretics
- A.
Cause decreased water absorption by inhibiting an ion cotransporter in the loop of Henle
- B.
Used for pulmonary edema and severe hypertension
- C.
Can be taken in combination with a sympatholitic and a vasodilator
- 10.Thiazides
- A.
Increase NaCl transport in the distal convoluted tubule
- B.
Used in patients with mild heart failure and edema
- C.
Useful in angina pectoris
- 11.Digoxin
- A.
Inhibit Na+/K+ ATPase which increases Na+in the cell
- B.
Decreases intracellular Ca2+
- C.
Causes decreased SNS activity - decreases SNS barroreceptor response (won't get the vasodilation of blood vessels to compensate for increases HR)
- D.
Quinidine helps clear digoxin faster to avoid toxicity
- 12.Nitroglycerin
- A.
Causes increased cGMP
- B.
Causes vasodilation
- C.
Used as an antiarrhythmic
- D.
Should be administered with sildenafil
- 13.Furosemide is a more potent diuretic then thiazides
- A.
True
- B.
False
- 14.Sildenafil
- A.
Common name is Viagra
- B.
Inhibits phosphodiesterase
- C.
Causes increased cGMP
- D.
Contraction of smooth muscle
- E.
Causes tacchycardia when mixed with nitrites
- 15.Lidocaine
- A.
Na+ channel blocker
- B.
Causes increased excitation
- C.
Good antiarrhythmic
- 16.Amiodarone
- A.
K+ channel blocker
- B.
Decreases AP duration
- C.
Antihypertensive
- 17.Angiotensin II
- A.
Binds AT1 and AT2
- B.
Vasodilator
- C.
Binding AT1 presynaptically causes increased NE release
- D.
AT1 receptors on smooth muscle cause decreased Ca2+
- E.
Causes increased aldosterone and ADH which increased blood volume
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