Chapter 18- Special Procedures

The statement is true because when caring for a client receiving hyperalimentation, any changes in the client's condition should be reported immediately. Hyperalimentation is a method of providing nutrition through intravenous feeding, typically used for patients who are unable to eat or digest food normally. Since this form of nutrition is delivered directly into the bloodstream, any adverse effects or changes in the client's vital signs, such as fever, increased heart rate, or difficulty breathing, could indicate an infection or other complications that require immediate attention. Prompt reporting of these changes allows for timely intervention and ensures the client's safety and well-being.

This statement is false because once a bone is broken and properly treated, it can heal and regain its function over time. With proper medical care, including immobilization, physical therapy, and rehabilitation, the bone can heal and regain its strength and function. While there may be some limitations or residual effects, it is possible for the limb to regain its function after a bone fracture.

Oxygen is highly flammable and can easily ignite if exposed to a spark or flame. Smoking produces an open flame or ember, which poses a significant fire hazard in an oxygen-rich environment. Therefore, to ensure the safety of the client and prevent any potential accidents, it is necessary to prohibit smoking in a room where the client is receiving oxygen therapy.

The statement "Document when the procedure is completed" implies that it is necessary to record or write down the completion of the procedure. This is important for keeping track of the progress, ensuring accountability, and maintaining a record for future reference or audit purposes. Therefore, the correct answer is True, as documenting the completion of procedures is a good practice in many professional settings.

Tiredness, blue fingernails and/or lips, anxiety, irritability, and confusion are all signs of too little oxygen. When the body does not receive enough oxygen, it can lead to fatigue, bluish discoloration of the extremities, and cognitive and emotional changes. These symptoms can occur in conditions such as respiratory disorders, heart problems, or high altitudes where the oxygen levels are low. Overmedication, on the other hand, may cause different symptoms depending on the medication and dosage. Chest infection can also cause respiratory symptoms but may not explain all the listed signs.

A dressing that does not require sterile technique is nonsterile. Sterile technique is used when treating wounds or performing medical procedures to prevent infection. However, in certain situations, such as minor cuts or scrapes, a nonsterile dressing can be used as long as the wound is clean and not infected. Nonsterile dressings are typically used for wounds that are not deep, not actively bleeding, and not at risk of becoming infected.

The correct answer is true because hyperalimentation is a method of providing nutrition intravenously, and it is important for the feeding solution to be at room temperature before administration. This is because cold solutions can cause discomfort and potentially harm the patient. Warm solutions are also more easily absorbed by the body, ensuring that the patient receives the necessary nutrients effectively. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that the feeding is at room temperature to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the hyperalimentation process.

Medication should never be given from an unlabeled bottle, even if the client knows what it is. It is crucial to have proper labeling on medication bottles to ensure accurate administration and prevent any potential errors or confusion. Labeling provides important information such as the name of the medication, dosage instructions, expiration date, and potential warnings or precautions. Without proper labeling, there is a risk of administering the wrong medication or incorrect dosage, which can have serious consequences for the client's health and safety. Therefore, the statement is false.

The statement is false because not just anyone involved with the care of the client can administer medications. Only qualified and authorized individuals such as doctors, nurses, or pharmacists are allowed to administer medications to ensure the safety and well-being of the client.

When a person wears a cast, the skin underneath is unable to breathe properly and can become dry. This dryness can cause itching. Additionally, the cast can cause pressure on the skin, leading to irritation and further itching. Therefore, it is common for the skin under a cast to itch.

A client who has blood tested for sugar and urine for ketones usually has a diagnosis of diabetes. This is because high levels of sugar in the blood and the presence of ketones in the urine are common indicators of diabetes. Tuberculosis, hepatitis, and thyrotoxicosis are unrelated to these specific diagnostic tests.

The statement "Redness or swelling of insertion site is normal" is incorrect. Redness or swelling at the insertion site is not considered normal and may indicate an infection or an allergic reaction. It is important to monitor any changes in the insertion site and seek medical attention if redness or swelling persists or worsens.

Cyanosis is the term for blue discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes. This occurs when there is a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the blood or a decrease in blood flow. The blue color is caused by the increased concentration of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood vessels near the skin surface.

Casts, which are used to immobilize and support injured bones, should not cause pain. The purpose of a cast is to provide stability and protection to the injured area, not to cause discomfort. If a cast is causing pain, it may indicate that it is too tight or improperly fitted, which can lead to further complications. It is important to seek medical attention if a cast is causing pain to ensure proper adjustment or replacement.

A Homemaker/Home Health Aide can change nonsterile dressings. Nonsterile dressings are used for minor wounds or injuries that do not require a sterile environment. These dressings are typically used to protect the wound from dirt and bacteria, promote healing, and provide comfort. Nonsterile dressings can be easily changed by the Homemaker/Home Health Aide without the need for special precautions or sterile techniques.

The term "dressing" is commonly used in the medical field to refer to a covering or material applied to a wound or injury. It is used to protect the wound, promote healing, and prevent infection. Dressings can be made of various materials such as gauze, adhesive strips, or specialized bandages. Therefore, the correct answer in this case is "bandage", as it is the term most commonly associated with dressing in a medical context.

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Red is an abnormal color for urine because it typically indicates the presence of blood. Blood in the urine, known as hematuria, can be caused by various factors such as urinary tract infections, kidney stones, bladder or kidney infections, or even certain medications. It is important to seek medical attention if urine appears red, as it may be a sign of an underlying health condition that needs to be addressed.

Coughing is a reflex action that helps to clear the airways of irritants or mucus. It involves a forceful expiration, where air is rapidly expelled from the lungs, helping to expel any foreign substances or blockages. Therefore, it can be concluded that coughing is indeed a forced expiration, making the answer "True."

Clients who are learning to deep breathe are often frightened because deep breathing exercises can initially cause feelings of discomfort or anxiety. This is because deep breathing techniques involve taking slow, deliberate breaths, which can be challenging for individuals who are used to shallow breathing. Additionally, deep breathing exercises may bring up suppressed emotions or traumatic memories, leading to feelings of fear or unease. Therefore, it is true that clients who are learning to deep breathe are often frightened.

Casts are not usually removed within 24 hours. The duration for which a cast needs to be worn depends on the type and severity of the injury. It can range from a few weeks to several months. Therefore, the statement is false.

An opening into the colon is called a colostomy. A colostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening in the abdominal wall, allowing waste to bypass a diseased or damaged part of the colon and be eliminated through a stoma. This procedure is often performed to treat conditions such as colorectal cancer, diverticulitis, or inflammatory bowel disease. The colostomy can be temporary or permanent, depending on the individual's condition and the extent of the colon's damage.

A urinary catheter is a flexible tube that is inserted into the bladder through the urethra to drain urine. It is used when a person is unable to urinate on their own or needs continuous drainage of urine. The bladder is the correct answer because it is the organ where the catheter is inserted and remains in place to collect and remove urine. The ureter is the tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder, while the kidney and nephron are the organs and structures involved in urine production and filtration, respectively.

Oxygen should be given through water to prevent drying of the mucous membranes. The moist environment created by the water helps to keep the mucous membranes hydrated, preventing them from drying out. Dry mucous membranes can lead to discomfort, irritation, and increased risk of infection. By delivering oxygen through water, the mucous membranes are kept moist and healthy, promoting overall respiratory health.

An opening into the ileum is referred to as an ileostomy. This surgical procedure involves creating a stoma on the abdominal wall, allowing waste to bypass the colon and exit through the small intestine. This can be necessary in cases where the colon is damaged or removed, such as in certain types of colorectal cancer or inflammatory bowel disease. The ileostomy provides a way for waste to be eliminated from the body, albeit through a different route than the usual passage through the rectum and anus.

Shallow breathing refers to a breathing pattern where the breaths taken are small and do not fully expand the lungs. This type of breathing typically occurs in the upper lobes of the lungs, which are the parts closer to the chest and neck. The lower lobes of the lungs are responsible for deep breathing, where the breaths are larger and the lungs fully expand. Therefore, it is correct to say that shallow breathing takes place in the upper lobes of the lungs.

An external urinary drainage system should not be left on longer than 24 hours because prolonged use can increase the risk of infection. The system collects urine from the bladder and if left for too long, bacteria can multiply and cause urinary tract infections. It is important to regularly empty and clean the drainage bag to prevent the buildup of bacteria. Additionally, leaving the system on for extended periods can lead to skin irritation and pressure ulcers. Therefore, it is recommended to change or empty the drainage bag every 24 hours to maintain proper hygiene and minimize the risk of complications.

Many medications have similar names and look alike, which can lead to confusion and potential medication errors. This is why it is important for healthcare professionals to double-check the medication name and dosage before administering it to a patient. Patients should also be cautious and ensure they are taking the correct medication as prescribed by their healthcare provider.

The statement is true because in hyperalimentation, also known as total parenteral nutrition (TPN), a pharmacy is responsible for mixing the feeding solution. TPN is a method of delivering nutrients directly into the bloodstream when a patient is unable to consume food orally. The solution is prepared by a pharmacist, who carefully calculates and mixes the appropriate amounts of nutrients, vitamins, and minerals according to the patient's specific needs. This ensures that the patient receives the necessary nutrition in a safe and controlled manner.

The explanation for the given correct answer (False) is that intermittent infusion is not where the fluid or medication is always running. Intermittent infusion refers to a method of administering fluids or medication in which the substance is given at specific intervals, rather than continuously. This allows for more precise control over the dosage and timing of the substance being administered.

When a client is walking, the bottle of fluid should be positioned above the insertion site to ensure proper flow of the fluid into the body. This is because gravity helps in facilitating the movement of the fluid downwards. If the bottle is positioned below the insertion site, the flow of fluid may be impeded or reversed, leading to complications or ineffective treatment. Therefore, it is important to keep the bottle of fluid above the insertion site while the client is walking.

Numbness or tingling of toes and fingers could be a symptom that should be reported in a client with a cast. This could indicate that there is pressure being applied on nerves or blood vessels due to the cast, which can lead to circulation problems or nerve damage. It is important to address this issue promptly to prevent any further complications.

Flushing medication down the toilet is not recommended because it can contaminate water sources and harm the environment. Wastewater treatment plants are not designed to remove all pharmaceutical compounds, so they can end up in rivers, lakes, and oceans, affecting aquatic life. Additionally, flushing medication can lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Proper disposal methods, such as using drug take-back programs or mixing medications with undesirable substances like coffee grounds or kitty litter, should be followed to ensure safe and environmentally-friendly disposal of medication.

When performing catheter care, it is important to clean the urinary meatus from front to back. This is because wiping from front to back helps to prevent the spread of bacteria from the anal area to the urinary tract, reducing the risk of urinary tract infections. Wiping in a circular motion or back and forth may spread bacteria and increase the risk of infection. Cleaning from front to front would also not be effective in preventing the spread of bacteria.

The statement is false because giving a Tylenol, regardless of where it was purchased, is still considered medication administration. The location of purchase does not change the fact that it is a medication being administered.

A grand mal seizure is characterized by a stiffness of the entire body followed by muscle jerking. This type of seizure is also known as a generalized tonic-clonic seizure and is the most common type of seizure. During a grand mal seizure, the person may lose consciousness and experience convulsions. This seizure can be caused by various factors, including epilepsy, brain injury, or certain medical conditions. Treatment for grand mal seizures typically involves medications to control seizures and lifestyle modifications to minimize triggers.

The urine specimen needs to be fresh in order to obtain accurate results. Fresh urine is preferred because it has not had time to undergo any changes or degradation that may occur over time. This ensures that the sample is representative of the current state of the body and provides reliable information for analysis.

The statement suggests that the dressing should not be removed to observe the IV site. This is incorrect because it is important to regularly inspect the IV site for any signs of infection, infiltration, or other complications. By removing the dressing, healthcare professionals can assess the condition of the IV site and take appropriate actions if necessary. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

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An opening in biology is commonly referred to as a stoma. A stoma is a small pore or opening found in various organisms, such as plants and animals. In plants, stomata are present on the surface of leaves and stems, allowing for gas exchange and transpiration. In animals, stomata are found in certain tissues, such as the respiratory system, allowing for the exchange of gases. Therefore, the correct answer for the given question is stoma.

Unused feeding should not be discarded because it can be harmful and wasteful. Hyperalimentation is a method of providing nutrition to clients who are unable to eat or digest food normally. The unused feeding can be saved and used for the next feeding, as long as it has been properly stored and is within the recommended time frame for use. Discarding the unused feeding would result in unnecessary waste and could potentially disrupt the client's nutrition plan. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

The given correct answer for this question is petit mal. Petit mal seizures, also known as absence seizures, are characterized by a brief loss of consciousness where the person may appear to be daydreaming, their eyes may roll back, and there may be some quivering of the body muscles. This type of seizure usually lasts for a few seconds and is more common in children. Grand mal seizures involve a loss of consciousness, convulsions, and muscle rigidity. Jacksonian seizures involve a progression of muscle twitching or jerking in one area of the body. Psychomotor seizures involve complex movements and behaviors.

A cannula is a tube that is used in medical procedures to either deliver or remove fluids or gases from the body. It is not an oxygen tank, which is a container for storing oxygen. It is also not an external drainage system, which is a system used to remove fluids or waste from the body. While a cannula may be used in conjunction with a hypodermic needle, they are not the same thing. A hypodermic needle is a hollow needle used to inject or withdraw fluids from the body, whereas a cannula is a tube that is inserted into the body for various purposes.

An aura is a sensation or warning sign that some people experience before having a seizure. It can manifest as a smell, taste, visual disturbance, or a feeling of unease. This phenomenon allows individuals to anticipate and prepare for an upcoming seizure, seeking a safe environment or taking necessary precautions. Intuition refers to a general sense of knowing or understanding, while precognition refers to the ability to predict future events. Recognition is the act of identifying or remembering something. None of these terms specifically relate to the experience of a seizure warning sign.

Deep breathing exercises do not require a doctor's order because they are a natural and simple technique that anyone can practice on their own. Deep breathing exercises involve taking slow, deep breaths to promote relaxation, reduce stress, and improve overall well-being. These exercises can be done at any time and in any place, making them easily accessible to everyone without the need for a doctor's prescription or supervision.

Slow, shallow breathing, headache, difficulty speaking, and sleepiness are signs of too much oxygen. When there is an excess of oxygen in the body, it can lead to a condition called oxygen toxicity. This can cause symptoms such as the ones mentioned, as well as confusion, dizziness, and seizures. It is important to monitor oxygen levels and adjust the amount administered to prevent this condition.

An opening into the ureter is referred to as a ureterostomy.

These five observations should be reported to the supervisor because they could indicate potential health issues or complications. Shortness of breath could be a sign of respiratory distress, tingling in arms or feet could indicate nerve damage, weakness could suggest muscle or systemic problems, fever may indicate an infection, and irritation or drainage near the catheter site could be a sign of infection or improper catheter placement. Reporting these observations promptly can help ensure appropriate medical intervention and prevent further complications.

An ostomy refers to a surgical procedure that creates a new opening in the abdomen to allow for the elimination of bodily wastes. This can be done for various reasons such as in cases of bowel or bladder dysfunction, or as a result of certain medical conditions or surgeries. The opening created during an ostomy is called a stoma, and it serves as a pathway for the waste products to exit the body, either temporarily or permanently.

An external urinary drainage system would be applied in cases of incontinence. Incontinence refers to the inability to control urination, leading to involuntary leakage. An external urinary drainage system, such as a catheter, is used to collect and drain urine from the bladder externally. This helps manage and control the flow of urine, preventing accidents and keeping the individual dry and comfortable.