FMGE Past Questions Anatomy 3

The given answer ".25cm" is most likely incorrect, as the length of the esophagus in adults is typically much longer than that. The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach, and its length can vary between individuals. On average, the length of the esophagus in adults is around 25-30cm. However, it is important to note that the exact length can vary depending on factors such as the individual's height and body size.

The anterior cardiac vein drains directly into the right atrium of the heart, rather than into the coronary sinus. The coronary sinus is a large vein located on the posterior surface of the heart that collects blood from other cardiac veins and then empties it into the right atrium. Therefore, the anterior cardiac vein is the correct answer as it does not drain into the coronary sinus.

The correct answer is retrosternal. A diaphragmatic hernia, specifically a Bochdalek hernia, is a congenital condition where there is a hole or weakness in the diaphragm muscle allowing abdominal organs to protrude into the chest cavity. The retrosternal location refers to the area behind the sternum or breastbone. This is the most common location for diaphragmatic hernias in children.

The base of the heart is mainly formed by the right atrium. The base of the heart is the top portion of the heart where the major blood vessels enter and exit. The right atrium is located at the top right side of the heart and receives deoxygenated blood from the body. It then pumps this blood into the right ventricle, which is located below the right atrium. Therefore, the right atrium plays a significant role in forming the base of the heart.

The shape of tracheal cartilage is W shaped. This is because the trachea needs to be flexible enough to allow for movement during breathing, but also sturdy enough to maintain its shape and prevent collapse. The W shape provides a balance between flexibility and stability, allowing the trachea to expand and contract as needed while still providing support.

The lower border of the lung lies at the level of the 4th rib in the midclavicular plane. This means that when looking at the chest from the front, the bottom edge of the lung can be seen at the level of the 4th rib.

The statement that the first five ganglia give preganglionic fibers is true. The sympathetic trunk is a paired chain of ganglia that runs parallel to the spinal cord. It consists of a series of ganglia that give off preganglionic fibers, which then synapse with postganglionic fibers. The first five ganglia in the thoracic part of the sympathetic trunk give rise to preganglionic fibers that innervate various organs and structures in the thoracic region. Therefore, this statement accurately describes the thoracic part of the sympathetic trunk.