Bio 2 Mid-term Exam Review (Fall 2014)

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  • 1/83 Questions

    What is the term for the jelly-like substance that is contained inside the cell membrane?

    • Cytoplasm
    • Nucleus
    • Organelle
    • DNA
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Bio 2 Mid-term Exam Review (Fall 2014) - Quiz
About This Quiz

This Bio 2 Mid-Term Exam Review for Fall 2014 focuses on fundamental biochemistry concepts, assessing knowledge on polymers of amino acids, nucleotides, lipid monomers, DNA nucleotides, and structural carbohydrates. It enhances understanding of molecular biology relevant to academic and professional biology studies.

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  • 2. 

    Which of the following is a network of proteins that supports and gives shape to a cell?

    • Cytoskeleton

    • Cytoplasm

    • Vesicles

    • Vacuoles

    Correct Answer
    A. Cytoskeleton
    Explanation
    The cytoskeleton is a network of proteins that provides structural support and shape to a cell. It is responsible for maintaining cell shape, organizing organelles within the cell, and facilitating cell movement. The cytoskeleton is composed of three main types of protein filaments: microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments. These filaments work together to give the cell its shape and strength, and they also play a role in cell division and intracellular transport. Therefore, the cytoskeleton is the correct answer as it is specifically designed to support and give shape to a cell.

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  • 3. 
    In the diagram to the right, what is structure A? - ProProfs

    In the diagram to the right, what is structure A?

    • Folded inner membrane

    • Mitochondrial matrix

    • Stroma

    • Thylakoid membrane

    Correct Answer
    A. Folded inner membrane
    Explanation
    The diagram mentioned in the question likely depicts a mitochondrion, an organelle found in cells. Structure A, labeled as the "folded inner membrane," refers to the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, which is highly folded to form structures called cristae. These folds increase the surface area available for cellular respiration and ATP production. The other options, such as the mitochondrial matrix (the space inside the inner membrane), stroma (found in chloroplasts), and thylakoid membrane (found in chloroplasts and involved in photosynthesis), do not match the description of structure A in the given context.

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  • 4. 

    Which of the following is a characteristic of anaphase?

    • Nuclear membrane breaks down.

    • Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

    • Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell.

    • The cytoplasm splits.

    Correct Answer
    A. Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
    Explanation
    During anaphase, the sister chromatids, which were held together by the centromere, are separated and pulled towards opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibers. This process ensures that each daughter cell will receive one complete set of chromosomes. The nuclear membrane breaks down during prophase, chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell during metaphase, and the cytoplasm splits during cytokinesis.

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  • 5. 

    Animal cells are the only type of cell that contains mitochondria.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Animal cells are not the only type of cell that contains mitochondria. Mitochondria are present in both animal and plant cells. They are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. Plant cells also contain mitochondria as they require energy for various metabolic processes. Therefore, the statement that animal cells are the only type of cell that contains mitochondria is false.

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  • 6. 

    Which of the following types of organisms uses cellular respiration for their cellular energy needs?

    • Eukaryotes

    • Plants only

    • Animals only

    • Prokaryotes

    Correct Answer
    A. Eukaryotes
    Explanation
    Eukaryotes use cellular respiration for their cellular energy needs. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the energy currency of the cell. Eukaryotes include organisms such as animals, plants, fungi, and protists. They have complex cellular structures, including a nucleus, and their cells are generally larger and more specialized compared to prokaryotes. Therefore, eukaryotes rely on cellular respiration to produce energy for various cellular processes.

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  • 7. 

    Plant cells do not conduct cellular respiration.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Plant cells do conduct cellular respiration. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP. In plant cells, this process occurs in the mitochondria, just like in animal cells. Plant cells require energy for various metabolic activities, growth, and reproduction, which is why they undergo cellular respiration. Therefore, the statement that plant cells do not conduct cellular respiration is false.

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  • 8. 

    What is the term for an organism that makes its own source of chemical energy?

    • Decomposer

    • Producer

    • Chloroplast

    • Protist

    Correct Answer
    A. Producer
    Explanation
    A producer is an organism that has the ability to produce its own source of chemical energy through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. This process involves converting sunlight or inorganic compounds into organic compounds, such as glucose, which can be used as a source of energy. Producers play a crucial role in ecosystems by providing energy for other organisms through the food chain.

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  • 9. 
    Which stage of mitosis is illustrated on the right? - ProProfs

    Which stage of mitosis is illustrated on the right?

    • Prophase

    • Metaphase

    • Telophase

    • Anaphase

    Correct Answer
    A. Anaphase
    Explanation
    The stage of mitosis illustrated on the right is anaphase. In anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite ends of the cell. This is facilitated by the shortening of microtubules and the pulling force exerted by the spindle fibers. The chromosomes are clearly shown moving away from each other in the image, indicating the characteristic feature of anaphase.

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  • 10. 

    If we find life elsewhere in the universe it is likely to look exactly like life on Earth because there is a limited number of proteins that can be formed.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The given statement is false. While it is true that there is a limited number of proteins that can be formed, it does not necessarily mean that life elsewhere in the universe would look exactly like life on Earth. Life on other planets could have different biochemistries and use different building blocks for their proteins. Additionally, the conditions and environments on other planets may be vastly different from Earth, leading to the evolution of different forms of life. Therefore, it is not accurate to assume that life elsewhere in the universe would be identical to life on Earth.

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  • 11. 

    The function of the light-dependent reactions is to

    • Build sugars.

    • Capture and transfer energy.

    • Release carbon dioxide.

    • Form water molecules.

    Correct Answer
    A. Capture and transfer energy.
    Explanation
    The light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis involve capturing and transferring energy from sunlight. During these reactions, light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll molecules in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. This energy is then used to generate high-energy molecules such as ATP and NADPH, which are essential for the subsequent dark reactions that produce sugars. Therefore, the function of the light-dependent reactions is to capture and transfer energy, enabling the synthesis of organic compounds.

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  • 12. 

    Which of the following organelles can be found on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum?

    • Golgi apparatus

    • Mitochondria

    • Ribosomes

    • Centrioles

    Correct Answer
    A. Ribosomes
    Explanation
    Ribosomes can be found on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum. This is because the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis, and ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis. Ribosomes can either be free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum, where they synthesize proteins that are destined to be transported and secreted by the cell. Therefore, ribosomes are the correct answer to this question.

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  • 13. 

    Which organelle is the storehouse for most of a cell's genetic information?

    • Nucleus

    • Mitochondrion

    • Centriole

    • Chloroplast

    Correct Answer
    A. Nucleus
    Explanation
    The nucleus is the storehouse for most of a cell's genetic information. It contains the cell's DNA, which carries the instructions for the cell's structure and function. The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear membrane, which helps protect the DNA and regulate the passage of molecules in and out of the nucleus. Inside the nucleus, the DNA is organized into structures called chromosomes. The nucleus plays a crucial role in controlling the cell's activities and is often referred to as the "control center" of the cell.

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  • 14. 

    Which of the following are end products of glycolysis?

    • Two three-carbon molecules, ATP, and NAD+

    • Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

    • NAD+, oxygen, and two ATP molecules

    • Pyruvate, NADH, and ATP

    Correct Answer
    A. Pyruvate, NADH, and ATP
    Explanation
    Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose into two three-carbon molecules called pyruvate. NADH and ATP are also produced during glycolysis. NADH is a high-energy molecule that carries electrons to the electron transport chain for further energy production. ATP is the main energy currency of the cell. Therefore, the correct answer is pyruvate, NADH, and ATP.

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  • 15. 

    Organic compounds always contain the element ____.

    • Carbon

    • Nitrogen

    • Oxygen

    • Organium

    Correct Answer
    A. Carbon
    Explanation
    Organic compounds are defined as compounds that contain carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms. Carbon is the essential element in organic compounds as it forms strong covalent bonds with other elements, allowing for the formation of complex and diverse organic molecules. Nitrogen and oxygen are also commonly found in organic compounds, but carbon is always present. "Organium" is not a valid element and is not related to organic compounds.

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  • 16. 
    What part is labeled A? - ProProfs

    What part is labeled A?

    • Phosphate

    • Ribose Sugar

    • Nitrogen Base

    • Nucleotide

    Correct Answer
    A. Phosphate
    Explanation
    The correct answer for the part labeled A is "Phosphate." Phosphate is an essential component of a nucleotide, which is the basic building block of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. It consists of a phosphate group, a sugar molecule (ribose or deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base. The phosphate group plays a crucial role in the structure and function of nucleic acids, as it forms the backbone of the DNA or RNA molecule, providing stability and allowing for the attachment of other nucleotides.

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  • 17. 

    Some cells live their entire lives without going through mitosis. These cells are said to be in ___.

    • G zero

    • Purgatory

    • Flux

    • Stem

    Correct Answer
    A. G zero
    Explanation
    Some cells do not undergo mitosis and remain in a non-dividing state called G zero. In this phase, cells temporarily or permanently exit the cell cycle and stop dividing. They may stay in this phase for a long time or indefinitely, performing their specialized functions without the need for replication. This allows for cell differentiation and the maintenance of specialized tissues in the body. The G zero phase is essential for the proper functioning and stability of multicellular organisms.

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  • 18. 
    Which stage of mitosis is illustrated on the right? - ProProfs

    Which stage of mitosis is illustrated on the right?

    • Prophase

    • Metaphase

    • Telophase

    • Anaphase

    Correct Answer
    A. Metaphase
    Explanation
    The stage of mitosis illustrated on the right is metaphase. In metaphase, the chromosomes line up along the equatorial plane of the cell. This alignment ensures that each daughter cell will receive an equal number of chromosomes during cell division. The chromosomes are fully condensed and attached to the spindle fibers at their centromeres. This stage is characterized by the maximum condensation and visibility of chromosomes, making it easily identifiable.

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  • 19. 
    In the diagram to the right, what is structure B? - ProProfs

    In the diagram to the right, what is structure B?

    • Folded inner membrane

    • Mitochondrial matrix

    • Stroma

    • Thylakoid membrane

    Correct Answer
    A. Mitochondrial matrix
    Explanation
    Structure B in the diagram is the mitochondrial matrix. The mitochondrial matrix is the fluid-filled space inside the inner membrane of the mitochondria. It contains enzymes that are involved in various metabolic reactions, such as the citric acid cycle. The matrix also houses the mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes, which are essential for the production of proteins within the mitochondria.

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  • 20. 

    How many ATP are formed from one molecule of glucose during cellular respiration?

    • 2

    • 24

    • 38

    • 50

    Correct Answer
    A. 38
    Explanation
    During cellular respiration, one molecule of glucose produces a total of 38 ATP. This process involves several steps, including glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. In glycolysis, two ATP are produced directly. The Krebs cycle then produces two more ATP. The majority of ATP, however, is generated during the electron transport chain, where the energy stored in NADH and FADH2 is used to create a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This gradient is then used by ATP synthase to produce a total of 34 ATP. Therefore, the correct answer is 38.

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  • 21. 
    In the diagram to the right, the structure labeled D is the ___. - ProProfs

    In the diagram to the right, the structure labeled D is the ___.

    • Stroma

    • Chlorophyll

    • Granum

    • Thylakoid membranes

    Correct Answer
    A. Granum
    Explanation
    In the given diagram, the structure labeled D is the granum. The granum is a stack of thylakoid membranes found in the chloroplasts of plant cells. These thylakoid membranes contain chlorophyll, which is responsible for capturing light energy during photosynthesis. The granum plays a crucial role in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, where the captured light energy is used to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose.

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  • 22. 
    This is a diagram of a monomer called a ___. - ProProfs

    This is a diagram of a monomer called a ___.

    • Phosphate

    • Ribose Sugar

    • Nitrogen Base

    • Nucleotide

    Correct Answer
    A. Nucleotide
    Explanation
    The diagram represents a monomer, which is a single unit that can combine with other units to form a larger molecule. In this case, the diagram includes a phosphate group, a ribose sugar, and a nitrogen base. These three components are characteristic of a nucleotide, which is the monomer unit that makes up nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. Therefore, the correct answer is "Nucleotide".

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  • 23. 

    The process by which plants use sunlight to make glucose is called ___.

    • Photosynthesis

    • Cellular respiration

    • The cell cycle

    • Mitosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Photosynthesis
    Explanation
    Photosynthesis is the correct answer because it is the process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. During photosynthesis, plants use chlorophyll in their leaves to capture sunlight and convert it into chemical energy that is stored in the form of glucose. This process is essential for the survival of plants and is responsible for producing the oxygen that we breathe. Cellular respiration, the cell cycle, and mitosis are unrelated processes that do not involve the conversion of sunlight into glucose.

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  • 24. 

    Which of the following is NOT a nucleotide found in DNA?

    • Adenine

    • Cytosine

    • Uracil

    • Guanine

    Correct Answer
    A. Uracil
    Explanation
    Uracil is not a nucleotide found in DNA. DNA is composed of four nucleotides: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). Uracil (U) is found in RNA instead of DNA. RNA uses uracil instead of thymine as one of its nucleotides. Therefore, uracil is the correct answer as it is not a nucleotide found in DNA.

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  • 25. 
    What part is labeled C? - ProProfs

    What part is labeled C?

    • Phosphate

    • Ribose Sugar

    • Nitrogen Base

    • Nucleotide

    Correct Answer
    A. Nitrogen Base
    Explanation
    In the context of nucleotides, the part labeled C refers to the nitrogen base. Nitrogen bases are the molecules that make up the "rungs" of the DNA ladder and determine the genetic information encoded in the DNA sequence. There are four types of nitrogen bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). In this question, the correct answer is C, which represents the nitrogen base.

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  • 26. 

    The three-carbon molecule formed by glycolysis is ___.

    • Pyruvate

    • NADH

    • Citric acid

    • Carbon dioxide

    Correct Answer
    A. Pyruvate
    Explanation
    Glycolysis is the process by which glucose is broken down into pyruvate. Pyruvate is a three-carbon molecule that is formed as an end product of glycolysis. Therefore, the correct answer is pyruvate.

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  • 27. 

    Which of the following is NOT true of water?

    • It resists change in temperature.

    • It is considered the "universal solvent".

    • It can diffuse through lipids easily.

    • It has unique properties due to its polarity.

    Correct Answer
    A. It can diffuse through lipids easily.
    Explanation
    Water cannot diffuse through lipids easily because lipids are nonpolar molecules, while water is a polar molecule. Polar molecules like water are attracted to other polar molecules and repelled by nonpolar molecules. Lipids, being nonpolar, do not interact well with water and therefore water cannot easily pass through lipid membranes.

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  • 28. 

    What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

    • Convert solar energy to chemical energy

    • Communicate with other cells

    • Process and deliver proteins

    • Copy genetic material

    Correct Answer
    A. Process and deliver proteins
    Explanation
    The Golgi apparatus is responsible for processing and delivering proteins within the cell. It receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and modifies them by adding sugars and other molecules to create functional proteins. It then packages these proteins into vesicles and transports them to their final destination, either within the cell or outside of it. Therefore, the main function of the Golgi apparatus is to process and deliver proteins.

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  • 29. 

    Which of the following is a characteristic of metaphase?

    • Nuclear membrane breaks down.

    • Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

    • Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell.

    • The cytoplasm splits.

    Correct Answer
    A. Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
    Explanation
    In metaphase, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. This is a characteristic of metaphase because it is the stage of mitosis where the chromosomes, which have already duplicated during interphase, align themselves along the equatorial plate of the cell. This alignment is crucial for the subsequent separation of sister chromatids during anaphase. The nuclear membrane has already broken down in prophase, sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell in anaphase, and the cytoplasm splits in cytokinesis, which are not characteristics of metaphase.

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  • 30. 

    Unlike a eukaryoteic cell, a prokaryotic cell does not have...

    • DNA.

    • A nucleus.

    • Cytoplasm.

    • A cell membrane.

    Correct Answer
    A. A nucleus.
    Explanation
    A prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells do not have a defined nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Instead, their DNA is located in the cytoplasm, which is not separated from the rest of the cell by a membrane. Prokaryotic cells have a simpler structure compared to eukaryotic cells, lacking many membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus.

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  • 31. 

    Which of the following is not found in a plant cell?

    • Mitochondria

    • Chloroplast

    • Golgi apparatus

    • Flagella

    Correct Answer
    A. Flagella
    Explanation
    Flagella are not found in plant cells. Flagella are whip-like structures that are responsible for cell movement. While flagella are present in some types of cells, such as bacteria and sperm cells, they are not found in plant cells. Plant cells have cell walls, chloroplasts, mitochondria, and a Golgi apparatus, but they lack flagella.

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  • 32. 

    Why does a runner breathe hard for a few minutes after finishing a race?

    • The runner's cells need oxygen to make lactic acid.

    • The runner's cells continue the fermentation process.

    • The runner's cells are making up for an oxygen deficit.

    • The runner's cells cannot perform glycolysis.

    Correct Answer
    A. The runner's cells are making up for an oxygen deficit.
    Explanation
    After finishing a race, a runner breathes hard for a few minutes because their cells are making up for an oxygen deficit. During the race, the runner's cells require a high amount of oxygen to produce energy through cellular respiration. However, the demand for oxygen exceeds the supply, leading to an oxygen deficit. After the race, the body needs to replenish the oxygen levels in the cells and remove the accumulated lactic acid, which is responsible for the heavy breathing.

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  • 33. 

    Which of the following monomers make up a lipid?

    • Glycerol and fatty acid

    • Glycerol and amino acids

    • Glycerol and nucleic acids

    • Thymine and guanine

    Correct Answer
    A. Glycerol and fatty acid
    Explanation
    Lipids are composed of glycerol and fatty acids. Glycerol is a three-carbon alcohol with hydroxyl groups, while fatty acids are long hydrocarbon chains with a carboxyl group at one end. These two monomers combine through dehydration synthesis, forming ester bonds between the hydroxyl groups of glycerol and the carboxyl groups of fatty acids. This combination results in the formation of triglycerides, which are the main components of lipids found in organisms. Therefore, the correct answer is glycerol and fatty acid.

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  • 34. 

    Atherosclerosis is a disease caused by a build-up of plaque inside arteries. What polymer is the main component of the plaque formation?

    • Saturated fatty acids

    • Unsaturated fatty acids

    • Amino acids

    • Steroid

    Correct Answer
    A. Saturated fatty acids
    Explanation
    Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by the accumulation of plaque inside arteries. Plaque is primarily composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, cellular waste products, calcium, and fibrin. Saturated fatty acids, which are commonly found in foods like red meat, butter, and full-fat dairy products, have been shown to contribute to the formation of plaque in arteries. Therefore, saturated fatty acids are the main component of plaque formation in atherosclerosis.

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  • 35. 

    In biological systems, proteins are said to be denatured when...

    • The protein is folded and layered.

    • The protein changes shape and becomes non-functional.

    • The protein changes into an enzyme.

    • The protein is artificial.

    Correct Answer
    A. The protein changes shape and becomes non-functional.
    Explanation
    Proteins are composed of amino acids and have a specific three-dimensional structure that is crucial for their function. When proteins are denatured, their shape is altered, causing them to lose their functional properties. This can be caused by various factors such as heat, pH changes, or exposure to certain chemicals. Denaturation disrupts the protein's structure, leading to the loss of its ability to perform its biological functions effectively. Therefore, the correct answer is that denatured proteins change shape and become non-functional.

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  • 36. 
    This is a diagram of a monomer that is used to build ___. - ProProfs

    This is a diagram of a monomer that is used to build ___.

    • Carbohydrates

    • Proteins

    • Nucleic Acids

    • Lipids

    Correct Answer
    A. Nucleic Acids
    Explanation
    The diagram represents a monomer that is used to build nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are polymers made up of repeating units called nucleotides, and the diagram likely shows one such nucleotide. Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, play a crucial role in storing and transmitting genetic information in living organisms. They are composed of a sugar (represented by the diagram), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Therefore, based on the given information, the correct answer is nucleic acids.

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  • 37. 
    In the diagram to the right, the structure labeled E is the ___. - ProProfs

    In the diagram to the right, the structure labeled E is the ___.

    • Stroma

    • Chlorophyll

    • Granum

    • Thylakoid membranes

    Correct Answer
    A. Thylakoid membranes
    Explanation
    In the given diagram, the structure labeled E appears to be a network of interconnected flattened sacs, which is characteristic of thylakoid membranes. Thylakoid membranes are found within chloroplasts and are responsible for carrying out the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. They contain pigments such as chlorophyll, which capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy. The stroma is the fluid-filled space surrounding the thylakoid membranes, while the granum refers to a stack of thylakoid membranes. Therefore, the correct answer is thylakoid membranes.

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  • 38. 

    Which of the following stages occurs in the mitochondrial matrix?

    • The cirtic acid cycle

    • The Calvin cycle

    • Glycolysis

    • Oxidative phosphorylation

    Correct Answer
    A. The cirtic acid cycle
    Explanation
    The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. This cycle is a series of chemical reactions that take place in the mitochondria and is an important part of cellular respiration. During the citric acid cycle, acetyl-CoA is oxidized and carbon dioxide is produced, along with energy-rich molecules such as NADH and FADH2. These energy-rich molecules are then used in the next stage, oxidative phosphorylation, to produce ATP, the main energy currency of the cell.

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  • 39. 

    Cell division is very similar in animal and plant cells . However, ___.

    • Plant cells form a cell plate instead of a cleavage furrow.

    • Animal cells form a cell plate instead of a cleavage furrow.

    • Plant cells form a cleavage furrow instead of a cell plate.

    • Plant cells don't have mitochondria.

    Correct Answer
    A. Plant cells form a cell plate instead of a cleavage furrow.
    Explanation
    Plant cells form a cell plate instead of a cleavage furrow during cell division. This is because plant cells have a rigid cell wall surrounding them, which cannot be pinched inwards like the flexible cell membrane of animal cells. Instead, a new cell wall called the cell plate is formed in the middle of the dividing plant cell. This cell plate eventually develops into a new cell wall, separating the two daughter cells. In contrast, animal cells form a cleavage furrow, which is a constriction in the cell membrane that deepens until it pinches the cell into two daughter cells.

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  • 40. 

    Which of the following is not one of the top elements in the body?

    • Carbon

    • Hydrogen

    • Nitrogen

    • Calcium

    Correct Answer
    A. Calcium
    Explanation
    Calcium is not one of the top elements in the body because it is not one of the most abundant elements found in the human body. The top elements in the body include carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, which make up the majority of the body's composition. Calcium, although important for bone health and other bodily functions, is present in much smaller quantities compared to these other elements.

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  • 41. 

    What is the main function of the Krebs cycle?

    • Breaking down pyruvate molecules to form molecules of NADH and oxygen

    • Forming citric acid to make NADH, water, and carbon dioxide

    • Producing molecules that carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain

    • Bonding coenzyme A to pyruvate

    Correct Answer
    A. Producing molecules that carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain
    Explanation
    The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria of cells. Its main function is to produce molecules that carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain. During the Krebs cycle, carbon dioxide, NADH, and FADH2 are produced as byproducts. These molecules carry high-energy electrons that are used in the electron transport chain to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell. Therefore, the correct answer is "producing molecules that carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain."

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  • 42. 

    A membrane-bound sac that contains digestive enzymes is a ...

    • Pump.

    • Macrophage.

    • Lysosome.

    • Vesicle.

    Correct Answer
    A. Lysosome.
    Explanation
    A lysosome is a membrane-bound sac that contains digestive enzymes. These enzymes break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances in the cell. Lysosomes play a crucial role in maintaining cellular health by removing and recycling unwanted materials. They are responsible for the breakdown of macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, into smaller components that can be reused by the cell.

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  • 43. 

    What enzyme is located at the end of the electron transport chain?

    • ATP synthase

    • Dehydrogenase

    • NADPH

    • Glycolase

    Correct Answer
    A. ATP synthase
    Explanation
    ATP synthase is the correct answer because it is the enzyme located at the end of the electron transport chain. This enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of ATP, which is the main energy currency of the cell. ATP synthase uses the energy from the flow of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP. This process is known as oxidative phosphorylation and occurs in the final step of cellular respiration.

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  • 44. 

    The term "mitosis" means ___.

    • Division of the cell.

    • Division of the nucleus.

    • Division of the cytoplasm.

    • Replicate the DNA.

    Correct Answer
    A. Division of the nucleus.
    Explanation
    Mitosis is the process of cell division in which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells. During mitosis, the nucleus of the cell also divides, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material. Therefore, the term "mitosis" refers to the division of the nucleus, not the division of the cell, cytoplasm, or replication of DNA.

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  • 45. 

    Which of the following describes DNA?

    • It contains uracil.

    • It contains the sugar ribose.

    • It controls the production of proteins.

    • It is made of amino acids.

    Correct Answer
    A. It controls the production of proteins.
    Explanation
    DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of all living organisms. It is composed of nucleotides, which consist of a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine). DNA controls the production of proteins through a process called protein synthesis. This involves the transcription of DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA), which is then translated into proteins. Therefore, the correct answer is that DNA controls the production of proteins.

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  • 46. 
    What part is labeled B? - ProProfs

    What part is labeled B?

    • Phosphate

    • Ribose Sugar

    • Nitrogen Base

    • Nucleotide

    Correct Answer
    A. Ribose Sugar
    Explanation
    The part labeled B in this question is the Ribose Sugar. This is because ribose sugar is one of the three components of a nucleotide, which is the building block of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. The other two components of a nucleotide are a phosphate group and a nitrogen base. In this case, the question is asking specifically about the part labeled B, and out of the given options, the Ribose Sugar is the correct answer.

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  • 47. 

    What is the function of oxygen in cellular respiration?

    • To deliver hydrogen ions to the electron transport chain

    • To pick up electrons at the end of the electron transport chain

    • To provide oxygen for the production of carbon dioxide

    • To give a source of energy to the Krebs cycle

    Correct Answer
    A. To pick up electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
    Explanation
    Oxygen in cellular respiration serves the function of picking up electrons at the end of the electron transport chain. In this process, electrons are passed along the chain and eventually combine with oxygen to form water. This final step allows for the regeneration of electron carriers and the continuation of ATP production. Without oxygen, the electron transport chain would not be able to function properly, leading to a decrease in ATP production and potentially disrupting cellular respiration.

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  • 48. 

    All of the following are stages of Interphase except ___.

    • G1

    • S

    • G2

    • M

    Correct Answer
    A. M
    Explanation
    Interphase is the stage in the cell cycle where the cell prepares for cell division. It consists of three stages: G1, S, and G2. During G1, the cell grows and carries out its normal functions. In the S stage, DNA replication occurs. G2 is the stage where the cell prepares for division by synthesizing proteins and organelles. The M stage, or mitosis, is the actual process of cell division where the cell's nucleus divides into two daughter nuclei. Therefore, M is not a stage of Interphase.

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  • 49. 

    What type of polymer is an enzyme?

    • Protein

    • Carbohydrate

    • Lipid

    • Nucleic Acid

    Correct Answer
    A. Protein
    Explanation
    Enzymes are a type of protein. Proteins are large, complex molecules made up of amino acids. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. They play a crucial role in various physiological processes and are involved in almost all cellular activities. Enzymes have specific shapes that allow them to bind to specific substrates and facilitate chemical reactions. Therefore, the correct answer is protein.

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  • Current Version
  • Mar 20, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
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  • Oct 21, 2014
    Quiz Created by
    Christopher Mack

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