A&p II- The Digestive System

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  • 1/102 Questions

    Aerobic respiration produces ____________  ATP than anaerobic.

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About This Quiz

Explore the complexities of the human digestive system with this focused quiz. It assesses knowledge in areas like the role of cholecystokinin, the composition of feces, lymphatic system functions, and lipid absorption mechanisms. Ideal for students preparing for AP Biology or related health science exams.

Human Anatomy Quizzes & Trivia

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  • 2. 

    _________ hydrolyzes lactose into glucose and galactose.

    Explanation
    This is a brush border enzyme.

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  • 3. 

    ___________   hydrolyzes maltose into glucose.

    Explanation
    This is a brush border enzyme.

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  • 4. 

    ______________ is the sum of all the biochemical reactions in our body.

    Explanation
    Metabolism refers to the sum of all the biochemical reactions that occur in our body. It includes processes such as digestion, energy production, and waste elimination. These reactions help to maintain the body's functions and support growth, repair, and reproduction. Metabolism is essential for the body to obtain energy from food and convert it into usable forms. It also plays a role in regulating body temperature, hormone levels, and the overall balance of nutrients in the body.

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  • 5. 

    _________ respiration uses oxygen.

    Explanation
    Aerobic respiration is a process that uses oxygen to break down glucose and produce energy in the form of ATP. It occurs in the presence of oxygen and is the most efficient way for cells to generate energy. The term "aerobic" refers to the use of oxygen in this process. Therefore, the correct answer is "Aerobic, aerobic."

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  • 6. 

    The wave-like movement of the muscles that control the movement of food through the digestive system is called ____________.

    Explanation
    Peristalsis refers to the wave-like contractions of the muscles in the digestive system that help propel food through the digestive tract. These coordinated muscle movements push food along the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, allowing for efficient digestion and absorption of nutrients. This movement ensures that food moves in one direction and prevents backflow.

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  • 7. 

    What gives bile its yellow-green color?

    • Stomach acid

    • Pepsin

    • Chyme

    • Bilirubin

    • Hemoglobin

    Correct Answer
    A. Bilirubin
    Explanation
    Bilirubin, from broken-down hemoglobin, is the primary pigment of bile.

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  • 8. 

    This is a bolus of food mixed with the secretions of the stomach that is converted to a fatty or acidic paste.

    • Chyme

    • Bile

    • Saliva

    • Feces

    • Paste

    Correct Answer
    A. Chyme
    Explanation
    Chyme is the correct answer because it is the term used to describe the bolus of food mixed with stomach secretions. It is converted into a fatty or acidic paste as it moves through the digestive system. Bile is a substance produced by the liver that helps with the digestion and absorption of fats. Saliva is the watery substance produced by the salivary glands that helps in the initial breakdown of food. Feces refers to the waste material that is eliminated from the body. Paste is a general term that does not specifically describe the bolus of food mixed with stomach secretions.

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  • 9. 

    Young people have a ____________ BMR than older people.

    Correct Answer
    higher
    Explanation
    Young people need to burn lots of calories to grow, and older people tend to lose calorie-burning muscle mass as they age.

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  • 10. 

    Digestion is completed here, and virtually all nutrient absorption happens here.

    • Mouth

    • Stomach

    • Small intestine

    • Large intestine

    • Rectum

    Correct Answer
    A. Small intestine
    Explanation
    The small intestine is responsible for completing digestion and absorbing nutrients from the food we consume. It is lined with tiny finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area for absorption. The small intestine receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues the breakdown process using enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver. It absorbs nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals, which are then transported to the bloodstream for distribution to the body's cells. The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes, while the rectum stores and eliminates waste material.

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  • 11. 

    This is made up of undigested food residue, mucus, sloughed-off epithelial cells, bacteria, water.

    • Chyme

    • Bile

    • Feces

    • Saliva

    Correct Answer
    A. Feces
    Explanation
    Feces is the correct answer because it is made up of undigested food residue, mucus, sloughed-off epithelial cells, bacteria, and water. Feces is the waste product that is eliminated from the body through the rectum and anus. It is formed in the large intestine through the process of digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine. The remaining waste material is then compacted and formed into feces before being eliminated from the body.

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  • 12. 

    Acidic chyme in the duodenum increases __________ secretion.

    • Increases

    • Decreases

    • Does not affect

    Correct Answer
    A. Increases
    Explanation
    When acidic chyme enters the duodenum, it stimulates the release of secretin and cholecystokinin hormones. These hormones signal the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate ions and digestive enzymes, which help neutralize the acidity of the chyme. Therefore, the secretion of bicarbonate ions and digestive enzymes is increased in response to the presence of acidic chyme in the duodenum.

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  • 13. 

    ____________ hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose.

    Correct Answer
    Sucrase
    Explanation
    This is a brush border enzyme.

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  • 14. 

    Where small intestine joins large intestine, this sphincter prevents the food that is pushed past entrance from going backwards into the illeum again.

    • Ileocecal valve

    • Pyloric sphincter

    • Anal sphincter

    Correct Answer
    A. Ileocecal valve
    Explanation
    The ileocecal valve is located at the junction between the small intestine and the large intestine. It acts as a sphincter, preventing food from flowing back into the ileum (part of the small intestine) once it has entered the large intestine. This valve helps to maintain the flow of digested food in one direction, allowing for proper digestion and absorption in the small intestine without backflow.

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  • 15. 

    ____________ are lymph capillaries in the core of villi which absorbs fats.

    • Peyer's patches

    • Lacteals

    • Border brushes

    • Serosa

    Correct Answer
    A. Lacteals
    Explanation
    Lacteals are lymph capillaries in the core of villi that absorb fats.

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  • 16. 

    ____________ reactions are decomposition reactions

    • Catabolic

    • Anabolic

    • Catastrophic

    • Anaerobic

    Correct Answer
    A. Catabolic
    Explanation
    Catabolic reactions refer to the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy in the process. These reactions are often involved in the process of cellular respiration, where carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are broken down to produce ATP, the energy currency of cells. This is in contrast to anabolic reactions, which involve the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy input. Therefore, catabolic reactions are decomposition reactions as they involve the breaking down of molecules.

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  • 17. 

    Females have a _________ BMR than males. 

    Correct Answer
    lower
    Explanation
    Females have more fatty tissue, and males have more muscle mass.

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  • 18. 

    ________ contains cholesterol, fats, phospholipids, pigments and electrolytes

    Correct Answer
    Bile
    bile
    Explanation
    Bile is a substance produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It contains cholesterol, fats, phospholipids, pigments, and electrolytes. Bile plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of fats. It helps emulsify fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets that can be easily digested by enzymes. Bile also aids in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and eliminates waste products from the body. Overall, bile is essential for the proper functioning of the digestive system.

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  • 19. 

    _____ salts ________ fats.

    Correct Answer
    Bile, emulsify
    bile, emulsify
    Explanation
    Bile is a substance produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. Bile contains bile salts, which act as emulsifiers. Emulsification is the process of breaking down large fat globules into smaller droplets, increasing their surface area and allowing enzymes called lipases to efficiently break them down into smaller molecules that can be easily absorbed by the body. Therefore, bile salts in bile help to emulsify fats, aiding in their digestion and absorption.

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  • 20. 

    The intramural plexus is made up of the ___________ plexus in the submucosa and the ____________ plexus in the muscularis.

    Correct Answer
    submucosal, myenteric
    Explanation
    The submucosal plexus is also called the Meissner's plexus, and the myenteric plexus is also known as the Auerbach's plexus.

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  • 21. 

    It is possible to overdose on ______-soluble vitamins.

    Correct Answer
    fat
    Explanation
    They are stored in fat and not excreted in urine as water-soluble vitamins are.

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  • 22. 

    __________ _________ is the process for converting amino acids to intermediate of the Krebs' cycle. _________ is removed from the amino acid and converted to _____ and eliminated by the kidneys

    Correct Answer
    Oxidative deamination, Ammonia, urea
    oxidative deamination, ammonia, urea
    Explanation
    Oxidative deamination is the process in which an amino group is removed from an amino acid. The amino group is then converted to ammonia, which is toxic to the body. To eliminate the toxicity, the liver converts ammonia into urea, which is then excreted by the kidneys. Therefore, the correct answer is oxidative deamination, ammonia, urea.

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  • 23. 

    Which vitamins are fat soluble?

    • A

    • D

    • E

    • K

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    All of the vitamins listed (A, D, E, and K) are fat soluble. This means that they are absorbed and stored in the body's fat tissues. Unlike water-soluble vitamins, which are not stored in the body and need to be replenished regularly, fat-soluble vitamins can be stored for longer periods of time. They are also best absorbed when consumed with dietary fat.

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  • 24. 

    The thoracic duct is part of the ______________ system.

    Correct Answer
    lymphatic
    lymph
    Explanation
    The thoracic duct is a major component of the lymphatic system. It is responsible for collecting lymph, a clear fluid that contains white blood cells and waste products, from various parts of the body and returning it to the bloodstream. The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in immune function and maintaining fluid balance in the body. Therefore, the correct answer is "lymphatic" as it accurately describes the system that the thoracic duct is a part of.

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  • 25. 

    What is responsible for the intrinsic regulation of digestion?

    • Solar plexus

    • Cerebellum

    • Cerebral cortex

    • Intramural plexus

    Correct Answer
    A. Intramural plexus
    Explanation
    The intramural plexus is responsible for the intrinsic regulation of digestion. This network of nerves is located within the walls of the digestive organs and helps to control the movement and function of the gastrointestinal tract. It regulates processes such as peristalsis, the rhythmic contractions that propel food through the digestive system, and the secretion of digestive enzymes and hormones. The intramural plexus works independently of the central nervous system and is essential for maintaining proper digestion and absorption of nutrients.

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  • 26. 

    The _________ ___________ controls the exit of food from the _________ to the ___________ intestine.

    Correct Answer
    pyloric sphincter, stomach, small
    Explanation
    The pyloric sphincter is a ring of muscle located at the lower end of the stomach. It controls the exit of food from the stomach to the small intestine. The contraction and relaxation of the pyloric sphincter help regulate the flow of partially digested food, allowing it to pass through in small amounts for further digestion and absorption in the small intestine.

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  • 27. 

    ______________ reactions are synthesis reactions.

    • Catabolic

    • Anabolic

    • Catastrophic

    • Anaerobic

    Correct Answer
    A. Anabolic
    Explanation
    Anabolic reactions refer to the metabolic processes in which complex molecules are synthesized from simpler ones, requiring energy input. These reactions are responsible for building up larger molecules and storing energy. In contrast, catabolic reactions involve the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy. Catastrophic and anaerobic are unrelated to the given question and do not provide a relevant explanation.

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  • 28. 

    _____  causes the pancreas to secrete an enzyme rich juice, which is used to digest macromolecules.

    Correct Answer
    CCK
    cck
    Explanation
    CCK (cholecystokinin) is a hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release an enzyme-rich juice. This juice is necessary for the digestion of macromolecules.

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  • 29. 

    This prevents digestion, by enzymes and the acidic environment, of the stomach itself.

    • Villi

    • Gall bladder

    • Mucus

    • Chyme

    • Bile

    Correct Answer
    A. Mucus
    Explanation
    Mucus is the correct answer because it forms a protective layer in the stomach, preventing digestion by enzymes and the acidic environment. Mucus acts as a barrier between the stomach lining and the stomach contents, preventing damage to the stomach tissue.

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  • 30. 

    During the ____________ phase, saliva  is produced in the mouth and digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach.

    Correct Answer
    cephalic
    Explanation
    This is triggered by the smell, taste, sight or thought of food.

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  • 31. 

    The pH of saliva is around __.

    Correct Answer
    7
    seven
    Explanation
    The pH of saliva is around 7, which is considered neutral on the pH scale. Saliva helps to maintain a neutral pH in the mouth, which is important for overall oral health. A neutral pH is necessary to prevent tooth decay and maintain a healthy balance of bacteria in the mouth.

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  • 32. 

    Chief cells secrete _____________.

    Correct Answer
    pepsinogen
    pepsinogen.
    Explanation
    Chief cells in the stomach secrete pepsinogen, which is an inactive form of the enzyme pepsin. Pepsinogen is then activated by the acidic environment in the stomach to form pepsin, which helps in the digestion of proteins. The repetition of "pepsinogen" in the answer suggests that it is the correct answer.

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  • 33. 

    This is a double layer of serous membranes the hold organs in place, provides a route for blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics, and stores adipose tissue.

    • Cecum

    • Ileum

    • Pannus

    • Omentum

    • Mesentary

    Correct Answer
    A. Mesentary
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "mesentary." The mesentery is a double layer of serous membranes that hold organs in place, provide a route for blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics, and store adipose tissue. It plays a crucial role in supporting and protecting the organs in the abdominal cavity.

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  • 34. 

    The ________ causes pancreatic secretions during the cephalic and gastric phases of gastric secretion

    • Stomach

    • Parasympathetic nervous system

    • Liver

    • Sympathetic nervous system

    • Pancreas

    Correct Answer
    A. Parasympathetic nervous system
    Explanation
    During the cephalic and gastric phases of gastric secretion, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for causing pancreatic secretions. This is because the parasympathetic nervous system stimulates the release of digestive enzymes and hormones from the pancreas, which aid in the digestion of food in the stomach.

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  • 35. 

    What are the two sub-phases of the intestinal phase of digestion?  __________ and _________

    Correct Answer
    excitatory, inhibitory
    inhibitory, excitatory
    Explanation
    The intestinal phase of digestion consists of two sub-phases: the excitatory phase and the inhibitory phase. During the excitatory phase, the intestines are stimulated to increase their activity and secretion of digestive enzymes. This helps to further break down food and absorb nutrients. In contrast, the inhibitory phase slows down the activity of the intestines and decreases the secretion of digestive enzymes. This allows for the regulation of digestion and prevents overstimulation.

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  • 36. 

    ___________ i s an electron carrier which shuttles electrons from the Krebs' cycle to the electron transport chain.

    • NADH

    • Lactic acid

    • KADH

    • LDL

    Correct Answer
    A. NADH
    Explanation
    NADH is an electron carrier that plays a crucial role in cellular respiration. It is produced during the Krebs' cycle and carries electrons to the electron transport chain, where they are used to generate ATP. NADH is an important molecule in energy production and is essential for the efficient functioning of the cell. Lactic acid, KADH, and LDL are not involved in electron transport and do not serve as electron carriers.

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  • 37. 

    The central veins of liver lobules unite to form the _______ _____.

    Correct Answer
    hepatic vein
    Explanation
    The central veins of liver lobules come together to form the hepatic vein. The hepatic vein is responsible for draining deoxygenated blood from the liver and carrying it back to the heart. It plays a crucial role in the liver's function of filtering and processing blood.

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  • 38. 

    As partially digested chyme enters the small intestine, intestinal cells secrete intestinal gastrin.  This happens during the ________ sub-phase of the _________ phase.

    Correct Answer
    excitatory, intestinal
    Explanation
    During the excitatory sub-phase of the intestinal phase, partially digested chyme enters the small intestine and triggers the secretion of intestinal gastrin by the intestinal cells. This hormone helps to stimulate the release of digestive enzymes and increase the motility of the intestines, aiding in the further breakdown and absorption of nutrients.

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  • 39. 

    When oxygen is not present in sufficient amounts (ie strenuous exercise) during glycolosis, what is produced?

    Correct Answer
    Lactic acid
    lactic acid
    Explanation
    Lactic acid is the result of the addition of 2 hydrogen atoms to pyruvic acid. Lactic acid is transported to the liver and is oxidized back to pyruvic acid when oxygen is again available.

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  • 40. 

    The pH of an empty stomach would be __________ than the pH of a full stomach.

    Correct Answer
    lower
    Explanation
    The pH of an empty stomach is around 2.

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  • 41. 

    A blood vessel which supplies the liver with oxygenated blood. It supplies 20% of the liver's blood.

    • Hepatic vein

    • Hepatic portal vein

    • Hepatic artery

    • Central vein

    • Inferior vena cava

    Correct Answer
    A. Hepatic artery
    Explanation
    The hepatic artery is the correct answer because it is the blood vessel that supplies the liver with oxygenated blood. It carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the liver, providing the liver with the necessary nutrients and oxygen it needs to function properly. It is responsible for supplying about 20% of the liver's blood.

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  • 42. 

    Proteins yield ___ calories of energy per gram, fats yield __ calories of energy per gram, and carbohydrates yield __ calories of energy per gram.

    Correct Answer
    4, 9, 4
    four, nine, four
    Explanation
    Proteins yield 4 calories of energy per gram, fats yield 9 calories of energy per gram, and carbohydrates yield 4 calories of energy per gram. This is a standard measure used in nutrition to determine the energy content of different macronutrients.

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  • 43. 

    Low pH increases gastrin release.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The statement "Low pH increases gastrin release" is false. Gastrin is a hormone that stimulates the secretion of gastric acid in the stomach. However, it is released in response to high pH levels, not low pH levels. When the pH in the stomach becomes too high (above 3.0), gastrin is released to stimulate the production of acid to lower the pH. Therefore, low pH levels would not increase gastrin release.

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  • 44. 

    The presence of food in the stomach stimulates stretch receptors which relay this information to the medulla oblongata. The medulla stimulates endocrine cells in the stomach to secrete the hormone _____ into the circulatory system. ______ stimulates the stomach to secrete gastric juice.

    • Gastrin

    • Motilin

    • Secretin

    • CCK

    • GIP

    Correct Answer
    A. Gastrin
    Explanation
    When food is present in the stomach, stretch receptors are stimulated and send signals to the medulla oblongata. The medulla then stimulates endocrine cells in the stomach to release the hormone Gastrin into the bloodstream. Gastrin acts on the stomach to stimulate the secretion of gastric juice.

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  • 45. 

    Both bile and pancreatic juice have a(n) __________ pH.

    Correct Answer
    alkaline
    high
    Explanation
    Both bile and pancreatic juice have an alkaline pH. This means that they have a high pH level, which is above 7 on the pH scale. The alkaline nature of these fluids is important for their functions in the digestive system. Bile helps in the emulsification and digestion of fats, while pancreatic juice contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The alkaline pH helps to neutralize the acidic chyme that enters the small intestine from the stomach, creating a suitable environment for the digestive enzymes to work effectively.

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  • 46. 

    What are the two phases of gastric secretion?  __________ and ___________

    Correct Answer
    intestinal, cephalic
    cephalic, intestinal
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "intestinal, cephalic". Gastric secretion occurs in two phases: the cephalic phase and the intestinal phase. The cephalic phase is the initial phase of gastric secretion that is triggered by the sight, smell, taste, or thought of food. It involves the release of gastric juices and enzymes in preparation for digestion. The intestinal phase occurs after food enters the stomach and involves the release of hormones and enzymes to further break down the food and aid in absorption.

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  • 47. 

    A blood vessel which drains venous blood into the liver from the entire gastrointestinal tract. It supplies the remaining 80% of the liver's blood.

    • Hepatic vein

    • Hepatic portal vein

    • Hepatic artery

    • Central vein

    • Inferior vena cava

    Correct Answer
    A. Hepatic portal vein
    Explanation
    The hepatic portal vein is the correct answer because it is the blood vessel that drains venous blood from the entire gastrointestinal tract into the liver. It is responsible for supplying 80% of the liver's blood. The other options, such as the hepatic vein, hepatic artery, central vein, and inferior vena cava, are not involved in draining blood from the gastrointestinal tract into the liver.

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  • 48. 

    _______ is a plant-derived, water ___________ polysaccharide.  One example is _________.

    Correct Answer
    Starch, insoluble, glucose
    Explanation
    Starch is a plant-derived, water-insoluble polysaccharide. It is made up of glucose molecules.

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  • 49. 

    ________ __________ __________ are building blocks of protein that the body needs and does not synthesize.

    Correct Answer
    Essential amino acids
    Explanation
    Essential amino acids are the building blocks of protein that are necessary for the body but cannot be produced by the body itself. These amino acids must be obtained through the diet. They play a crucial role in various physiological processes such as muscle growth, tissue repair, and hormone production. Without an adequate intake of essential amino acids, the body may experience protein deficiency, which can lead to impaired growth, weakened immune function, and other health problems.

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  • Mar 22, 2023
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