Otterbein/Grant CRNA Diuretics Review

Example - acetazolamide

Thiazide and loop diuretics are both types of diuretic medications that work by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions in the kidneys. This leads to increased excretion of these ions in the urine, which in turn promotes water excretion and reduces fluid volume in the body. Therefore, the statement that both thiazide and loop diuretics mechanism of action are based upon inhibiting the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions is true.

Osmotic diuretics work by increasing osmolarity. This means that they increase the concentration of solutes in the filtrate, which prevents water reabsorption in the kidneys. As a result, more water remains in the urine, leading to increased urine output. Additionally, the increased osmolarity also prevents the reabsorption of sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl-), and bicarbonate (HCO3-) ions, further contributing to the loss of water and electrolytes.

Aldosterone antagonists are drugs that bind to cytoplasmic mineralocorticoid receptors on collecting ducts. By doing so, they inhibit the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl-, which leads to increased excretion of these ions. Additionally, they prevent the secretion of K+, further contributing to increased excretion of this ion. This mechanism of action helps to reduce fluid retention and lower blood pressure. Therefore, the given correct answer, Aldosterone, is the hormone that these antagonists target to produce their effects.

Work at dopamine receptors throughout renal tubules

K+ sparing diuretics are a type of medication that work by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl-), and bicarbonate (HCO3) in the distal convoluted tubules of the kidneys. By doing so, these diuretics prevent the excretion of potassium (K+), hence the term "K+ sparing." Therefore, the statement that K+ sparing diuretics inhibit Na+, Cl-, and HCO3 reabsorption and K+ secretion in the distal convoluted tubules is true.