Elements, Atoms, Bonding And The Periodic Table Flash Quiz

The noble gases have eight valence electrons, which means they have a full outer electron shell. This stable electron configuration makes them highly unreactive and unlikely to form chemical bonds with other elements. Therefore, noble gases do not react easily with other elements.

The correct answer is "Anything that has mass and occupies space." This definition accurately describes matter, as it encompasses both the concept of mass (which refers to the amount of matter in an object) and the idea that matter takes up physical space. This definition is widely accepted in the scientific community and is consistent with our understanding of matter.

A compound is made of two or more elements chemically combined. This means that the atoms of different elements in a compound are bonded together in a specific ratio and arrangement. This chemical combination results in a substance with different properties than the individual elements. In contrast, an element is a pure substance made up of only one type of atom. Therefore, the correct answer is that a compound is made of two or more elements chemically combined.

The atomic number of an atom refers to the number of protons in its nucleus. Protons are positively charged particles and are one of the fundamental building blocks of an atom. The atomic number determines the identity of an element, as each element has a unique number of protons. The number of protons also determines the overall charge of the atom, as it balances out the negative charge of the electrons. Therefore, the correct answer is that an atom's atomic number is the number of protons in its nucleus.

A period in the Periodic Table ends when the highest energy level has eight electrons. This is because the highest energy level, also known as the valence shell, is the outermost shell of an atom and determines its chemical properties. When this energy level is filled with eight electrons, the atom is considered stable and does not readily form chemical bonds. Therefore, the completion of the valence shell signifies the end of a period in the Periodic Table.

Elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table are called a family because they share similar chemical properties and have the same number of valence electrons. This allows them to have similar reactivity and form similar types of compounds. The elements in a family also tend to have similar physical properties, such as melting and boiling points, atomic radius, and electronegativity. The vertical columns in the periodic table are known as groups or families, and each family is named based on the element at the top of the column.

A compound is a pure substance made up of two or more elements that are combined chemically in a specific ratio. This means that the elements in a compound are bonded together in a specific way, forming a new substance with unique properties. On the other hand, a mixture is two or more substances that are in the same place but are not chemically combined. In a mixture, the substances retain their individual properties and can be separated by physical means.

An electron dot diagram is a representation of an atom's valence electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost energy level of the atom. It is a way to visually depict the arrangement of these valence electrons around the atomic symbol. By showing the number of valence electrons, the electron dot diagram provides information about how atoms can bond with each other to form molecules.

Hydrogen is grouped above the alkali metals because it also has one valence electron. This is significant because the alkali metals, such as lithium and sodium, also have one valence electron. Valence electrons play a crucial role in determining an element's chemical behavior and reactivity. By having one valence electron, hydrogen shares a similarity with the alkali metals, which justifies its placement above them in the periodic table.

An energy level refers to a specific region within an atom where electrons with the same energy are likely to be found. This concept is based on the understanding that electrons exist in discrete energy states or levels within an atom. Each energy level can accommodate a specific number of electrons, and electrons within the same energy level have similar energy values. The arrangement of electrons in different energy levels determines the chemical and physical properties of an atom.

A chemical bond refers to the force that holds atoms together. This force is formed when electrons are shared, paired, or exchanged between atoms. It is this bond that allows atoms to form molecules and compounds. The other options mentioned in the question, such as the nucleus energy level or the exchange of valence electrons, are not complete definitions of a chemical bond.

The correct answer is option 2: "This is a list of mixtures: Air, soil, saltwater, wood, gasoline, concrete and orange juice." This is because all the items listed are combinations of two or more substances that are physically mixed together, without any chemical reaction taking place. Air is a mixture of gases, soil is a mixture of minerals, saltwater is a mixture of salt and water, wood is a mixture of cellulose and other compounds, gasoline is a mixture of hydrocarbons, concrete is a mixture of cement, sand, and gravel, and orange juice is a mixture of water and orange juice concentrate.