Unit Test Chapter 12 And 13 The Renaissance, Reformation, And Age Of Exploration

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  • 1/44 Questions

    What is a belief that human actions, ideas and works are important?

    • Renaissance
    • Humanism
    • Ignorant
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About This Quiz

This quiz covers significant events and figures from the Renaissance, Reformation, and Age of Exploration, including navigation techniques, key explorers like Columbus and DaGama, and geopolitical agreements like the Treaty of Tordesillas. It assesses understanding of pivotal changes in European history.

Age Of Exploration Quizzes & Trivia

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  • 2. 

    The term renaissance means

    • Rebirth

    • Rebuilding

    • Awakening

    • Later period

    Correct Answer
    A. Rebirth
    Explanation
    The term "renaissance" refers to a period of cultural and intellectual rebirth that occurred in Europe during the 14th to 17th centuries. This era was characterized by a renewed interest in the arts, literature, philosophy, and sciences, as well as a shift towards humanism and individualism. The term "renaissance" itself means "rebirth" in French, reflecting the revival and rediscovery of classical knowledge and values that took place during this time.

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  • 3. 

    How did the Italian city-states become rich?

    • Farming

    • Attacking other countries

    • Trading

    Correct Answer
    A. Trading
    Explanation
    The Italian city-states became rich through trading. This is because they were strategically located along major trade routes, such as the Mediterranean Sea, which allowed them to engage in profitable trade with other regions. The city-states developed strong merchant networks and established trade partnerships with various countries, enabling them to import valuable goods and export their own products. This trade brought wealth and prosperity to the city-states, leading to their economic growth and development.

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  • 4. 

    Sailing for Spain in 1492 this man attempted to reach Asia by sailing west, but discovered a whole new continent.

    • Amerigo Vespucci

    • Magellan

    • Diaz

    • Columbus

    Correct Answer
    A. Columbus
    Explanation
    Columbus is the correct answer because he sailed for Spain in 1492 with the intention of reaching Asia by sailing west. However, he ended up discovering a whole new continent, which is now known as America. This historic voyage is significant because it opened up new possibilities for exploration and colonization, ultimately changing the course of history.

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  • 5. 

    What were the Spanish explorers and soldiers who conquered territory in the Americas called?

    • Pioneering

    • Conquistadors

    • Colonization

    • Missionaries

    Correct Answer
    A. Conquistadors
    Explanation
    The Spanish explorers and soldiers who conquered territory in the Americas were called conquistadors. They were known for their military expeditions and conquests in the New World, particularly during the 16th century. These conquistadors played a significant role in the colonization of the Americas by the Spanish Empire, seeking wealth, power, and spreading Spanish influence and Christianity. They were known for their ruthless tactics and exploitation of indigenous peoples and resources.

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  • 6. 

    Who is the explorer from whom America got its name?

    • Cabot

    • Vespucci

    • Da Gama

    Correct Answer
    A. Vespucci
    Explanation
    Vespucci is the correct answer because he is the explorer from whom America got its name. Amerigo Vespucci was an Italian explorer who realized that the lands discovered by Christopher Columbus were not part of Asia, but a new continent. He wrote letters describing his voyages, which were widely circulated and led to the use of his name to refer to the newly discovered continent.

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  • 7. 

    What were the Spanish explorers and soldiers who conquered territory in the Americas called?

    • Pioneering

    • Conquistadors

    • Colonization

    • Missionaries

    Correct Answer
    A. Conquistadors
    Explanation
    The Spanish explorers and soldiers who conquered territory in the Americas were called conquistadors. They were known for their military expeditions and conquests during the Age of Exploration. These conquistadors played a significant role in the colonization of the Americas by Spain, seizing control of vast territories and establishing Spanish dominance in the region.

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  • 8. 

    The goals of the the Spanish missionaries in the New World was

    • To convert the Natives to Christianity and civilize them.

    • To recruit Natives for the priesthood.

    • To use Natives as sacrifices.

    • To sell Natives into slavery.

    Correct Answer
    A. To convert the Natives to Christianity and civilize them.
    Explanation
    The Spanish missionaries in the New World aimed to convert the Natives to Christianity and civilize them. This was a common objective of many European colonizers during this time period, as they believed that their religion and way of life was superior. The missionaries wanted to spread their faith and bring the Natives under the influence of European culture and customs. They saw the conversion and civilization of the Natives as a means of achieving their religious and colonial goals.

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  • 9. 

    The Tready of Tordesillas, signed in 1494,

    • Established a line of demarcation between territories controlled by Portugal and those controlled by Spain.

    • Put an end to the war between Portugal and Turkey.

    • Ended the violence between portuguese and Muslin traders.

    • Made Portuguese the official language of the Americas.

    Correct Answer
    A. Established a line of demarcation between territories controlled by Portugal and those controlled by Spain.
    Explanation
    The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494, established a line of demarcation between territories controlled by Portugal and those controlled by Spain. This agreement was made to resolve conflicts between the two countries over newly discovered lands and to prevent further disputes. The treaty divided the newly discovered lands outside of Europe into two parts, with Portugal having control over territories to the east of the line and Spain having control over territories to the west. This helped to establish clear boundaries and prevent conflicts between the two colonial powers.

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  • 10. 

    This is a small, narrow ship with two or three masts and triangular sails.

    • Caravel

    • Sailboat

    • Galleon

    Correct Answer
    A. Caravel
    Explanation
    A caravel is a small, narrow ship with two or three masts and triangular sails. This type of ship was commonly used by explorers during the Age of Discovery, such as Christopher Columbus. The design of the caravel allowed for better maneuverability and the ability to sail against the wind, making it ideal for long-distance exploration.

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  • 11. 

    What was the Renaissance?

    • A time of death and destruction

    • A movement against the church

    • A period of rebirth in Europe

    • An important time

    • A long, unimportant historical period

    Correct Answer
    A. A period of rebirth in Europe
    Explanation
    The Renaissance was a period of rebirth in Europe. It was characterized by a renewed interest in the arts, literature, and sciences, as well as a shift towards humanism and individualism. During this time, there was a revival of classical knowledge and a focus on the achievements of ancient Greece and Rome. The Renaissance marked a significant departure from the medieval period and laid the foundation for the modern era. It was a time of great cultural, intellectual, and artistic growth, with notable figures such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and William Shakespeare emerging during this period.

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  • 12. 

    Who was the first navigator to sail around the world?

    • Amerigo Vespucci

    • Christopher Columbus

    • Ferdinand Magellan

    Correct Answer
    A. Ferdinand Magellan
    Explanation
    Ferdinand Magellan is the correct answer because he was the first navigator to lead an expedition that successfully circumnavigated the world. Although he did not complete the entire journey himself as he was killed in the Philippines, his crew continued and completed the voyage. Magellan's expedition proved that the Earth is round and paved the way for future explorations and trade routes.

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  • 13. 

    The pattern of trade that connected Europe, Africa and Asia, and the American continents

    • Triangular trade

    • Gold Coast

    • Land of salt

    • Cape of Good Hope

    Correct Answer
    A. Triangular trade
    Explanation
    Triangular trade refers to the historical trade route that connected Europe, Africa, Asia, and the American continents. It involved the exchange of goods, such as slaves, raw materials, and manufactured goods, between these regions. The Gold Coast, located in present-day Ghana, was a major hub for the trade of gold and other valuable resources. The Cape of Good Hope, located in present-day South Africa, served as a strategic point along the trade route, providing a stopover for ships traveling between Europe and Asia. Therefore, the given answer of "triangular trade" accurately describes the pattern of trade connecting these regions.

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  • 14. 

    Where did the Renaissance begin?

    • Italy

    • France

    • Great Britain

    • Germany

    Correct Answer
    A. Italy
    Explanation
    The Renaissance began in Italy. Italy was the birthplace of this cultural and intellectual movement, which spanned from the 14th to the 17th century. Italian cities such as Florence, Rome, and Venice were centers of artistic, scientific, and philosophical advancements during this period. Influential figures like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Galileo Galilei emerged from Italy, contributing to the Renaissance's flourishing in the country. The Italian Renaissance had a profound impact on European art, literature, architecture, and science, making Italy the correct answer.

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  • 15. 

    Martin Luther, in Germany, opposed what teaching by the Catholic Church

    • The sale of indulgences

    • The sale of property

    • The sale of goods

    • The sale of wine

    • The sale of leadership roles

    Correct Answer
    A. The sale of indulgences
    Explanation
    Martin Luther, a prominent figure in the Protestant Reformation, opposed the teaching of the Catholic Church regarding the sale of indulgences. Indulgences were essentially a way for individuals to buy forgiveness for their sins or reduce their time in purgatory. Luther strongly believed that salvation could not be bought or earned through monetary means, but rather through faith and God's grace alone. His opposition to the sale of indulgences eventually led to the widespread criticism of the Catholic Church and the establishment of Protestantism as a separate religious movement.

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  • 16. 

    What navigation techniques of the 15th century allowed Europeans to explore farther than they had before?

    • Cartography, caravels, chronometer, sun dial

    • Compass, sextant, astrolabe,

    • Dead reckoning, quadrant, telescope

    • Gunwale, dhow, lodestone, sand glass

    Correct Answer
    A. Compass, sextant, astrolabe,
    Explanation
    The navigation techniques of the compass, sextant, and astrolabe allowed Europeans to explore farther than they had before in the 15th century. The compass provided a reliable method for determining direction, while the sextant and astrolabe were used to measure the angle between celestial objects and the horizon, allowing sailors to determine their latitude and navigate more accurately. These tools greatly improved navigation and made it possible for Europeans to venture into unknown territories and explore new lands.

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  • 17. 

    Who is the Italian explorer who claimed the West Indies for Spain?

    • Christopher Columbus

    • Panfilo Narvaez

    • Hernando De Soto

    Correct Answer
    A. Christopher Columbus
    Explanation
    Christopher Columbus is the correct answer because he is the Italian explorer who is famously known for discovering the Americas and claiming them for Spain. In 1492, Columbus embarked on a voyage across the Atlantic Ocean and reached the Caribbean islands, which he mistakenly believed to be the West Indies. His exploration opened the way for further European exploration and colonization of the Americas.

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  • 18. 

     The Treaty of Tordesillas divided land for exploration between which two countries?

    • Portugal and France

    • France and England

    • Portugal and Spain

    • Spain and the Netherlands

    Correct Answer
    A. Portugal and Spain
    Explanation
    The Treaty of Tordesillas was signed in 1494 and divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and Spain. It aimed to prevent conflict between the two countries over their territorial claims and to establish a line of demarcation. This line, known as the Line of Demarcation, was drawn from north to south, 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands. All lands discovered to the east of this line would belong to Portugal, while those to the west would belong to Spain. Therefore, the correct answer is Portugal and Spain.

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  • 19. 

    Who wrote the 95 Theses?

    • Henry VIII

    • John Calvin

    • Martin Luther

    Correct Answer
    A. Martin Luther
    Explanation
    Martin Luther wrote the 95 Theses. These were a set of statements that criticized certain practices of the Catholic Church, particularly the sale of indulgences. Luther's act of nailing the 95 Theses to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, in 1517 is often seen as the starting point of the Protestant Reformation. Luther's writings and teachings had a profound impact on the religious and political landscape of Europe, leading to the establishment of Protestantism as a separate branch of Christianity.

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  • 20. 

    The Papal Line of Demarcation was 

    • The border set by the pope between Catholic and Protestant countries

    • The line that divided trade routes between the Middle east and China

    • A line set by the pope that divided the New World into east and west with lands in the east given to Portugal and lands west to Spain.

    • A line set by the Pope that gave him power over new lands discovered west of the Atlantic

    Correct Answer
    A. A line set by the pope that divided the New World into east and west with lands in the east given to Portugal and lands west to Spain.
    Explanation
    The Papal Line of Demarcation refers to a line set by the pope that divided the New World into east and west, with lands in the east given to Portugal and lands in the west given to Spain. This division was made to resolve conflicts between the two Catholic nations over newly discovered territories. By establishing this line, the pope aimed to maintain peace and prevent disputes between Portugal and Spain regarding their respective claims in the New World.

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  • 21. 

    Why did Europeans get slaves from Africa?

    • The harsh treatment of Natives and disease decimated their population so the Spanish did not have a large enough work force.

    • The Africans lost a war with the Spanish.

    • Africans immigrated there then were made slaves as they were seen as an inferior race.

    • Many came over as indentured servants who couldn't afford to buy their freedom.

    Correct Answer
    A. The harsh treatment of Natives and disease decimated their population so the Spanish did not have a large enough work force.
    Explanation
    The correct answer explains that Europeans got slaves from Africa because the harsh treatment of Natives and disease significantly reduced their population, leaving the Spanish without a sufficient workforce. This suggests that Europeans turned to Africa to acquire slaves as a means to meet their labor demands.

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  • 22. 

    The artist who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel was

    • Raphael

    • Donatello

    • Michelangelo

    • Leonardo da Vinci

    Correct Answer
    A. Michelangelo
    Explanation
    Michelangelo is the correct answer because he is widely known for painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. His masterpiece, completed between 1508 and 1512, depicts various scenes from the Bible, including the famous "Creation of Adam." Michelangelo's work on the Sistine Chapel ceiling is considered one of the greatest achievements in Western art history and showcases his exceptional skill in fresco painting.

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  • 23. 

    What was the Triangle Trade?

    • Trade between Asia and Europe for fine silks and porcelains.

    • Trade between South America, the Caribbean Islands and Mexico in gold.

    • Trade carrying slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between W. Africa, Caribbean or American colonies & the Europe,

    • Trade in the Mediterranean and N. Africa for slaves.

    Correct Answer
    A. Trade carrying slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between W. Africa, Caribbean or American colonies & the Europe,
    Explanation
    The Triangle Trade refers to the trade route that involved the transportation of slaves, cash crops, and manufactured goods between Western Africa, the Caribbean or American colonies, and Europe. This trade network was established during the colonial period and played a significant role in the development of the Atlantic economy. Slaves were captured in Africa and transported to the Americas to work on plantations producing cash crops such as sugar, tobacco, and cotton. These crops were then shipped to Europe for consumption or further processing. Manufactured goods from Europe were also sent to Africa as part of this trade network.

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  • 24. 

    Large parts of South America and their empires were conquered by

    • Portugal

    • Spain

    • Britain

    • Mexico

    Correct Answer
    A. Spain
    Explanation
    During the Age of Exploration, Spain played a significant role in colonizing and conquering large parts of South America. Spanish explorers like Christopher Columbus and Hernán Cortés led expeditions that resulted in the establishment of Spanish colonies and the downfall of powerful indigenous empires such as the Aztecs and the Incas. Spain's conquests in South America led to the establishment of the Spanish Empire, which dominated the region for centuries. Therefore, it is logical to conclude that Spain is the correct answer.

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  • 25. 

    In 1497, sailing for Portugal, this man was the first European to sail around Africa to India.

    • Diaz

    • DaGama

    • Columbus

    • Magellan

    Correct Answer
    A. DaGama
    Explanation
    Vasco da Gama is the correct answer because he was the first European to sail around Africa to India in 1497 while sailing for Portugal. This voyage opened up a new sea route to India, bypassing the dangerous land routes. Columbus, on the other hand, is known for his voyages to the Americas, and Magellan is famous for being the first to circumnavigate the globe. Diaz, although an important Portuguese explorer, did not sail all the way to India like da Gama did.

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  • 26. 

    The English seized it and renamed New York

    • Algeria

    • New Netherlands

    • Ibo

    • Congo

    Correct Answer
    A. New Netherlands
    Explanation
    The correct answer is New Netherlands. This is because the statement mentions that the English seized it and renamed it, indicating that the original name of the place was different. Therefore, New Netherlands is the correct answer as it suggests that the place was initially named New Netherlands before being renamed by the English.

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  • 27. 

    What was the Columbian Exchange? 

    • Exchange of cultures between Asia and Europe.

    • Exchange of Columbus' trade routes to the New World with Spain's rivals.

    • The exchange of plants, animals and ideas between the New World and the old World.

    • The value set for items that were bartered.

    Correct Answer
    A. The exchange of plants, animals and ideas between the New World and the old World.
    Explanation
    The Columbian Exchange refers to the exchange of plants, animals, and ideas between the New World (the Americas) and the Old World (Europe, Africa, and Asia) following Christopher Columbus' voyages in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. This exchange had a significant impact on both sides, as it introduced new crops, animals, and diseases to the Americas, while also bringing back new foods, resources, and cultural practices to Europe and other parts of the Old World. It transformed the economies, diets, and societies of both regions and played a crucial role in shaping the modern world.

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  • 28. 

    What did Prince Henry build that influenced exploration in Portugal?

    • Monastery

    • Port

    • Ship warehouse

    • Navigation school

    Correct Answer
    A. Navigation school
    Explanation
    Prince Henry built a navigation school that influenced exploration in Portugal. This school, also known as the School of Sagres, was established in the 15th century and played a crucial role in advancing maritime navigation and exploration. It brought together skilled navigators, cartographers, and scientists, fostering the development of improved navigational techniques, shipbuilding methods, and mapmaking. The navigation school trained sailors and explorers, equipping them with the knowledge and skills necessary for long-distance voyages. This led to Portugal's dominance in exploration during the Age of Discovery, with Portuguese explorers like Vasco da Gama and Ferdinand Magellan making significant discoveries and establishing trade routes to Africa, Asia, and the Americas.

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  • 29. 

    Who wrote "The Prince"?

    • Da Vinci

    • Shakespeare

    • Machiavelli

    • Boccaccio

    Correct Answer
    A. Machiavelli
    Explanation
    "The Prince" was written by Machiavelli. This book is a political treatise that explores the nature of power and the strategies that rulers should employ to maintain and expand their authority. Machiavelli's work is known for its pragmatic and ruthless approach to politics, advocating for the use of deception, manipulation, and even violence if necessary. It has had a significant impact on political theory and is still widely studied and debated today.

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  • 30. 

    Known to Europeans as the Spice Islands

    • Spain

    • Moluccas

    • Congo

    • Algeria

    Correct Answer
    A. Moluccas
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Moluccas because this term refers to a group of islands located in present-day Indonesia that were historically known for their production of valuable spices. These islands were highly sought after by European traders, including the Portuguese and the Dutch, who played a significant role in the spice trade during the Age of Exploration. The term "Spice Islands" became synonymous with the Moluccas due to their abundance of spices such as cloves, nutmeg, and mace.

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  • 31. 

    Who was the Spanish conqueror of the Inca Empire in 1533?

    • Francisco Pizarro

    • Hernando Cortes

    • Montezuma

    Correct Answer
    A. Francisco Pizarro
    Explanation
    Francisco Pizarro is the correct answer because he was the Spanish conqueror of the Inca Empire in 1533. Pizarro led an expedition that resulted in the capture and eventual downfall of the Inca Empire, leading to Spanish colonization of the region. Hernando Cortes was a conquistador who conquered the Aztec Empire in Mexico, not the Inca Empire. Montezuma was the emperor of the Aztec Empire, not a Spanish conqueror.

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  • 32. 

    Controlled Spice Islands until driven out by the Dutch

    • Portuguese

    • Dutch

    • Spanish

    • English

    Correct Answer
    A. Portuguese
    Explanation
    The Portuguese controlled the Spice Islands until they were driven out by the Dutch. This suggests that the Portuguese were the first European power to establish control over the Spice Islands, but were eventually overthrown by the Dutch. The Dutch were known for their aggressive expansionism and dominance in the spice trade during the 17th century, so it is plausible that they were able to successfully drive out the Portuguese and take control of the region.

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  • 33. 

    What is mercantilsm?

    • Trading in faraway ports for the adventure.

    • Buying more than you sell so you have a supply that won't run out.

    • Bartering for land.

    • Selling more than you buy to establish a favorable balance of trade.

    Correct Answer
    A. Selling more than you buy to establish a favorable balance of trade.
    Explanation
    Mercantilism refers to an economic theory and practice that was dominant in Europe from the 16th to the 18th centuries. The idea behind mercantilism was to accumulate wealth for a nation by selling more goods to other countries than it bought from them. This approach aimed to establish a favorable balance of trade, where the value of exports exceeded the value of imports. By doing so, countries believed they could increase their wealth and power. This policy often involved imposing tariffs, subsidies, and other measures to protect domestic industries and promote exports.

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  • 34. 

    The Middle Passage was

    • The route to riches and gold in the New World.

    • The forced immigration of Africans across the Atlantic to the New World.

    • The route Cortes followed to the Aztecs.

    • The road that connected the Incan Empire.

    Correct Answer
    A. The forced immigration of Africans across the Atlantic to the New World.
    Explanation
    The Middle Passage refers to the forced immigration of Africans across the Atlantic to the New World. This answer is correct because the Middle Passage was a brutal and inhumane journey that involved the transportation of enslaved Africans from Africa to the Americas. It was a key part of the transatlantic slave trade, where millions of Africans were captured, sold, and transported to work as slaves in the New World. The Middle Passage was characterized by overcrowded and unsanitary conditions, high mortality rates, and extreme suffering for the enslaved Africans.

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  • 35. 

    To Portuguese explorers, the southern coast of West Africa became known as the

    • Cape Hope of Good.

    • Gold Coast.

    • Land of salt.

    • Burning Land

    Correct Answer
    A. Cape Hope of Good.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Cape Hope of Good. Portuguese explorers referred to the southern coast of West Africa as Cape Hope of Good. This name was given due to the hope and optimism they had for finding a sea route to India and the East. Cape Hope of Good later became known as Cape of Good Hope.

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  • 36. 

    ______  explored the New England coastline of the Americas for England

    • Amerigo Vespucci

    • John Cabot

    • Christopher Columbus

    • Vasco d' Aquillera

    Correct Answer
    A. John Cabot
    Explanation
    John Cabot explored the New England coastline of the Americas for England. Amerigo Vespucci explored the coast of South America, Christopher Columbus explored the Caribbean and Central America, and Vasco d'Aquillera is not a known explorer. Therefore, the correct answer is John Cabot.

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  • 37. 

    The Treaty of Tordesillas

    • Ended the war between Spain and Portugal

    • Set the Papal Line of Demarcation

    • Gave Portugal control of trade in Indonesia

    • Gave Spain control of Mediterranean trade routes

    Correct Answer
    A. Set the Papal Line of Demarcation
    Explanation
    The Treaty of Tordesillas set the Papal Line of Demarcation. This line was established by the Pope to divide the newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal. It aimed to resolve conflicts between the two countries over territories in the New World. The treaty granted Spain control over territories west of the line, while Portugal gained control over territories to the east. This agreement helped to prevent further disputes and provided a clear division of territories for both countries.

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  • 38. 

    Prince Henry the Navigator was ruler of which country.

    • Spain

    • England

    • France

    • Australia

    • Portugal

    Correct Answer
    A. Portugal
    Explanation
    Prince Henry the Navigator was a historical figure who was born in Portugal and played a significant role in the country's exploration and maritime expansion during the 15th century. He sponsored numerous voyages and expeditions, which greatly contributed to Portugal's dominance in the Age of Discovery. Therefore, it is accurate to say that Prince Henry the Navigator was associated with Portugal, making it the correct answer.

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  • 39. 

    African slaves supplied labor for them

    • The Bering Crossing

    • The Middle Passage

    • The Voyage of Sorrow

    • Sugarcane Plantation

    Correct Answer
    A. Sugarcane Plantation
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Sugarcane Plantation. African slaves were used as a labor force on sugarcane plantations. The demand for sugar in Europe and the Americas led to the establishment of large-scale sugarcane plantations, particularly in the Caribbean and the Americas. African slaves were forcibly brought to work on these plantations, enduring harsh conditions and exploitation. The labor provided by African slaves on sugarcane plantations played a significant role in the development and profitability of the sugar industry during that time.

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  • 40. 

    Formed the East India Company and West and West India Company

    • Portuguese

    • Spanish

    • Dutch

    • French

    Correct Answer
    A. Dutch
    Explanation
    The Dutch formed the East India Company and West India Company. These companies were established during the 17th century and played a significant role in the Dutch colonial empire. The East India Company focused on trade with Asia, particularly in spices, while the West India Company was involved in the Atlantic slave trade and colonization of the Americas. The Dutch were known for their prowess in maritime trade and exploration during this time period, making them a major player in global commerce.

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  • 41. 

    According to mercantilists, the properity of a nation depended on

    • Conquering new territories and expanding the nation's intellectual resources.

    • A healthy flow of coffee coming into the nation.

    • A large supply of bullion,bullion, gold and silver.

    • Finding and maintaining a supplyof cheap labor, preferably slaves.

    Correct Answer
    A. A large supply of bullion,bullion, gold and silver.
    Explanation
    According to mercantilists, the prosperity of a nation depended on having a large supply of bullion, gold, and silver. This is because mercantilists believed that wealth was measured by the amount of precious metals a nation possessed. They believed that by accumulating a surplus of bullion, a nation could increase its economic power and maintain a favorable balance of trade. This would enable them to finance military endeavors, expand their influence, and ensure economic stability. Therefore, having a large supply of bullion was considered essential for the prosperity and strength of a nation according to mercantilist theory.

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  • 42. 

    In the New World caste system a person born in Spain who resided in New Spain and usually owned land or had a position of authority.

    • Criollo or creole

    • Mestizo

    • Peninsulare

    • Mulatto

    Correct Answer
    A. Peninsulare
    Explanation
    A peninsulare refers to a person born in Spain who resided in New Spain and typically owned land or held a position of authority. This term specifically denotes individuals of Spanish descent who were born on the Iberian Peninsula and migrated to the New World. They were considered to be at the top of the social hierarchy in the New World caste system due to their direct connection to Spain.

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  • 43. 

    European rulers and merchants were determined to gain control of the  islands of Sotheast Asia because

    • Whichever nation controlled those islands controlled those islands controlled the trade route between China and Europe.

    • They were vital to launching a military invation of the mainland.

    • The spice trade there was enormously profitable.

    • The climate was perfect for bathing.

    Correct Answer
    A. The spice trade there was enormously profitable.
    Explanation
    European rulers and merchants were determined to gain control of the islands of Southeast Asia because the spice trade there was enormously profitable. The islands were known for producing valuable spices such as pepper, cloves, and nutmeg, which were highly sought after in Europe. Controlling the spice trade would allow European nations to dominate the market and generate significant wealth. This economic incentive was a major driving force behind their determination to gain control of the islands.

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  • 44. 

    This society produced more slaves than practically any other on the African continent

    • Algeria

    • Benin

    • Congo

    • Ibo

    Correct Answer
    A. Ibo
    Explanation
    The Ibo society, located in present-day Nigeria, was known for its high production of slaves during the transatlantic slave trade. The Ibo people were targeted by European slave traders due to their strategic location and their strong agricultural and trading practices. They were often captured and sold into slavery, making the Ibo society one of the largest contributors to the slave trade in Africa.

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