Networking Knowledge Trivia Quiz

Explanation
A functioning BGP peering would generate the combination of TCP/179 and Established. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) uses TCP as its transport protocol and port 179 is the designated port for BGP communication. The "Established" state indicates that the BGP peering has been successfully established and is actively exchanging routing information. UDP/520 and Active and TCP/520 and Active are not valid combinations for BGP peering as BGP uses TCP, not UDP, and port 520 is not the designated port for BGP communication.

Explanation
The destination IP address identifies the multicast group a packet is destined for. The source identifies the source of the multicast traffic.

Explanation
The first octet rule can be used to determine the address class:
0 = Class A
10 = Class B
110 = Class C
1110 = Class D
1111 = Class E

Explanation
VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks) can be used to group ports on a switch into different broadcast domains. This means that devices connected to ports within the same VLAN will not receive broadcast traffic from devices in different VLANs. Additionally, hosts attached to ports in the same VLAN will be in the same IP network, allowing them to communicate directly without the need for a router. However, hosts attached to ports in different broadcast domains (different VLANs) will need to communicate via a router, as they are in separate IP networks.

Explanation
The OSI model is a conceptual framework that defines the functions of a network into seven different layers. The network layer, which is the third layer in the OSI model, is responsible for path determination and logical addressing. This means that it determines the most efficient route for data to travel from the source to the destination and assigns logical addresses to identify the devices on the network.

On the other hand, TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol) are transport layer protocols. The transport layer, which is the fourth layer in the OSI model, is responsible for reliable and efficient data transfer between end systems. TCP provides reliable, connection-oriented communication, while UDP provides unreliable, connectionless communication.

Therefore, the given answer is correct as it accurately states that the network layer is responsible for path determination and logical addressing, and TCP and UDP are transport layer protocols.

Explanation
The IEEE 802.1D spanning tree protocol allows ports to be in the Listening, Learning, Discarding, and Forwarding states. However, not all ports on the root bridge are root ports. Instead, all ports on the root bridge are designated ports, meaning they have been selected as the best path to reach other switches. Additionally, all ports on the root bridge are in the Forwarding state, allowing them to forward data packets. Lastly, the spanning tree protocol chooses the path with the lowest root path cost, not the highest.

Explanation
A transparent bridge (switch) learns the source MAC addresses from frames and stores them in its bridging table. This allows the switch to identify the correct port to which a frame should be sent based on its destination MAC address. By filtering frames based on the bridging table, the switch ensures that frames are only transmitted to the appropriate ports and not flooded to all ports. Therefore, the statement "The bridge learns source MAC addresses and places them in the bridging table so that frames may be sent to the correct port and filtered from others" is true.

Explanation
This configuration shows a floating static route. The route with the higher administrative distance is less preferred but can be used as a backup if the primary route is lost.

Explanation
If all the bits of the host portion of an IP address are set to 1, this is the broadcast address of the network or subnet - which cannot be allocated to a host.