Earth & Universe Unit 1 Lesson 1 Review

Explanation
Science is indeed the systematic study of the conditions and events in our natural world. It involves observing, experimenting, and analyzing data to understand how things work and to develop explanations based on evidence. Scientists use the scientific method to form hypotheses, conduct experiments, and draw conclusions. Through science, we gain knowledge and understanding of the natural world and can make informed decisions and advancements in various fields such as medicine, technology, and environmental conservation.

Explanation
Scientific ideas and explanations can be proven false because the scientific method relies on empirical evidence and experimentation. Scientists formulate hypotheses based on observations and then test them through experiments. If the results of these experiments contradict the initial hypothesis, it is considered false. This process of testing and refining ideas is what makes science a self-correcting and constantly evolving field. Therefore, it is true that scientific ideas and explanations can be proven false.

Explanation
Scientific ideas and explanations do need to be tested. Testing is an essential part of the scientific method, which involves formulating hypotheses and conducting experiments to gather evidence and support or refute those hypotheses. Testing helps scientists determine the validity and reliability of their ideas and explanations, ensuring that they are based on empirical evidence and can withstand scrutiny. Without testing, scientific ideas would remain unverified and lack credibility. Therefore, the statement that scientific ideas and explanations do not need to be tested is false.

Explanation
Scientific explanations require consensus among multiple scientists because the scientific method relies on evidence-based reasoning and peer review. By having many scientists agree on an explanation, it ensures that the explanation is supported by empirical data, rigorous experimentation, and critical analysis. This consensus helps to minimize biases, errors, and individual interpretations, thus increasing the reliability and validity of scientific explanations. Additionally, the agreement among scientists also promotes transparency and open dialogue, allowing for further refinement and improvement of scientific understanding.

Explanation
Empirical evidence refers to information that is obtained through observation or experimentation. It is based on objective data and facts rather than personal opinions or beliefs. Therefore, someone's opinion cannot be considered as empirical evidence. Hence, the correct answer is False.

Explanation
Empirical evidence refers to the information gathered through direct observation or experimentation. It involves measurements and data collected during investigations or experiments. Therefore, it is accurate to say that empirical evidence can include measurements taken during an investigation or experiment.

Explanation
The correct answer is Physical, Earth and Life. The natural sciences are divided into three main branches: physical, earth, and life sciences. Physical science deals with the study of non-living matter and energy, including physics and chemistry. Earth science focuses on the study of the Earth and its processes, such as geology, meteorology, and oceanography. Life science, also known as biological science, involves the study of living organisms, including biology, botany, and zoology.

Explanation
Science cannot objectively determine if a piece of artwork is beautiful because beauty is subjective and varies from person to person. What one person finds beautiful, another person may not. Beauty is influenced by cultural, personal, and emotional factors, making it difficult to measure and quantify scientifically. Therefore, the statement that science can explain if a piece of artwork is beautiful is false.

Explanation
Scientists can show their creativity through designing experiments, explaining observations, and asking questions. Designing experiments requires thinking outside the box and coming up with innovative methods to test hypotheses. Explaining observations involves finding creative ways to interpret and communicate complex data or phenomena. Asking questions demonstrates curiosity and the ability to think critically, which are essential traits of a creative scientist. By engaging in all of these activities, scientists can demonstrate their creativity in various aspects of their work.

Explanation
Scientific explanations are not always true because the scientific method involves formulating hypotheses, conducting experiments, and analyzing data to arrive at conclusions. These conclusions can be revised or even proven false as new evidence emerges. Science is a constantly evolving field, and what may be considered true today may be disproven in the future. Therefore, scientific explanations are subject to change and refinement based on new findings and advancements in knowledge.

Explanation
This is a testable idea because it can be investigated through various methods such as conducting surveys or experiments to compare the quality, durability, and user satisfaction of Bic and Papermate brand pens. These investigations can provide empirical evidence to support or refute Paul's belief that Bic brand pens are better than Papermate brand pens.

Explanation
The statement "Diana thinks that Jason's sculpture is very unique and creative" is a subjective opinion and cannot be scientifically tested. Scientific investigations require objective and measurable variables that can be observed and tested in a systematic manner. The uniqueness and creativity of a sculpture are subjective qualities that cannot be quantitatively measured or tested using scientific methods. Therefore, this idea is not testable.

Explanation
Scientists should not hide any evidence that does not support their investigation or experiment. This goes against the principles of scientific integrity and transparency. In order to ensure the reliability and validity of their findings, scientists are expected to report all results, including those that may not align with their initial hypotheses or expectations. By sharing all evidence, even if it contradicts their initial assumptions, scientists contribute to the advancement of knowledge and promote the peer review process, which helps to identify potential flaws or biases in their research.

Explanation
Feelings and opinions are subjective observations because they are based on personal experiences, beliefs, and perspectives. They can vary from person to person and are influenced by individual biases, emotions, and values. Objective observations, on the other hand, are based on facts and can be measured or proven. Since feelings and opinions cannot be universally agreed upon or objectively measured, they fall under the category of subjective observations.

Explanation
Scientists should use data to support their explanations because data provides evidence and helps to validate their claims. By using data, scientists can demonstrate the reliability and credibility of their explanations. Data allows for objective analysis and evaluation, ensuring that conclusions are based on factual information rather than personal opinions or biases. Additionally, data-driven explanations promote transparency and reproducibility, allowing other scientists to scrutinize and verify the findings. Overall, using data strengthens the scientific method and enhances the rigor and accuracy of scientific explanations.

Explanation
Scientists are known for their creativity in the field of research and discovery. They often come up with innovative ideas and theories to explain existing evidence in a new way. This allows them to expand knowledge and understanding in their respective fields. By thinking outside the box and offering fresh perspectives, scientists contribute to the advancement of science and help uncover new insights. Therefore, it is true that scientists can be creative and explain old evidence in a new way.

Explanation
The branches of science, including life, earth, and physical sciences, often overlap because they are interconnected and share common principles and concepts. For example, studying the earth's ecosystems (life science) requires an understanding of geological processes (earth science) and the physical properties of matter (physical science). Similarly, studying the impact of climate change on living organisms requires knowledge from all three branches. Therefore, it is true that the branches of science often overlap.

Explanation
The answer "Testable ideas, The natural world" suggests that science focuses on studying testable ideas within the natural world. This means that scientific research is based on formulating hypotheses that can be tested through experiments or observations in order to gain knowledge about the natural world. Science does not concern itself with opinions and feelings, but rather with empirical evidence and objective observations. Therefore, the answer implies that science is concerned with investigating phenomena that can be tested and observed in the natural world.

Explanation
Scientists do not always need expensive equipment when they do experiments. While some experiments may require specialized and costly equipment, there are also many experiments that can be conducted using simple and inexpensive equipment. Additionally, scientists often collaborate and share resources, allowing them to access expensive equipment without having to individually purchase it. Therefore, the statement that scientists always need expensive equipment is false.