Overla - Groups And Formal Organizations
Questions and Answers
- 1.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of members of a group?
- A.
They have at least one interest or goal in common
- B.
They take each others behavior into account
- C.
They are in contact with one another
- D.
They all have the same social status
Correct Answer
D. They all have the same social statusExplanation
Members of a group do not necessarily have the same social status. Social status refers to the position or rank that an individual holds in society, based on factors such as wealth, occupation, or education. In a group, members may come from different social backgrounds and have varying levels of social status. The other characteristics mentioned, such as having at least one interest or goal in common, taking each other's behavior into account, and being in contact with one another, are all commonly associated with group membership.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of domination?
- A.
Physical force
- B.
Imprisonment
- C.
Ridicule
- D.
Cooperation
Correct Answer
D. CooperationExplanation
Cooperation is not a characteristic of domination because domination typically involves one party exerting power and control over another, often through force, imprisonment, or ridicule. Cooperation, on the other hand, implies working together in a mutually beneficial and equal manner, without any form of dominance or control.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Authority refers to using power
- A.
To promote conflict
- B.
In a socially approved way
- C.
To discriminate against specific social categories of people
- D.
In an illegal way
Correct Answer
B. In a socially approved wayExplanation
Authority refers to the legitimate power or control that someone has over others, typically derived from their position or role in a social or organizational structure. When authority is used to promote conflict in a socially approved way, it means that those in power are allowed to use their influence or position to manage or resolve conflicts within a society or group, as long as it is done in a manner that is accepted or sanctioned by the larger community. This could involve mediating disputes, enforcing rules or regulations, or maintaining order and stability.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Primary relationships are more likely to develop if the size of the group is small. What is the main reason for this fact?
- A.
It is easier to know individuals well when you are in a small group rather than in a large group
- B.
Large groups tend to be more coercive
- C.
Large groups tend to be more informal and therefore there is a less structured environment in which to get to know people
- D.
Large groups tend to meet more often than small groups
Correct Answer
A. It is easier to know individuals well when you are in a small group rather than in a large groupExplanation
In a small group, there are fewer people, allowing for more personal interactions and opportunities to get to know individuals on a deeper level. With fewer distractions and a more intimate setting, it becomes easier to establish and develop primary relationships. In contrast, large groups can be overwhelming, making it harder to form personal connections and get to know individuals well. Therefore, the main reason for primary relationships being more likely to develop in small groups is the ease of knowing individuals well in a smaller setting.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A motel manager requires that all maids wear the same uniform or they will be fired. This is an example of _____
- A.
Cooperation
- B.
Conflict
- C.
Coercion
- D.
Conformity
Correct Answer
C. CoercionExplanation
The given situation of a motel manager requiring maids to wear the same uniform or face termination indicates the use of coercion. Coercion refers to the act of using force, threats, or intimidation to make someone comply with certain demands or rules. In this case, the manager is using the threat of termination to enforce the rule of wearing a uniform, thereby coercing the maids into conformity.Rate this question:
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- 6.
When any of the maids on a motels staff is not feeling well, it is understood that the other maids will help her out by doing part of her work. This is an example of _____
- A.
Social exchange
- B.
Cooperation
- C.
Conformity
- D.
Coercion
Correct Answer
B. CooperationExplanation
The given scenario exemplifies cooperation. Cooperation refers to individuals working together towards a common goal or objective. In this case, when one maid is not feeling well, the other maids voluntarily offer their assistance by taking on some of her workload. This demonstrates a willingness to collaborate and support each other, which is a key aspect of cooperation.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Thirty retired people who go on a two-week tour of Europe together are an example of a _____
- A.
Primary group
- B.
Secondary group
- C.
Social network
- D.
Formal group
Correct Answer
B. Secondary groupExplanation
A secondary group refers to a larger, impersonal group of individuals who come together for a specific purpose or goal, where personal relationships are not as strong or intimate as in a primary group. In this case, the thirty retired people going on a two-week tour of Europe together can be considered a secondary group because they are coming together for a specific purpose (touring Europe) and may not have strong personal relationships or intimate connections with each other.Rate this question:
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- 8.
According to conflict theory, which of the following is the main method of controlling conflict in prisons?
- A.
The superior power of the guards
- B.
The desire on the part of the inmates to get along with one another
- C.
Cable television
- D.
Training programs offered to inmates to further their education
Correct Answer
A. The superior power of the guardsExplanation
According to conflict theory, the main method of controlling conflict in prisons is through the superior power of the guards. Conflict theory suggests that those in positions of power, such as the guards in a prison, use their authority and control to maintain order and prevent conflicts among the inmates. This can involve the use of force, strict rules and regulations, and the establishment of a hierarchical system where the guards have the ultimate power and control over the inmates.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Bureaucracies (an organization like our school or IBM)
- A.
Keep written records of their activities
- B.
Encourage the promotion of people based on social connections and family relationships
- C.
Are informal organizations
- D.
Rarely have written rules and procedures
Correct Answer
A. Keep written records of their activitiesExplanation
Bureaucracies are known for their emphasis on documentation and record-keeping. This is because keeping written records of their activities allows bureaucracies to maintain transparency, accountability, and continuity. These records serve as evidence of decision-making processes, actions taken, and outcomes achieved, which can be crucial for auditing, evaluation, and future reference. Additionally, written records help ensure consistency in operations, facilitate communication and coordination among different departments, and provide a historical perspective for organizational learning and improvement. Therefore, it is essential for bureaucracies to keep written records of their activities.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A group of neighbors believes that the city government is not removing snow from their streets frequently enough in the winter. This group sends representatives to the city council to present the problem. This neighborhood group is an example of _____
- A.
A primary relationship
- B.
A formal group
- C.
An informal group
- D.
A social category
Correct Answer
C. An informal groupExplanation
The neighborhood group in this scenario is an example of an informal group. This is because the group is formed by the neighbors themselves, without any formal structure or organization. They have come together based on a shared concern or interest, in this case, the issue of snow removal. They are not bound by any official rules or regulations, but rather have voluntarily joined forces to address a common problem.Rate this question:
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- 11.
In the previous quesion, the city council would be an example of _____
- A.
A primary relationship
- B.
A formal group
- C.
An informal group
- D.
A social category
Correct Answer
B. A formal groupExplanation
The city council can be considered a formal group because it is a structured organization with a defined purpose and specific roles and responsibilities for its members. It operates according to established rules and procedures, and its members are expected to adhere to certain norms and expectations. The city council also has a clear hierarchy and authority structure, with a designated leader and decision-making processes in place.Rate this question:
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- 12.
A hierarchy of authority (those with the least power at the bottom, those with the most power at the top)
- A.
Should not exist in a bureaucracy
- B.
Usually exists in informal organizations but is not necessary in formal organizations
- C.
Is shaped like a pyramid
- D.
Uses coercion and conflict to force people to follow unwritten rules
Correct Answer
C. Is shaped like a pyramidExplanation
The correct answer is "is shaped like a pyramid." This answer is supported by the statement in the question that mentions a hierarchy of authority, with those with the least power at the bottom and those with the most power at the top. This description is commonly associated with a pyramid-shaped organizational structure, where power and authority flow from top to bottom.Rate this question:
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- 13.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a group?
- A.
The members of a tennis team
- B.
All of the people attending a performance of a community play on a Friday night
- C.
A fourth grade class
- D.
A family
Correct Answer
B. All of the people attending a performance of a community play on a Friday nightExplanation
All of the people attending a performance of a community play on a Friday night is not an example of a group because they are individuals who are not necessarily interacting or working together towards a common goal. A group typically refers to a collection of individuals who have some form of shared identity, purpose, or objective, and engage in regular interaction or collaboration. In contrast, the other options listed - the members of a tennis team, a fourth grade class, and a family - all involve individuals who come together as a cohesive unit with a shared purpose or relationship.Rate this question:
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- 14.
You are buying a house and have several appointments with your lawyer concerning completing the necessary paperwork. This is an example of a _____
- A.
Secondary relationship
- B.
Primary relationship
- C.
Social aggregate
- D.
Social category
Correct Answer
A. Secondary relationshipExplanation
This scenario represents a secondary relationship because it involves a specific interaction between the individual (buyer) and their lawyer. It is a relationship that is formed for a specific purpose or goal, in this case, completing the necessary paperwork for buying a house. It is not a primary relationship, which typically refers to close, intimate relationships like family or close friends. It is also not a social aggregate or social category, which refer to broader groups or classifications of people.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Marie's best friend lives across the street from her and they spend most of their free time together. This is an example of a _____
- A.
Secondary relationship
- B.
Primary relationship
- C.
Social aggregate
- D.
Social category
Correct Answer
B. Primary relationshipExplanation
The given scenario describes a close and intimate bond between Marie and her best friend, indicating a primary relationship. Primary relationships are characterized by emotional closeness, mutual trust, and a significant investment of time and effort. In this case, the fact that Marie and her best friend spend most of their free time together suggests a strong and meaningful connection, making it an example of a primary relationship.Rate this question:
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- 16.
Many of the residents of a small town have joined together to create a neighborhood park. This collection of people is an example of a _____
- A.
Social aggregate
- B.
Social category
- C.
Primary group
- D.
Secondary group
Correct Answer
D. Secondary groupExplanation
A secondary group refers to a larger, impersonal collection of individuals who come together for a specific purpose or goal. In this case, the residents of the small town have joined together to create a neighborhood park, indicating that they have come together for a common purpose. This group is likely to be temporary and task-oriented, rather than having strong personal relationships or emotional connections. Therefore, the residents creating a neighborhood park can be considered as an example of a secondary group.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Retired people over the age of 78 who are African - American and receiving Medicare payments are an example of _____
- A.
Secondary group
- B.
Primary group
- C.
Social aggregate
- D.
Social category
Correct Answer
D. Social categoryExplanation
Retired people over the age of 78 who are African-American and receiving Medicare payments are an example of a social category. A social category refers to a group of people who share a common characteristic, in this case, being retired, over the age of 78, African-American, and receiving Medicare payments. However, they may not necessarily interact or have strong social ties with one another, distinguishing them from a primary group. Additionally, they may not have a shared sense of identity or purpose, differentiating them from a secondary group. Therefore, the term "social category" best describes this group of individuals.Rate this question:
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- 18.
Workers at an insurance company are expected to work five hours of overtime a week without extra pay. If they do not, the boss has implied that they will probably never receive a promotion within the company. Which of the following best describes this situation?
- A.
Cooperation
- B.
Conflict
- C.
Coercion
- D.
Conformity
Correct Answer
C. CoercionExplanation
The given situation can be described as coercion because the boss is using implied threats to force the workers to work overtime without extra pay. The workers are being compelled to comply with the boss's demands in order to avoid negative consequences, such as never receiving a promotion. This creates a power dynamic where the boss exerts control over the workers through fear or intimidation.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Those people present at a grocery store when a fire starts are an example of a _____
- A.
Secondary group
- B.
Primary group
- C.
Social aggregate
- D.
Social category
Correct Answer
C. Social aggregateExplanation
In this scenario, the people present at a grocery store when a fire starts can be considered as a social aggregate. A social aggregate refers to a collection of individuals who happen to be in the same place at the same time, but do not necessarily interact or have any shared goals or identity. In this case, the individuals are simply present at the grocery store due to their individual needs or circumstances, and their interaction is limited to the immediate situation of the fire. They do not have any pre-existing relationships or ongoing connections with each other, which would be characteristic of a primary or secondary group.Rate this question:
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- 20.
A group of heart surgeons meet to discuss the upcoming operation of a patient. There are 12 cardiac experts in the group. Eleven of them believe that the surgury should take place tomorrow, using the new equipment just purchased by the hospital for the very first time. The one surgeon who objects states that the equipment has not been properly tested for the type of surgery that this patient requires. The other eleven surgeons dismiss this doctors ideas and go ahead with the operation. The patient dies. This is a good example of _____
- A.
a primary group
- B.
A social network
- C.
A bureaucracy
- D.
Groupthink
Correct Answer
D. GroupthinkExplanation
This scenario is a good example of groupthink. Groupthink occurs when a group of individuals prioritize harmony and consensus over critical thinking and individual opinions. In this case, the eleven surgeons dismiss the concerns of the one surgeon who objects to using the new equipment because they want to maintain harmony and avoid conflict. This lack of critical thinking and consideration of alternative perspectives leads to a poor decision and ultimately the death of the patient.Rate this question:
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- 21.
Bureaucracies are rarely seen in postindustrial societies because computers have made them obsolete.
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement is false because bureaucracies are still present in postindustrial societies, despite the advancements in technology. While computers have certainly streamlined certain bureaucratic processes, they have not made bureaucracies obsolete. Bureaucracies continue to exist in order to manage complex organizations, ensure accountability, and make important decisions. They play a crucial role in maintaining order and efficiency in various sectors such as government, corporations, and non-profit organizations.Rate this question:
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- 22.
Members of a group must have contact with one another (in some way, shape, or form, and for some amount of time)
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
This statement is true because for a group to function effectively, its members need to have some form of communication or interaction with each other. This can be in person, through phone or video calls, or even through written communication. Without any contact, it would be difficult for the group members to collaborate, share ideas, and make decisions together. Therefore, contact among group members is essential for the group's success.Rate this question:
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- 23.
If the leaders of a group try to listen to everyone's opinions, the chances of groupthink are reduced
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
When leaders actively listen to everyone's opinions, it creates an environment where individuals feel heard and valued. This encourages diverse perspectives and reduces the likelihood of groupthink, which is a phenomenon where group members conform to a unanimous decision without critically evaluating alternatives. By considering multiple viewpoints, leaders can make more informed decisions and avoid the pitfalls of groupthink, such as overlooking potential flaws or risks. Therefore, the statement is true.Rate this question:
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- 24.
A collection of people who share e-mail on the subject of coaching soccer (which I do) is an example of a group
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
This statement is false because a collection of people who share e-mail on the subject of coaching soccer is an example of an online community or a mailing list, not a group. A group implies a physical gathering or a specific organization with a shared purpose, while an online community or mailing list can include individuals from different locations who share a common interest or topic of discussion.Rate this question:
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- 25.
In a social exchange, a person is involuntarily forced to do something that he or she does not want to do
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
B. FalseExplanation
The statement suggests that in a social exchange, a person is forced to do something against their will. However, this is not true. In a social exchange, individuals voluntarily engage in interactions where they give and receive benefits. It is a mutual and consensual process where both parties agree to participate. Therefore, the correct answer is false.Rate this question:
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- 26.
The norms that people adopt when they are part of a group may be quite different from their individual norms
- A.
True
- B.
False
Correct Answer
A. TrueExplanation
When individuals become part of a group, they tend to adopt the norms and behaviors that are expected within that group. These group norms may differ from their individual norms, as individuals may feel pressure to conform to the group's standards and expectations. This can result in individuals behaving differently when they are part of a group compared to when they are alone. Therefore, it is true that the norms people adopt when they are part of a group can be quite different from their individual norms.Rate this question:
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- 27.
Cutting your hair short because your friends cut their hair short
- A.
Coercion
- B.
Cooperation
- C.
Conformity
Correct Answer
C. ConformityExplanation
The correct answer is conformity. Conformity refers to the tendency to adjust one's thoughts, beliefs, or behaviors to match those of a group. In this scenario, the individual is cutting their hair short because their friends have done the same, indicating a desire to fit in and conform to the group's norms. This behavior is driven by the need to be accepted and approved by others, rather than personal choice or preference.Rate this question:
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- 28.
Helping a classmate study for an algebra test in return for their loaning you their car for Saturday night
- A.
Primary relationship
- B.
Social exchange
- C.
Cooperation
Correct Answer
B. Social exchangeExplanation
The given scenario describes a situation where one person helps their classmate study for an algebra test in exchange for borrowing their car for Saturday night. This is an example of social exchange, as both individuals are engaging in a reciprocal exchange where they trade something of value to meet their respective needs or desires. The act of helping with studying is seen as a favor, and in return, the person receives access to the car. This demonstrates a social exchange where both parties benefit from the interaction.Rate this question:
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- 29.
Club members having a car wash to raise money for cancer research
- A.
Coercion
- B.
Social exchange
- C.
Cooperation
Correct Answer
C. CooperationExplanation
The correct answer is cooperation because in this scenario, club members are working together to organize a car wash event in order to raise money for cancer research. Cooperation refers to individuals working together towards a common goal, and in this case, the club members are collaborating and pooling their efforts to support a charitable cause.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Punching your brother in the face over how you should split money both of you earned raking leaves.
- A.
Conflict
- B.
Conformity
- C.
Social exchange
Correct Answer
A. ConflictExplanation
The situation described in the question involves a disagreement between two individuals, specifically punching one's brother in the face, which indicates aggression and hostility. This aggressive behavior over the division of money earned from raking leaves highlights a conflict between the two brothers. Conflict refers to a disagreement or clash between individuals or groups, often arising from differing opinions, interests, or goals.Rate this question:
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- 31.
Pat's parents telling her that the only way she can keep her job is if she maintains a 3.5 grade point average.
- A.
Conflict
- B.
Secondary relationship
- C.
Coercion
Correct Answer
C. CoercionExplanation
The given scenario suggests that Pat's parents are using coercion to influence her behavior. Coercion refers to the act of using force or threats to make someone do something against their will. In this case, Pat's parents are pressuring her to maintain a specific grade point average in order to keep her job. This implies that they are using their authority or power to manipulate her into behaving in a certain way.Rate this question:
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- 32.
A person's interactions with an unknown store clerk
- A.
Primary relationship
- B.
Secondary relationship
- C.
Cooperation
Correct Answer
B. Secondary relationshipExplanation
A person's interactions with an unknown store clerk can be categorized as a secondary relationship. This is because the interaction is temporary and transactional in nature, with no personal or emotional connection between the individuals involved. The store clerk is simply providing a service to the person, and once the transaction is complete, the relationship ends. It is not a primary relationship as it does not involve a deeper level of connection or ongoing interaction. Cooperation is not an appropriate categorization as it implies a collaborative effort, which may not be present in this situation.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Feb 07, 2011Quiz Created by
Overlagary
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