Based on chapter 7 of Nancy Carolines emergency medicine on the streets. Chapter 7
Are considered safe enough that most people will not hurt themselves accidentally by taking the medicine as instructed
Have been available as prescription-only medications for at least 5 years and have undergone extensive clinical research.
Possess no more than half the strength of the prescription form and do not cause harm if they are taken in excessive amounts.
Have been approved by the FDA and have been shown to possess a physiologic effect equivalent to the prescription form.
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Trade
Official
Chemical
Legal
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Cordarone
Amiodarone usp
Amiodaron
2-butyl-3-benzofuranyl 4-{2-diethylamino}-ethoxoy-3,5-diiodophenyl ketone hydrochloride
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It must be made available to the public in both its trade and generic forms
Its active ingredients must be within 95% to 105% of that stated on the label
It must be on the market in its generic form for a period of at least 36 months.
The manufacturer of the medication must prove that it does not cause any side effects
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Follows national standards
Is done in an expedient manner
Will not result in side effects
Is safe, therapeutic, and effective
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Brain and spinal cord
Somatic and autonomic nervous system
Central and peripheral nervous system
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
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Autonomic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Involuntary nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
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Acetycholine
Acetylcholinesterase
Glycogen
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
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Anticholineric
Sympathomimetic
Sympatholytic
Parasympatholytic
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Antagonism
Neurotransmission
Chemotransmission
Nerve innervation
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Excessive lacrimation, bradycardia, diarrhea, and miosis
Tachycardia, hypertension, dilated pupils, and nervousness
Dehydration, decreased urine production, and double vision
Muscle fasciculations, generalized weakness, and bradycardia
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Synergistic
An agonist
An antagonist
A competitive binder
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Patients gender
Type of medication
Route of administration
Weight of medication
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Rectal, intramuscular
Intravenous,oral
Inhalation,topical
Rectal,subcutaneous
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The patient may aspirate the medication
The medication may cause damage to the liver
The medication is metabolized too rapidly
Absorption is slow and unpredictable
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Is identical to that of the IV route because the medication enters a noncollapsible channel with rapid flow into the central circulation
Is relatively unpredictable compared to that of the IV route because the intraosseous space is a low-pressure space
Is just as fast as that of the IV route, but only if the patient has adequate circulation and a systolic BP of at least 90 mm Hg
Is somewhat slower than that of the IV route because the medication must first pass through the microvasculature before entering the central circulation
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Are hypertensive and tachycardic
Have decreased liver or renal function
Require less than 5 mL of medication
Have inadequate peripheral perfusion
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Liver
Spleen
Kidneys
Small intestine
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It make take hours before the medication is absorbed and exerts its effect
The process of biotransformation will be completely unpredictable
The dose should be doubled in order to achieve a therapeutic effect
It may not be excreted efficiently and may be accumulated to toxic levels
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Addiction
Dependence
Tolerance
An idiosyncrasy
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Diluted with sterile saline
Kept out of direct sunlight
Stored in a cold environment
Replaces every 30 to 60 days
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Storage requirements
Mechanism of action
Side and adverse effects
Indications and proper dosage
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Ibuprofen (motrin)
Naloxone (Narcan)
Acetylsalicylic acid (asa/aspirin)
Fentanyl (sublimaze)
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Melatonin
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
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Selectively block alpha receptors
Produce tachycardia and hypertension
Inhibit the sympathetic nervous system
Stimulate the sympathetic nervous system
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Beta-1 adrenic antagonist
Alpha-2 adrenergic agonist
Beta-2 adrenergic agonist
Alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist
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Cause a decrease in the heart rate
Cause an increase in blood pressure
Decrease myocardial contractile force
Increase cardiac electrical conduction velocity
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Blocking angiotensin 2 from binding to its receptor sites
Competitively binding to alpha -1 receptors in the vasculature
Suppressing the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
Lowering cardiac output secondary to diminished renin production
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Bronchoconstriction
The airway diameter to dilate
Vasoconstriction and hypertension
A decreased release of norepinephrine
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Nexium
Compazine
Zofran
Synthroid
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Cancer
HIV infection
Tuberculosis
A bacterial infection
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Peptic ulcer disease
Crohn's disease
Cholethiasis
Cholecystitis
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Progressive deterioration of involuntary muscles, specifically the diaphragm
Weakness and wasting of groups of skeletal muscles, leading to increasing disability
Relaxation of the vascular smooth muscles, resulting in progressive hypoperfusion
Involuntary rapid, jerky motions and mental deterioration, leading to dementia
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Depression
Schizophrenia
Bipolar disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
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Anaerobic metabolism and produces lactic acid
Aerobic metabolism and produces carbon dioxide
Fat metabolism and begins producing ketoacids
Anaerobic metabolism and produces bicarbonate
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Cardiogenic
Peripheral
Distributive
Obstructive
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Central vasoconstriction forces blood from the core of the body
Blood pools in expanded vascular beds and tissue perfusion decreases
Microorganisms attack the blood vessels, resulting in vasodilation
A significant decrease in cardiac contractility causes decreased perfusion
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Neurogenic shock
Obstructive shock
Profound vasoconstriction
A reduced absolute blood volume
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MODS typically develops within 20 to 30 minutes following resuscitation from cardiac arrest
At the cellular leve, MODS results in aerobic metabolism, metabolic alkalosis, and impaired cellular function
Signs and symptoms of MODS include compensatory hypertension, bradycardia, and a fever greater that 105F
MODS occurs when injury or infection triggers a massive systemic immune, inflammatory, and coagulation response
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Lymphocyte
Neutrophil
Monocyte
Eosinophil
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Native immunity
Passive acquired immunity
Innate immunity
Active acquired immunity
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Fever and phagocytosis
Infection and injury
Hypercarbia and hypoxemia
Immunosuppression and fever
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Adhesion
Fibrinolysis
Chemotaxis
Agglutination
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1 and 2 years old
2 and 3 years old
3 and 4 years old
4 and 5 years old
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Idiopathic
Organic
Functional
Pathologic
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Is frequently a direct cause of death
Results in the destruction of cholesterol and fat
Causes the body to lose its ability to fight
Results in chronically low levels of cortisol
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Alpha-1 agonist
Beta-2 agonist
Beta-1 agonist
Alpha-2 agonist
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Therapeutic effect
Onset of action
Duration of action
Therapeutic index
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