Pharmacy Technician Chapter 16 Practice Test

A unit dose refers to a package that contains the exact amount of a drug required for a single dose. This ensures accurate dosing and reduces the risk of medication errors. Unit dose packaging is commonly used in healthcare settings to improve patient safety and streamline medication administration processes. It eliminates the need for measuring or dividing doses, making it convenient and efficient for healthcare professionals.

A "stat order" refers to an immediate or urgent request to administer medication. It is typically used in situations where a patient requires immediate treatment or intervention. The term "stat" is derived from the Latin word "statim," meaning immediately. When a healthcare professional receives a stat order, they are expected to prioritize and promptly administer the medication to ensure the patient's well-being.

A clean room is a controlled environment that is specifically designed to minimize the introduction, generation, and retention of particles and microorganisms. It is the area where sterile products are prepared, ensuring that they are free from any contaminants. This controlled environment is essential to maintain the integrity and safety of the sterile products being prepared. Therefore, the correct answer is clean room.

A medication administration record is a form that is used to track the medications that have been administered to a patient. It is a document that provides a record of the medication name, dosage, route of administration, and the time and date of administration. This record helps healthcare professionals to ensure that the correct medications are given to the patient at the appropriate times, and also helps to monitor the patient's response to the medications. Therefore, the medication administration record is the correct answer for a form that tracks the medications administered to a patient.

An outpatient pharmacy is a type of hospital pharmacy that provides medication and pharmaceutical services to patients who have been discharged from the hospital or who are visiting doctors in a hospital outpatient clinic. It is specifically designed to cater to the needs of patients who do not require an overnight stay in the hospital but still require medication and pharmaceutical support. This type of pharmacy ensures that patients have convenient access to necessary medications and can continue their treatment outside of the hospital setting.

Emergency drug procurement refers to the process of quickly obtaining a medication that is currently out of stock in a situation that requires immediate attention. This process is crucial in urgent situations where a patient's health or life may be at risk due to the unavailability of a necessary medication. It involves sourcing the medication from alternative suppliers or manufacturers, coordinating with pharmacies or distributors, and expediting the delivery to ensure timely access to the medication. This enables healthcare professionals to provide the necessary treatment promptly and effectively in emergency situations.

An automated dispense system is a system in which medications are dispensed from an automated unit at the point of use. This system eliminates the need for manual dispensing by healthcare professionals, increasing efficiency and reducing the risk of errors. It ensures that the correct medication is dispensed in the correct dosage, improving patient safety. Additionally, an automated dispense system can track medication inventory and provide real-time data, facilitating medication management and reducing waste. Therefore, an automated dispense system is the correct answer in this context.

Drip rounds refer to the process in which a pharmacy technician visits specific nursing units to determine the IV drips that will be required later in the day. This involves gathering information about the specific medications and dosages needed for each patient. By conducting drip rounds, the pharmacy technician ensures that the correct IV drips are prepared and available when needed, thus contributing to the efficient and safe delivery of medications to patients.

The correct answer is "Both A and B". This means that a small volume parenteral can be added into or "piggybacked" on to a large volume parenteral (LVP). This allows for the administration of multiple medications or fluids through the same intravenous line, making it more convenient and efficient for the patient.

An epidural is a sterile, preservative-free medication that is administered into a patient's epidural space, which is located near the spinal cord and backbone. This medication is commonly used for pain relief during childbirth or surgical procedures. Hormones and steroids are not directly related to the administration of medication into the epidural space. Therefore, the correct answer is epidural.

The correct answer is "pneumatic tube" because it is a system that uses compressed air as the force to shuttle objects through a tube. This technology is commonly used in industries such as healthcare, banking, and retail to transport small items quickly and efficiently. The other options, TPN and PRN, are not related to the given statement and therefore are not the correct answer.

Short stability refers to the characteristic of a medication that will expire soon after preparation, typically within 1-6 hours. This means that the medication's effectiveness and safety may be compromised if it is not used within this time frame. It is important to be aware of the stability of medications to ensure their proper use and avoid potential harm to patients.

HIPAA, which stands for Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, is a federal law that ensures the protection of a patient's private information. This includes information that is spoken, written, or electronically transferred. The law requires healthcare providers, health plans, and other entities to implement safeguards to protect patient information and maintain its confidentiality. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as HIPAA covers all forms of communication and transfer of private patient information.

Recall refers to the voluntary or involuntary removal of a drug product by the manufacturer, usually pertaining to a particular shipment or lot number. This means that the manufacturer has identified a problem or potential issue with the drug product and is taking action to remove it from the market to prevent harm to consumers. This could be due to various reasons such as contamination, labeling errors, or safety concerns.

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) refers to the administration of protein, carbohydrates, and essential nutrients directly into the patient's bloodstream through an intravenous (IV) line. This method is used when a patient is unable to consume food orally or absorb nutrients through their digestive system. TPN provides all the necessary nutrients to support the patient's nutritional needs and maintain their overall health. Therefore, the correct answer is Total parenteral Nutrition (TPN).

Automated dispensing systems contain unit dose medications, which means that each medication is individually packaged in a premeasured amount for one dose. These systems are often restocked by technicians who ensure that an adequate supply of medications is available. These systems also allow nurses to quickly obtain medications as they are stored in a centralized location and can be easily accessed when needed. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as all the statements mentioned are true about automated dispensing systems.

Reconstitution refers to the process of making a solution or suspension by adding water or another diluent to a pre-made powder form of a drug in a drug bottle. This process is commonly used to prepare medications that are in powder form for administration. It allows for the drug to be easily dissolved and prepared for use by the patient. Therefore, the correct answer is reconstitution.

Non-formulary drugs are medications that are not included on the formulary list, which is a list of medications that are covered by a specific healthcare plan or institution. These drugs may still be necessary for certain patients, so physicians have the option to special order them. However, in order to do so, the physician may need to fill out a form explaining why the specific medication is required for that patient's treatment.

Restricted distribution refers to medications that have limited availability due to cost, manufacturing problems, or safety concerns. This means that these medications are not widely accessible to the general public and are only available under specific conditions or through certain channels. This could be due to their high cost, difficulties in manufacturing, or concerns about their safety. Therefore, the correct answer is restricted distribution.

The essential information missing from this order is the route of administration. The order specifies the medication name, dose, frequency, and duration, but it does not mention how the medication should be administered (e.g., orally, intravenously, topically). The route of administration is crucial in determining the appropriate method of delivering the medication to the patient's body.

The correct answer is "central pharmacy." In a hospital that has pharmacy satellites, the main in-patient pharmacy is referred to as the central pharmacy. This central pharmacy serves as the main hub for dispensing medications and managing the medication needs of the in-patients in the hospital. The pharmacy satellites are smaller, decentralized pharmacies located in different areas of the hospital, which provide medications to specific departments or units within the hospital. Therefore, the central pharmacy is the correct answer as it is the main pharmacy in the hospital that coordinates and oversees the medication management for all in-patients.

A PRN order is a prescription for medication to be administered only when needed. This type of order allows healthcare providers to give medication to a patient based on their specific symptoms or circumstances. It is not a standing order or a regularly scheduled medication. PRN stands for "pro re nata," which is Latin for "as the thing is needed." This type of order is commonly used for pain medication, sleep aids, or other medications that are not required on a regular basis.

PCT, which stands for Patient Care Technician, is not allowed to prescribe medications for patients. MD (Medical Doctor), DP (Doctor of Pharmacy), and DO (Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine) are all healthcare professionals who are authorized to prescribe medications for patients. However, PCTs typically provide basic patient care and support services under the supervision of registered nurses or other healthcare professionals, but they do not have the authority to prescribe medications.

The question asks for the military time equivalent of 2 pm. In military time, the hours are represented from 00 to 23, with 00 being midnight and 12 being noon. Therefore, 2 pm would be represented as 1400 in military time.

A PRN order allows a patient to receive medications "as needed." This means that the medication is administered when the patient requires it, based on their specific symptoms or condition. PRN stands for "pro re nata," which is a Latin term meaning "as the situation demands." Unlike other types of orders, such as STAT or standing orders, a PRN order gives the healthcare provider flexibility to determine when and how often the medication should be administered based on the patient's individual needs.

A closed formulary is a type of formulary that restricts physicians to only ordering medications that are listed on the formulary. This means that physicians are limited to prescribing medications that have been approved and deemed appropriate by the formulary committee. This formulary helps to control costs and ensure that medications are used in a cost-effective manner.

Both A and B are correct because a computerized patient medical record and an electronic health record (EHR) are essentially the same thing. They both refer to a digital system that stores and manages a patient's medical information, including their medical history, diagnoses, treatments, and medications. The terms "electronic medical record" (EMR) and "electronic health record" (EHR) are often used interchangeably in the healthcare industry.

According to hospital policy, "restricted" medications must be approved by the appropriate service before they can be dispensed. This means that these medications cannot be dispensed without the proper authorization from the relevant department or service within the hospital. This step ensures that the use of these medications is regulated and in accordance with the hospital's guidelines and protocols. The approval process helps to prevent any potential misuse or inappropriate dispensing of these medications, ensuring patient safety and adherence to hospital policies.

The correct answer is two to eight degrees. This means that the hepatitis B vaccine needs to be stored in a temperature range of two to eight degrees Celsius. This is because refrigeration helps to maintain the stability and effectiveness of the vaccine. Storing it within this temperature range ensures that the vaccine remains potent and safe for administration.

The correct answer is MAR, which stands for Medication Administration Record. Nurses use the MAR to track and document the administration of medications to patients. It contains important information such as the patient's name, medication name, dosage, route of administration, and the time and date of administration. The MAR helps ensure that medications are given correctly and on time, and also serves as a legal record of medication administration.

A formulary is a list of drugs that are approved and stocked at a hospital. The closed formulary refers to a list of drugs that have been carefully selected based on specific criteria, such as cost-effectiveness and safety, and only these drugs are available for use. The formulary, on the other hand, is a general term that refers to any list of drugs that are approved for use in a healthcare setting. An open formulary means that there are no restrictions on which drugs can be prescribed and stocked at the hospital. Therefore, the correct answer is "formulary" because it encompasses all three options mentioned.

Extemporaneous compounds refer to medications that need to be prepared by following a specific recipe or formula because they are not commercially available. This means that these medications are not readily accessible in the market and need to be compounded or prepared by a pharmacist or healthcare professional. The term "compounds" and "private compounds" do not specifically indicate the requirement for following a specific recipe or formula, hence they are not the correct answer. Therefore, the correct answer is "extemporaneous compounds".

Batching refers to the process of advance preparation of large quantities of unit-dose oral solutions/suspensions or small volume parentals for future use. This involves preparing a large batch of the medication in advance, which can then be dispensed as needed. Batching helps to streamline the compounding process and ensures that an adequate supply of medications is readily available when needed. It also allows for efficient use of resources and reduces the need for frequent compounding. Therefore, the correct answer is batching.

The medication order states that gentamicin should be administered intravenously every 8 hours. The last dose was given at 1600, so the next dose would be 8 hours later. Adding 8 hours to 1600 gives us 0000, which is midnight. Therefore, the next dose should be administered at 0000.

The medication order states that the patient needs 15 mg of lansoprazole per dose. The extemporaneously compounded suspension has a concentration of 3 mg/ml. To calculate the volume needed, we divide the desired dose (15 mg) by the concentration (3 mg/ml). This gives us 5 ml, which is the amount of lansoprazole suspension required for each dose.

The term "par" refers to the amount of a drug product that should be kept on the pharmacy shelf. It is the ideal quantity that ensures there is enough stock to meet the demand of patients without excessive wastage or shortages. By maintaining stock levels at par, pharmacies can ensure efficient inventory management and provide timely access to medications for patients. Therefore, "par" is the correct answer in this context.

The main responsibilities of a pharmacy technician include preparing medication orders, conducting unit inspections, and monitoring patients' drug therapy. However, administering medications to patients is not typically a responsibility of a pharmacy technician. This task is usually performed by a pharmacist or a nurse.

Progress notes are the section in the medical chart where healthcare professionals document the current progress of a patient. This section includes detailed notes about the patient's condition, any changes in their symptoms, treatment plans, and any other relevant information. It is an essential part of the medical chart as it provides a comprehensive overview of the patient's ongoing care and helps in tracking their progress over time.

A pharmacy satellite is a branch of the in-patient pharmacy that is responsible for preparing, dispensing, and monitoring medications for specific patient areas. It is a separate entity from the central pharmacy and out-patient pharmacy, focusing specifically on serving the needs of patients in a particular area or department. Therefore, the correct answer is pharmacy satellite.

A quality assurance pharmacy technician conducts unit inspections to ensure that all medications and pharmaceutical supplies are stored, handled, and prepared correctly. This involves checking expiration dates, verifying proper labeling and storage conditions, and ensuring that all medications are prepared according to established protocols and guidelines. Unit inspections are an important part of maintaining the quality and safety of pharmaceutical products and ensuring that patients receive the correct medications in the correct dosage.

The flow rate can be calculated by first determining the total amount of dopamine to be infused per minute, which is 10 mcg/kg/min multiplied by the patient's weight of 55 kg. This equals 550 mcg/min. Next, convert the amount from mcg to mg by dividing by 1000, which gives 0.55 mg/min. Finally, divide the amount of dopamine in mg per minute by the total volume of the infusion (250 ml) and multiply by 60 to convert to ml/hr. The calculation is (0.55 mg/min / 250 ml) * 60 min/hr = 0.132 ml/hr, which rounds to 10.3 ml/hr.

If a patient's current rate of NaCl 0.9% is 125 ml/hr, then a 1L bag will last for 8 hours. This can be calculated by dividing the total volume of the bag (1L) by the rate of infusion (125 ml/hr), which gives us 8 hours.

The flow rate is calculated by multiplying the dose (0.3 mcg/kg/min) by the patient's weight (70 kg) and dividing by the concentration of the medication (40 mg/200 ml). This gives us a flow rate of 0.105 ml/min. To convert this to ml/hr, we multiply by 60 to get 6.3 ml/hr.

The correct answer is "bulk compounding log." This is because a bulk compounding log is a specific type of record that is used to document medications that are compounded in a pharmacy. It is a log specifically for tracking medications that are compounded in large quantities or batches. The other options, "compounding log" and "yule time log," do not specifically refer to the recording of medications compounded in a pharmacy.

When addressing a missing dose phone call, the technician should ask all of the following except "why was the medication ordered." This question is not relevant to addressing a missing dose as it focuses on the reason behind the medication being ordered, rather than resolving the issue of the missing dose. The other three questions are important in determining the cause of the missing dose and finding a solution.

A single-dose vial is a type of medication container that is intended for a single use. Unlike multi-dose vials, which contain preservatives to prevent bacterial growth and maintain the sterility of the medication, a single-dose vial does not contain any preservatives. This is because once the vial is opened, it is meant to be used immediately and discarded afterwards. Therefore, it is important to use a single-dose vial within a specific time frame to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the medication.

A final filter is a device placed at the end of an IV line that is used to remove particulate matter. It is the last line of defense to ensure that no particles or contaminants enter the patient's bloodstream. This filter is specifically designed to capture any remaining particulate matter that may have escaped previous filters or other purification processes. It is crucial in maintaining the safety and effectiveness of the IV therapy by preventing any potential harm or complications that could arise from the presence of particulate matter in the IV solution.

To find the number of milliliters required to give a dose of 2 grams, we can set up a proportion using the given information. We know that the final concentration is 375 mg/ml. So, we can set up the proportion:

3g / 6.4ml = 2g / x ml

Cross-multiplying and solving for x, we get:

3g * x ml = 2g * 6.4ml
3x = 12.8
x = 12.8 / 3
x = 4.27 ml

Therefore, approximately 5.3 ml are required to give a dose of 2 grams.

Bulk bottles used for extemporaneous oral compounding must be labeled with the name of the drug, expiration date, concentration, lot number specific to the hospital, and pharmacist initials. This is important for ensuring the accuracy and traceability of the compounded product. The concentration indicates the strength of the drug in the bottle, while the lot number specific to the hospital helps in tracking the source of the ingredients used. The pharmacist initials provide accountability and indicate who prepared the product. This information is crucial for patient safety and regulatory compliance.

An outpatient pharmacy refers to a pharmacy that is located outside of a hospital and provides services to patients who are not admitted to the hospital. In this case, the question specifies that the pharmacy only serves patients within the hospital and its ancillary area. Therefore, the correct answer is "out-patient pharmacy" as it does not match the given scenario.