Essential Questions On Nursing! Trivia Quiz

1. After abdominal surgery, which factor would predispose a client to deep vein thrombosis?

The client is 5′9" tall and weighs 128 lb.

The client has been pregnant four times.

The client usually walks 3 miles a day.

The client will be immobile during and shortly after surgery.

After abdominal surgery, immobility is a major risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Immobility can lead to blood pooling in the legs, which increases the risk of clot formation. Walking and physical activity help to promote blood flow and prevent clotting. The client's height, weight, and pregnancy history are not directly related to the risk of DVT in this scenario.

Explanation

After abdominal surgery, immobility is a major risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Immobility can lead to blood pooling in the legs, which increases the risk of clot formation. Walking and physical activity help to promote blood flow and prevent clotting. The client's height, weight, and pregnancy history are not directly related to the risk of DVT in this scenario.

2. Which intervention is appropriate for the nurse caring for a client in severe pain receiving a continuous I.V. infusion of morphine?

Assisting with a naloxone challenge test before therapy begins

Discontinuing the drug immediately if signs of dependence appear

Changing the administration route to P.O. if the client can tolerate fluids

Obtaining baseline vital signs before administering the first dose

Obtaining baseline vital signs before administering the first dose is an appropriate intervention for a nurse caring for a client in severe pain receiving a continuous I.V. infusion of morphine. Baseline vital signs provide a reference point for comparison and help the nurse monitor the client's response to the medication. This is important because morphine can cause respiratory depression, hypotension, and other adverse effects. By obtaining baseline vital signs, the nurse can identify any changes or abnormalities in the client's condition and take appropriate action.

Explanation

Obtaining baseline vital signs before administering the first dose is an appropriate intervention for a nurse caring for a client in severe pain receiving a continuous I.V. infusion of morphine. Baseline vital signs provide a reference point for comparison and help the nurse monitor the client's response to the medication. This is important because morphine can cause respiratory depression, hypotension, and other adverse effects. By obtaining baseline vital signs, the nurse can identify any changes or abnormalities in the client's condition and take appropriate action.

3. A client with osteoarthritis tells the nurse she is concerned that the disease will prevent her from doing her chores. Which suggestion should the nurse offer?

"Do all your chores in the morning, when pain and stiffness are least pronounced."

"Do all your chores after performing morning exercises to loosen up."

"Pace yourself and rest frequently, especially after activities."

"Do all your chores in the evening, when pain and stiffness are least pronounced

The suggestion to pace oneself and rest frequently, especially after activities, is the most appropriate response for a client with osteoarthritis. This approach allows the client to manage their symptoms and prevent excessive strain on their joints. By pacing themselves, the client can avoid overexertion and minimize the risk of exacerbating their pain and stiffness. Resting frequently after activities also helps to reduce fatigue and allows the body to recover. This suggestion promotes self-care and encourages the client to find a balance between maintaining their independence and managing their symptoms effectively.

Explanation

The suggestion to pace oneself and rest frequently, especially after activities, is the most appropriate response for a client with osteoarthritis. This approach allows the client to manage their symptoms and prevent excessive strain on their joints. By pacing themselves, the client can avoid overexertion and minimize the risk of exacerbating their pain and stiffness. Resting frequently after activities also helps to reduce fatigue and allows the body to recover. This suggestion promotes self-care and encourages the client to find a balance between maintaining their independence and managing their symptoms effectively.

4. Which of the following factors can cause hepatitis A?

Contact with infected blood

Blood transfusions with infected blood

Eating contaminated shellfish

Sexual contact with an infected person

Eating contaminated shellfish can cause hepatitis A because shellfish, such as oysters and clams, can filter and concentrate the hepatitis A virus from contaminated water. When these shellfish are consumed raw or undercooked, the virus can be transmitted to humans and cause infection. Other factors listed, such as contact with infected blood, blood transfusions with infected blood, and sexual contact with an infected person, may cause other types of hepatitis but not specifically hepatitis A.

Explanation

Eating contaminated shellfish can cause hepatitis A because shellfish, such as oysters and clams, can filter and concentrate the hepatitis A virus from contaminated water. When these shellfish are consumed raw or undercooked, the virus can be transmitted to humans and cause infection. Other factors listed, such as contact with infected blood, blood transfusions with infected blood, and sexual contact with an infected person, may cause other types of hepatitis but not specifically hepatitis A.

5. After a person experiences a closure of the epiphyses, which of the following is true?

The bone grows in length but not thickness.

The bone increases in thickness and is remodeled.

Both bone length and thickness continues.

No further increase in bone length occurs.

After a person experiences a closure of the epiphyses, which is the point where the bone stops growing in length, there is no further increase in bone length. This is because the epiphyses are responsible for bone growth in length, and once they close, the bone can no longer elongate. However, bone can still increase in thickness through a process called remodeling, where old bone is replaced by new bone. Therefore, the correct answer is that no further increase in bone length occurs.

Explanation

After a person experiences a closure of the epiphyses, which is the point where the bone stops growing in length, there is no further increase in bone length. This is because the epiphyses are responsible for bone growth in length, and once they close, the bone can no longer elongate. However, bone can still increase in thickness through a process called remodeling, where old bone is replaced by new bone. Therefore, the correct answer is that no further increase in bone length occurs.

6. A female patient complains of abdominal discomfort. The watery stool has been leaking from her rectum. This could be a sign of:

Bowel incontinence

Constipation

Fecal impaction

Diarrhea

Fecal impaction can be serious. When constipation is not resolved, stool becomes hardened and unable to pass. Liquid stool may pass around the impaction. Patients may complain of feeling bloated; having the urge to push; nausea or vomiting; not wanting to eat. The impaction may need to be manually removed. Patient education should include increasing liquids and fiber, as well as regular physical activity.

Explanation

Fecal impaction can be serious. When constipation is not resolved, stool becomes hardened and unable to pass. Liquid stool may pass around the impaction. Patients may complain of feeling bloated; having the urge to push; nausea or vomiting; not wanting to eat. The impaction may need to be manually removed. Patient education should include increasing liquids and fiber, as well as regular physical activity.

7. For a client with hyperglycemia, which assessment finding best supports a nursing diagnosis of Deficient fluid volume?

Cool, clammy skin

Distended neck veins

Increased urine osmolarity

Decreased serum sodium level

Increased urine osmolarity is the best assessment finding that supports a nursing diagnosis of Deficient fluid volume in a client with hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia leads to increased blood glucose levels, which causes the kidneys to excrete more glucose in the urine. This increased excretion of glucose in the urine leads to increased urine osmolarity, indicating a loss of fluid volume. Therefore, increased urine osmolarity is a significant finding that supports the nursing diagnosis of Deficient fluid volume in this client.

Explanation

Increased urine osmolarity is the best assessment finding that supports a nursing diagnosis of Deficient fluid volume in a client with hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia leads to increased blood glucose levels, which causes the kidneys to excrete more glucose in the urine. This increased excretion of glucose in the urine leads to increased urine osmolarity, indicating a loss of fluid volume. Therefore, increased urine osmolarity is a significant finding that supports the nursing diagnosis of Deficient fluid volume in this client.

8. Every morning a client with type 1 diabetes receives 15 units of Humulin 70/30. What does this type of insulin contain?

70 units of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin and 30 units of regular insulin

70 units of regular insulin and 30 units of NPH insulin

70% NPH insulin and 30% regular insulin

70% regular insulin and 30% NPH insulin

Humulin 70/30 is a mixture of 70% NPH (neutral protamine Hagedorn) insulin and 30% regular insulin. NPH insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin that provides a basal level of insulin throughout the day, while regular insulin is a short-acting insulin that helps control blood sugar spikes after meals. This combination is commonly used to provide both basal and prandial (mealtime) insulin coverage for individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Explanation

Humulin 70/30 is a mixture of 70% NPH (neutral protamine Hagedorn) insulin and 30% regular insulin. NPH insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin that provides a basal level of insulin throughout the day, while regular insulin is a short-acting insulin that helps control blood sugar spikes after meals. This combination is commonly used to provide both basal and prandial (mealtime) insulin coverage for individuals with type 1 diabetes.

9. The nurse is teaching the client how to use a cane. Which of the following statements is most inaccurate?

The client should hold the cane on the involved side.

The client should hold the cane close to his body.

The stride length and the timing of each step should be equal.

The nurse should stand behind the client to prevent falls.

The client should hold the cane on the uninvolved side, not the involved side. Holding the cane on the uninvolved side provides better support and stability while walking.

Explanation

The client should hold the cane on the uninvolved side, not the involved side. Holding the cane on the uninvolved side provides better support and stability while walking.

10. The electrocardiogram (ECG) tracing shown below, excluding the seventh beat, has a normal QRS complex, one premature atrial contraction (PAC), and what other attributes?

P wave is identifiable, PR interval is 0.16 second, and sinus rhythm is at 95 beats/minute

P wave and PR interval are unidentifiable and sinus arrhythmia is at 95 beats/minute

P wave is identifiable, PR interval is 0.16 second, and sinus rhythm is at 95 beats/minute

P wave is identifiable, PR interval is 0.16 second, and sinus arrhythmia is at 95 beats/minute

The correct answer is that the P wave is identifiable, the PR interval is 0.16 seconds, and the sinus rhythm is at 95 beats/minute. This means that the electrical activity of the atria is normal, as indicated by the presence of a visible P wave. The PR interval, which represents the time it takes for the electrical signal to travel from the atria to the ventricles, is within the normal range. Additionally, the sinus rhythm, which indicates that the heart is beating in a regular pattern, is at a rate of 95 beats per minute.

Explanation

The correct answer is that the P wave is identifiable, the PR interval is 0.16 seconds, and the sinus rhythm is at 95 beats/minute. This means that the electrical activity of the atria is normal, as indicated by the presence of a visible P wave. The PR interval, which represents the time it takes for the electrical signal to travel from the atria to the ventricles, is within the normal range. Additionally, the sinus rhythm, which indicates that the heart is beating in a regular pattern, is at a rate of 95 beats per minute.