1.
SECTION 1: PARTS OF SPEECH
Determine the parts of speech of the underlined words/phrases in the following paragraph.
[1] Early farmers on the [2] Great Plains eked out a rough existence, [3] for there were few towns, stores, or other signs of civilization. [4] Many farm homes were constructed mostly of sod bricks, [5] which were cut [6] out of the prairie. Trees were in short supply on these windswept lands, but the resourceful settler might find a few [7] cottonwoods growing [8] along a creek or river. [9] These [10] could be used to build a frame for the roof, which was then covered [11] lightly with grassy earth. Grass, both [12] on the roof [13] and in the sod, helped to hold the house together. Some of [14] these rugged homes had a door made of timber, but [15] quite often a cowhide [16] was draped across the entrance. [17] Inside was a dirt floor covered with a bearskin [18] or a buffalo hide. As more settlers moved [19] west, bringing furnishings and [20] building materials, farmers eventually abandoned these first, primitive dwellings and built homes that were more conventional.
2.
SECTION 2: NOUNS, QUANTIFIERS, AND ARTICLES
In each sentence below, there are four underlined words/phrases. Choose the incorrect one and write the correct version of it in the blank.
Example: Now People all over the world use chocolate to flavor food.
The incorrect answer is People; therefore, in the space provided you write people.
3.
SECTION 3 : FORMS OF OTHER
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of "other."
4.
Early
Correct Answer
C. Adjective
Explanation
"Early" is classified as an adjective because it describes or modifies a noun. In this case, "early" describes the timing or time frame of something. It answers the question of when something happens or is done. For example, "early morning," "early bird," or "early arrival." Adjectives provide additional information about the noun they modify, giving more details or characteristics to the sentence.
5.
Great Plains
Correct Answer
A. Noun
Explanation
"Great Plains" is a specific term referring to a geographical feature, which makes it a noun. It is a proper noun as it is a specific name for a region located in North America. Nouns are words that represent people, places, things, or ideas, and "Great Plains" fits into the category of a noun as it represents a specific place.
6.
for
Correct Answer
G. Conjunction
Explanation
The given answer "Conjunction" is correct because a conjunction is a part of speech that connects words, phrases, or clauses together. It is used to join two or more words or groups of words to make a compound sentence. In the given list, all the other options (Noun, Pronoun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb, Preposition, and Interjection) are different parts of speech that serve different grammatical functions.
7.
Many
Correct Answer
C. Adjective
Explanation
"Many" is classified as an adjective because it modifies a noun or pronoun by indicating a large quantity or number. In this case, "many" describes the noun that follows it.
8.
which
Correct Answer
B. Pronoun
Explanation
The word "which" is a pronoun. Pronouns are words that are used in place of nouns to avoid repetition. "Which" is used to ask about or refer to a specific thing or things out of a group of things. It helps to avoid repeating the noun or noun phrase that it refers to.
9.
out of
Correct Answer
F. Preposition
Explanation
The word "out of" is a preposition. Prepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence. In this case, "out of" indicates movement or direction from within something to the outside. It is used to express the idea of leaving or exiting a place or situation. Prepositions are commonly used to indicate location, time, direction, manner, and other relationships.
10.
cottonwoods
Correct Answer
A. Noun
Explanation
The word "cottonwoods" is a noun because it refers to a type of tree. Nouns are words that name people, places, things, or ideas, and "cottonwoods" fits this definition as it is the name of a specific type of tree.
11.
along
Correct Answer
F. Preposition
Explanation
"Along" is classified as a preposition. Prepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence. In the case of "along," it indicates movement or position in a specific direction parallel to something else. For example, in the sentence "She walked along the beach," "along" shows the direction of her movement parallel to the beach. Therefore, "preposition" is the correct answer.
12.
these
Correct Answer
B. Pronoun
Explanation
The word "these" is classified as a pronoun because it is used to replace or refer to a noun or noun phrase that has already been mentioned. In this case, "these" is likely referring to a specific group of items or objects that have been previously mentioned in the context. Pronouns serve to avoid repetition and make sentences more concise.
13.
could be used
Correct Answer
D. Verb
Explanation
"Could be used" is a verb phrase that consists of the modal verb "could" and the main verb "be used." In this phrase, "could" indicates possibility or ability, while "be used" is the main verb indicating the action of utilizing something. Therefore, "could be used" functions as a verb in the sentence.
14.
lightly
Correct Answer
E. Adverb
Explanation
The word "lightly" is classified as an adverb. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs to provide more information about how an action is performed or to what extent. In this case, "lightly" describes the manner in which something is done or the degree of force or pressure applied. It does not function as a noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, preposition, conjunction, or interjection.
15.
on
Correct Answer
F. Preposition
Explanation
The given correct answer is "Preposition". A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence. It is used to indicate location, time, direction, or manner. Examples of prepositions include "on", "in", "at", "under", "over", "before", "after", etc. In this case, "on" is a preposition that indicates a relationship between the noun or pronoun and something else in the sentence.
16.
and
Correct Answer
G. Conjunction
Explanation
The given options are all parts of speech. A conjunction is a word that connects words, phrases, or clauses. It is used to join two or more words or groups of words together in a sentence. Therefore, the correct answer is "Conjunction" as it is the only option that fits this definition.
17.
these
Correct Answer
C. Adjective
Explanation
The word "these" is functioning as an adjective in this context. Adjectives are used to describe or modify nouns, and "these" is modifying an unspecified noun that is not mentioned in the given question. Adjectives can indicate the number, quantity, or proximity of the noun they are modifying, and in this case, "these" suggests that the noun it is modifying is in close proximity to the speaker or writer.
18.
quite
Correct Answer
E. Adverb
Explanation
"Quite" is classified as an adverb because it modifies adjectives, verbs, and other adverbs. It adds intensity or degree to the word it modifies. For example, in the sentence "She is quite intelligent," "quite" modifies the adjective "intelligent" by emphasizing the level of intelligence. Adverbs typically answer questions such as how, when, where, or to what extent, and "quite" fits into this category by expressing a high degree or extent.
19.
was draped
Correct Answer
D. Verb
Explanation
The word "was draped" is a verb phrase. The verb "was" is the past tense of the verb "to be," and "draped" is the past participle form of the verb "to drape." Together, they form a verb phrase indicating an action that occurred in the past, where something was covered or adorned with fabric or a similar material.
20.
inside
Correct Answer
C. Adjective
Explanation
In this context, "inside" is used to describe or modify a noun. It provides information about the location or position of something. Therefore, "inside" functions as an adjective in this sentence.
21.
or
Correct Answer
G. Conjunction
Explanation
The given correct answer is "Conjunction." A conjunction is a part of speech that connects words, phrases, or clauses together. It is used to join two or more elements in a sentence, such as words, phrases, or independent clauses. Conjunctions are important in forming compound sentences and coordinating ideas. They can be used to show relationships of time, cause and effect, contrast, or addition. Examples of conjunctions include "and," "but," "or," "because," and "although."
22.
west
Correct Answer
E. Adverb
Explanation
The word "west" is classified as an adverb because it describes the direction or manner in which something is happening. It does not function as a noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, preposition, conjunction, or interjection in this context.
23.
building
Correct Answer
C. Adjective
Explanation
The word "building" can function as an adjective when it is used to describe another noun. For example, in the phrase "building materials," the word "building" is describing the type of materials. Therefore, it is functioning as an adjective in this context.
24.
Many popular flavorings come from Native american cultures.
Correct Answer
Native American
Explanation
Native American cultures have a rich history of using various herbs, spices, and natural ingredients as flavorings in their traditional cuisines. These flavorings have gained popularity and have been incorporated into mainstream cooking and food production. Examples of popular flavorings that originated from Native American cultures include corn, beans, squash, wild rice, maple syrup, and various types of berries. These flavorings not only add unique tastes to dishes but also contribute to the cultural diversity and heritage of Native American cuisine.
25.
Chili was unknown in an Asia or Europe a few hundred years ago.
Correct Answer
in
Explanation
The word "in" is used to indicate a location or a specific point in time. In this context, "in" is used to specify that chili was not known in Asia or Europe a few hundred years ago. It suggests that chili was not present or recognized in these regions during that time period.
26.
Now it's the most popular spice in a world.
Correct Answer
the
27.
It's hard to imagine the Italian or Szechuan food without chili.
Correct Answer
Italian
Explanation
Italian cuisine is known for its bold and flavorful dishes, and chili peppers are a key ingredient in many traditional Italian recipes. The use of chili peppers adds a spicy and vibrant kick to dishes like pasta arrabbiata, spicy sausage and pepperoni pizza, and various tomato-based sauces. Chili peppers are also used in popular Italian condiments like chili oil and crushed red pepper flakes. Therefore, it is difficult to envision Italian cuisine without the inclusion of chili peppers.
28.
A chocolate also comes from America.
Correct Answer
chocolate
29.
For some American cultures, it was the medicine.
Correct Answer
a
30.
Some people are energetic. ___________________ are lazy. Most people are the mixture of both.
Correct Answer
Others
Explanation
The given correct answer is "Others". This is because the sentence states that "Some people are energetic", implying that there is a group of people who possess this characteristic. In contrast, it is then stated that "___ are lazy", suggesting that there is another group of people who are lazy. The term "Others" fits perfectly in this context, as it refers to a different group of people who do not fall into the category of being energetic. Therefore, the correct answer is "Others".
31.
Two countries share the island of Hispaniola. One is Haiti. ___________________ is the Dominican Republic.
Correct Answer
The other
Explanation
The other country that shares the island of Hispaniola with Haiti is the Dominican Republic.
32.
Excuse me, waiter? Could you please bring me ___________________ fork? I dropped mine on the floor.
Correct Answer
another
Explanation
The person is asking the waiter to bring them another fork because they dropped their fork on the floor.
33.
Only two countries in South America, Bolivia and Paraguay, are inland. All of ___________________ have coastlines.
Correct Answer
the others
Explanation
The statement suggests that besides Bolivia and Paraguay, all the other countries in South America have coastlines.
34.
Washington is one of the five states of the United States with borders on the Pacific Ocean. What are ___________________ states?
Correct Answer
the other
Explanation
The question is asking for the names of the other states that have borders on the Pacific Ocean. Since Washington is already mentioned as one of the five states, the correct answer is "the other" states.
35.
A successful harvest depends largely on the weather. In some years, there is an abundant harvest. In ___________________ years, the harvest is lean, especially when there is a drought.
Correct Answer
other