Permanent Waving
Review of chapter 9: permanent waving and hair/scalp analysis
Questions and Answers
- 1.
The main active ingredient (or reducing agent) in an alkaline perm is?
- A.
Hydrogen Peroxide
- B.
Ammonium Thiglycolate
- C.
Sodium Hydroxide
Correct Answer
B. Ammonium ThiglycolateExplanation
Ammonium Thiglycolate is the main active ingredient in an alkaline perm. It is a reducing agent that breaks the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped. Hydrogen Peroxide is commonly used in hair coloring processes, while Sodium Hydroxide is a strong alkaline that is used in relaxers to straighten curly or kinky hair. Therefore, Ammonium Thiglycolate is the correct answer for the main active ingredient in an alkaline perm.Rate this question:
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- 2.
An acid permanent wave is processed by the application of chemical and heat. The main ingredint is what?
- A.
Glycerol Monothioglycolate
- B.
Hydrogen Peroxide
- C.
Ammonium Thiglycolate
Correct Answer
A. Glycerol MonothioglycolateExplanation
Glycerol Monothioglycolate is the main ingredient in an acid permanent wave. This chemical is responsible for breaking the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped into a new curl pattern. The application of both chemical and heat helps to activate and accelerate the process, ensuring that the hair retains the new shape. Hydrogen Peroxide and ammonium Thiglycolate are not the main ingredients in an acid permanent wave and do not play the same role as Glycerol Monothioglycolate.Rate this question:
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- 3.
The degree to which hair absorbs the waving solution is related to...
- A.
Hair Porosity
- B.
Hair texture
- C.
Hair length
Correct Answer
A. Hair PorosityExplanation
The degree to which hair absorbs the waving solution is related to hair porosity. Hair porosity refers to the hair's ability to absorb and retain moisture. When hair is porous, it has open cuticles that allow substances like the waving solution to penetrate deeply into the hair shaft. This results in a stronger and longer-lasting wave or curl. On the other hand, if the hair has low porosity, the cuticles are tightly closed, making it difficult for the waving solution to penetrate. Therefore, hair porosity plays a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of the waving solution.Rate this question:
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- 4.
The action of permanent wave solution is to ?
- A.
Discolor the hair
- B.
Shrink the hair
- C.
Expand the hair
Correct Answer
C. Expand the hairExplanation
Permanent wave solution is used to expand the hair. This solution contains chemicals that break down the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped. Once the hair is wrapped around perm rods and the solution is applied, the hair swells and stretches, expanding its shape. This expansion creates the desired curls or waves in the hair.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A method of wrapping a permanent wave that is suitable for very long hair is the?
- A.
Double rod wrap method
- B.
Spiral wrap method
- C.
Basic or straight wrap method
Correct Answer
A. Double rod wrap methodExplanation
The double rod wrap method is suitable for very long hair because it allows for better control and even distribution of the waving solution throughout the hair. By using two rods instead of one, the hair is wrapped around each rod separately, ensuring that all sections of the hair are treated equally. This technique is particularly useful for long hair as it prevents tangling and ensures that the waves are consistent from root to tip.Rate this question:
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- 6.
questions allows the stylist to find out what the client wants in the texture service and what results are expected.
- A.
Open ended questions
- B.
Rhetorical questions
- C.
Personal questions
Correct Answer
A. Open ended questionsExplanation
Open ended questions allow the stylist to have a more in-depth conversation with the client about their desired texture service. These questions encourage the client to provide detailed information and express their preferences, allowing the stylist to better understand what the client wants and what results they are expecting. Rhetorical questions are not suitable in this context as they do not elicit a response from the client, and personal questions may not be appropriate or relevant to the texture service discussion.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Hair texture refers to the of a single strand of hair.
- A.
Diameter
- B.
Color
- C.
Curl
Correct Answer
A. DiameterExplanation
Texture is referring to the diameter or width of a single hair strand. Texture of hair might effect the processing time dure to vatried thicknesses of each hair type- which are coarse, medium and fine.Rate this question:
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- 8.
The perm that is processed by the application of chemical and heat.
- A.
Acid (Endothermic)
- B.
Exothermic
- C.
Cold (Alkaline)
Correct Answer
A. Acid (Endothermic)Explanation
The correct answer is Acid (Endothermic). Acid perms are processed using chemicals and heat. Endothermic refers to a chemical reaction that absorbs heat from its surroundings. In the case of acid perms, the chemicals used in the process require heat to activate and break down the disulfide bonds in the hair, allowing it to be reshaped. This process requires the application of heat to activate the chemicals and achieve the desired result, making it an endothermic reaction.Rate this question:
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- 9.
The polypeptide chains are long chains of amino acids that are joined together by?
- A.
Hydroxide bonds
- B.
Peptide bond
- C.
Amino acids
Correct Answer
B. Peptide bondExplanation
Polypeptide chains are formed by joining amino acids together through peptide bonds. A peptide bond is a covalent bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid. This bond is formed through a dehydration synthesis reaction, where a water molecule is removed. The peptide bond is crucial for the structure and function of proteins, as it determines the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. Hydroxide bonds do not exist, and while amino acids are the building blocks of polypeptides, it is the peptide bond that connects them.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A perm activated by an outside heat source, usually a conventional hair hood-type hair dryer is known as?
- A.
Biothermic
- B.
Endothermic
- C.
Exothermic
Correct Answer
B. EndothermicExplanation
An endothermic perm is activated by an outside heat source, typically a conventional hair hood-type hair dryer. This means that the perm requires external heat to be applied in order to work. Endothermic reactions absorb heat from their surroundings, which is why the heat source is necessary for the perm to take effect.Rate this question:
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- 11.
Bonds that are formed when the sulfur atoms in two adjacent polypeptide chains are joined together are known as?
- A.
Disulfide
- B.
Salt
- C.
Chemical
Correct Answer
A. DisulfideExplanation
Disulfide bonds are formed when the sulfur atoms in two adjacent polypeptide chains are joined together. These bonds are covalent and are important for stabilizing the three-dimensional structure of proteins. Disulfide bonds can form between cysteine residues in the polypeptide chains, as the sulfur atoms in cysteine can undergo oxidation to form a covalent bond. This bond helps to maintain the overall structure and stability of proteins.Rate this question:
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- 12.
The chemical action of _ breaks the disulfide bonds and softens the hair and swells the hair cuticle.
- A.
Ammonia
- B.
Permanent waving solution
- C.
Neutralizer
Correct Answer
B. Permanent waving solutionExplanation
The correct answer is "permanent waving solution". Permanent waving solutions contain chemicals that break the disulfide bonds in the hair, which are responsible for the hair's natural shape and structure. By breaking these bonds, the hair becomes more malleable and can be reshaped into curls or waves. Additionally, the solution also softens the hair and swells the hair cuticle, making it more receptive to the shaping process.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Strait Rods are equal in______________throughout entire rod.
- A.
Length
- B.
Width
- C.
Diameter
Correct Answer
C. DiameterExplanation
Strait rods are equal in diameter throughout the entire rod. This means that the thickness of the rod remains constant from one end to the other. The length and width of the rod may vary, but the diameter remains the same.Rate this question:
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- 14.
__ ___ Rods have a small diameter in center area and larger diameter increase throughout the remaining length of rod.
- A.
Concave
- B.
Convex
- C.
Strait
Correct Answer
A. ConcaveExplanation
The given statement describes a shape where the diameter of the rod is small in the center area and increases as you move towards the ends. This shape is characteristic of a concave shape.Rate this question:
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- 15.
What type of hair is more fragile, easier to process, and more susceptible to damage from perm services?
- A.
Coarse texture
- B.
Fine texture
- C.
Non-porous
Correct Answer
B. Fine textureExplanation
Fine texture hair is more fragile, easier to process, and more susceptible to damage from perm services. This is because fine hair strands are thinner and have a smaller diameter, making them more delicate and prone to breakage. Additionally, the chemical processes involved in perms can further weaken and damage fine hair. Coarse texture hair, on the other hand, is thicker and stronger, making it more resistant to damage. Non-porous hair refers to hair that does not easily absorb moisture or chemicals, and while it may be more resistant to damage from perms, it is not necessarily more fragile or easier to process.Rate this question:
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- 16.
What type of hair has a larger diameter and may require more processing time?
- A.
Coarse texture
- B.
Medium texture
- C.
Fine texture
Correct Answer
A. Coarse textureExplanation
Coarse texture hair has a larger diameter compared to medium and fine texture hair. Due to its larger size, coarse hair may require more processing time for various hair treatments such as styling, coloring, or straightening. The thickness of coarse hair can make it more resistant to chemical processes, which is why it may take longer to achieve desired results.Rate this question:
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- 17.
____________________________ placement is when the perm rod rests on an area of the base within the the subsection (base section).
- A.
Base panel
- B.
Rod placement
- C.
Base section
Correct Answer
B. Rod placementExplanation
Rod placement refers to the positioning of the perm rod on a specific area of the base within the subsection. This means that the rod is placed on a particular section of the hair within the base panel. The correct answer is "Rod placement" because it accurately describes the act of placing the perm rod on a specific area of the base section during a hairstyling process.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The basic perm wrap is also called a _____________ wrap.
- A.
Strait
- B.
Bricklay
- C.
Weave
Correct Answer
A. StraitExplanation
The basic perm wrap is also called a "strait" wrap because it involves wrapping the hair in a straight pattern around the perm rods. This technique is commonly used to create uniform and tight curls or waves in the hair. The term "strait" refers to the straight lines followed during the wrapping process, which helps to achieve consistent results.Rate this question:
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- 19.
In the ______________ wrap, rods are placed according to clients hairdesign.
- A.
Curvature perm
- B.
Weave technique
- C.
Straight perm
Correct Answer
A. Curvature permExplanation
In the curvature perm wrap, rods are placed according to the client's hair design. This technique is used to create a curly or wavy texture in the hair. The rods are strategically placed to achieve the desired curl pattern and shape. The curvature perm is a popular choice for clients who want to add volume and texture to their hair.Rate this question:
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- 20.
The _____________ wrap that uses zigzag partings to divide base areas.
- A.
Weave
- B.
Partial
- C.
Bricklay
Correct Answer
A. WeaveExplanation
This question is asking for a term that describes a wrap technique that uses zigzag partings to divide base areas. The correct answer is "weave." A weave is a hair extension technique where sections of the natural hair are braided and then synthetic or human hair is woven into the braids. This technique often involves creating zigzag partings to ensure a natural-looking result and to divide the base areas evenly for a seamless blend.Rate this question:
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- 21.
When the strand of hair is wrapped at an angle 135 degrees above the subsection, it will result in?
- A.
On base placement
- B.
Half-off base
- C.
On-stem placement
Correct Answer
A. On base placementExplanation
When the strand of hair is wrapped at an angle 135 degrees above the subsection, it will result in on base placement. On base placement refers to wrapping the hair around the roller or rod with the base sitting on top of the roller. This technique creates maximum lift and volume at the roots, making it suitable for creating a fuller look.Rate this question:
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- 22.
When the strand of hair is wrapped at an angle 90 degrees from center of subsection, it will result in?
- A.
On base placement
- B.
Half under-directed placement
- C.
On-stem placement
Correct Answer
B. Half under-directed placementExplanation
When the strand of hair is wrapped at a 90-degree angle from the center of the subsection, it means that the hair is wrapped halfway between being directed straight up and being directed straight down. This technique is called "half under-directed placement." It creates a more natural and blended look, as the hair is not wrapped too tightly or too loosely.Rate this question:
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- 23.
End wraps are absorbent pieces of thin tissue papers that ___ and _________________ the hair ends.
- A.
Shield, moisturize
- B.
Control, protects
- C.
Control, dries
Correct Answer
B. Control, protectsExplanation
End wraps are absorbent pieces of thin tissue papers that are used to control and protect the hair ends. They help in preventing the hair ends from splitting or becoming damaged, while also providing control over the direction and shape of the hair.Rate this question:
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- 24.
When you place one end wrap which is folded in half, it is called the?
- A.
Book end wrap
- B.
Single end wrap
- C.
Top-hand wrap
Correct Answer
A. Book end wrapExplanation
When you place one end wrap that is folded in half, it is called a book end wrap. This term is commonly used in the context of gift wrapping or packaging. The name "book end wrap" suggests that it is used to wrap the ends of a book or any other rectangular object. The folding in half of the wrap helps to secure and protect the item being wrapped.Rate this question:
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- 25.
When hair is placed between two end papers, it is called?
- A.
Double-end wrap
- B.
Single-end wrap
- C.
Book-end wrap
Correct Answer
A. Double-end wrapExplanation
A double-end wrap refers to the technique of placing hair between two end papers. This method is commonly used in perming or coloring processes to protect the hair and ensure even distribution of the solution. The end papers help to secure the hair in place, preventing any overlap or uneven application. Therefore, the correct answer is double-end wrap.Rate this question:
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- 26.
What can be used to determine if desired curl has been achieved?
- A.
Patch Test
- B.
Porosity test
- C.
Test curl
Correct Answer
C. Test curlExplanation
Test curl can be used to determine if the desired curl has been achieved. This involves evaluating the curl pattern and shape of the hair after styling. By comparing the results to the desired outcome, one can assess if the curl has been successfully achieved or if further adjustments are needed.Rate this question:
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- 27.
If too many ________________ bonds are broken in the perming process the hair will be too weak to hold a curl.
- A.
Hydrogen
- B.
Disulfide
- C.
Salt
Correct Answer
B. DisulfideExplanation
In the perming process, disulfide bonds in the hair are broken and reformed to create a new curl pattern. If too many disulfide bonds are broken, the hair becomes weak and unable to hold a curl. Disulfide bonds are strong chemical bonds that contribute to the hair's strength and structure.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Under processing is caused by ______________ processing time of the wave lotion on the hair.
- A.
Excessive
- B.
Increasing
- C.
Insufficient
Correct Answer
C. InsufficientExplanation
"Under processing" refers to a situation where the desired result is not achieved due to inadequate processing time. In this case, the correct answer is "insufficient" because it suggests that the processing time of the wave lotion on the hair is not enough to achieve the desired outcome.Rate this question:
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- 29.
In permanent waving, processing time is normally within the first _________ minutes.
- A.
1 to 2
- B.
5 to 10
- C.
3 to 4
Correct Answer
B. 5 to 10Explanation
In permanent waving, processing time is normally within the first 5 to 10 minutes. This means that the hair is treated with the waving solution for a duration of 5 to 10 minutes in order to achieve the desired curl or wave. This time frame is important as it allows the solution to penetrate the hair shaft and alter its structure, creating a long-lasting curl pattern.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Before applying a neutralizer, always rinse perm solution from the hair for at least _________ minutes.
- A.
2
- B.
5
- C.
3
Correct Answer
B. 5Explanation
Before applying a neutralizer, it is important to rinse the perm solution from the hair for at least 5 minutes. This is necessary to remove any remaining chemicals from the hair and prevent any potential damage or adverse reactions. Rinsing for a shorter period of time may not effectively remove all the perm solution, while rinsing for a longer period of time may excessively dry out the hair. Therefore, 5 minutes is the recommended duration for rinsing the hair before applying a neutralizer.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Neutralization rebuilds the ____________________ into their new curled position.
- A.
Salt bonds
- B.
Disulfide bonds
- C.
Polypeptide chains
Correct Answer
B. Disulfide bondsExplanation
Neutralization rebuilds the disulfide bonds into their new curled position. Disulfide bonds are covalent bonds formed between two sulfur atoms in the amino acid cysteine. These bonds play a crucial role in stabilizing the three-dimensional structure of proteins, including the folding and curling of polypeptide chains. Neutralization refers to the process of restoring the original pH level of a solution, which can help in reestablishing disulfide bonds and maintaining the proper structure of proteins.Rate this question:
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- 32.
Relatively week physical side bonds that are the result of an attraction between opposite charges are . . bonds
- A.
Hydrogen
- B.
Nitrogen
- C.
Oxgen
Correct Answer
A. HydrogenExplanation
Relatively weak physical side bonds that are the result of an attraction between opposite charges are known as hydrogen bonds. These bonds occur when a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge is attracted to an electronegative atom with a partial negative charge, such as oxygen or nitrogen. Hydrogen bonds play a crucial role in various biological processes and are responsible for the unique properties of water.Rate this question:
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- 33.
An . liquid protein conditioner can be applied to the hair and dried under a warm dryer for 5 minutes or more prior to neutralization if hair is damaged.
- A.
Acidic
- B.
Alkaline
- C.
Ammonia free
Correct Answer
A. AcidicExplanation
An acidic liquid protein conditioner can be applied to the hair and dried under a warm dryer for 5 minutes or more prior to neutralization if hair is damaged. This suggests that the conditioner needs to have an acidic pH in order to effectively treat damaged hair. Acidic conditions can help to restore the pH balance of the hair, which may have been disrupted due to damage. By applying an acidic conditioner and drying it under a warm dryer, the hair can be nourished and repaired.Rate this question:
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- 34.
In neutralization, the bonds in the hair are re-formed . .
- A.
Immediately
- B.
Slowly
- C.
Randomly
Correct Answer
A. ImmediatelyExplanation
In neutralization, the bonds in the hair are re-formed immediately. This means that as soon as the neutralizing agent is applied to the hair, the bonds that were broken during the chemical process are quickly and efficiently reestablished. This allows the hair to return to its natural state and ensures that it is strong and healthy.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Chemical bonds that join amino acids together to form polypeptide chains are . . bonds.
- A.
Nitrogen
- B.
Oxygen
- C.
Peptide
Correct Answer
C. PeptideExplanation
Peptide bonds are the chemical bonds that join amino acids together to form polypeptide chains. These bonds are formed through a condensation reaction between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid, resulting in the formation of a peptide bond and the release of a water molecule. Peptide bonds are crucial for the structure and function of proteins.Rate this question:
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- 36.
Metallic salts leave a coating on the hair that may cause . . severe discoloration or hair breakage.
- A.
Smooth curls
- B.
Uneven curls
- C.
Mild odor
Correct Answer
B. Uneven curlsExplanation
Metallic salts, when left on the hair, can cause an uneven curl pattern. This is because these salts can interfere with the hair's natural structure and disrupt the formation of consistent curls. The coating left by metallic salts can lead to sections of the hair curling differently or not curling at all, resulting in an uneven appearance.Rate this question:
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- 37.
Perming only a section of a whole head of hair is called?
- A.
Partial perming
- B.
Section perming
- C.
Limited perming
Correct Answer
A. Partial permingExplanation
Partial perming refers to the process of perming only a section of the hair, rather than the entire head. This technique allows for more control and customization, as it allows individuals to target specific areas or sections of their hair for perming. It is a popular choice for individuals who want to add texture or curls to specific parts of their hair while keeping the rest of the hair straight or untouched.Rate this question:
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- 38.
If you suspect metallic salts are present, mix 1 oz of 20 volume with 20 drops of 28% . . and immerse at least 20 strands for 30 minutes.
- A.
Bleach
- B.
Petroleum
- C.
Ammonia
Correct Answer
C. AmmoniaExplanation
The correct answer is ammonia because ammonia is commonly used as a cleaning agent and can help remove metallic salts. Mixing it with bleach and petroleum would not be effective in this case.Rate this question:
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- 39.
The . . wrap is used to prevent noticeable splits and to blend the flow of the hair.
- A.
Bricklay perm
- B.
Basic perm
- C.
Spiral perm
Correct Answer
A. Bricklay permExplanation
The correct answer is bricklay perm. The bricklay perm is used to prevent noticeable splits and to blend the flow of the hair.Rate this question:
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- 40.
The . . wrap is done at an angle that causes the hair to spiral along the length of the tool, like the grip on a tennis racket.
- A.
Spiral
- B.
Croquignole
- C.
Barber pole
Correct Answer
A. SpiralExplanation
The correct answer is spiral. The explanation is that the wrap technique mentioned in the question causes the hair to spiral along the length of the tool, similar to the spiral pattern seen on a barber pole. This suggests that the correct answer is spiral.Rate this question:
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- 41.
When performing a procedure for a preliminary test curl, wrap one tool in each different area of the head including the top, the side, and the . .
- A.
Nape
- B.
Bang
- C.
Temple
Correct Answer
A. Nape -
- 42.
In order to make a smooth transition from the rolled section of the head to an unrolled section, use a large tool for the last tool next to an unrolled section when giving a .
- A.
Spiral perm
- B.
Partial perm
- C.
Full perm
Correct Answer
B. Partial perm -
- 43.
Permanent waving is sometimes refered to as _________________________________.
Correct Answer
chemical texturizingExplanation
Permanent waving is sometimes called chemical texturizing because the texture of the hair is changed from a smooth straight appearance to a curly (wavy) appearance.Rate this question:
- 44.
Which one do you like?
- A.
Option 1
- B.
Option 2
- C.
Option 3
- D.
Option 4
Correct Answer
A. Option 1 -
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