What Did Aristotle Do?

1. When Plato thinks of knowledge, his first thought is of ________; and when Aristotle thinks of knowledge his first thought is of ___________.

Mathematics and biology

Biology and mathematics

Mathematics and astrology

Biology and astrology

168.1

Explanation

168.1

2. Did Aristotle believe that the body and soul act independently of one another?

Yes, souls are distinct entities and are capable of existence on their own.

Yes, they act independently whereby they help accomplish the same tasks and work towards the same goal.

No, a person is one being - with body and soul working together, a person can do all human things.

No, the body is useless without the soul acting first.

182.1

Explanation

182.1

3. Which is NOT one of the ways Aristotle understands movement when distinguishing between nature and art?

Movement from place to place

Growth and decay

Changes in beliefs and attitudes

Change in qualities

169.9

Explanation

169.9

4. How does Aristotle tell us to attain virtues?

Virtues are already innate in us

Through the study of syllogism

By finding “the mean” or the point at which human excellence flourishes

By practicing behavior that eventually becomes habitual

Aristotle tells us to attain virtues by practicing behavior that eventually becomes habitual. According to him, virtues are not innate in us but are developed through consistent practice and repetition. By engaging in virtuous actions repeatedly, we cultivate good habits and eventually become virtuous individuals. This aligns with Aristotle's concept of virtue ethics, which emphasizes the importance of moral character and habituation in the pursuit of excellence.

Explanation

Aristotle tells us to attain virtues by practicing behavior that eventually becomes habitual. According to him, virtues are not innate in us but are developed through consistent practice and repetition. By engaging in virtuous actions repeatedly, we cultivate good habits and eventually become virtuous individuals. This aligns with Aristotle's concept of virtue ethics, which emphasizes the importance of moral character and habituation in the pursuit of excellence.

5. How does the efficient cause answer the "why" question?

By naming the things that triggered the beginning of the thing in question

By pointing to the matter it is composed of

By naming what the thing in question is for

By citing the form of the thing in question

171.4 [Good job]

Explanation

171.4 [Good job]

6. Aristotle's work with syllogisms established the foundations of modern logic, and in doing so he influenced how philosophers, mathematicians, and even computer programmers determine the validity of arguments. Which of the following is a valid syllogism?

Socrates is a man. Some men are mortal. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

All golfers are communists. All communists are in Russia. Therefore, all golfers are in Russia.

No man is an island. All islands are attractive. Therefore, no man is attractive.

All retrievers are dogs. No cats like water. Therefore, all retrievers like water.

165.7

Explanation

165.7

7. What background will help us have a sound understanding of Aristotle's ethics?

Number of years a person has lived.

Knowledge of science and mathematics

Astronomy and understanding of heavenly bodies

Experience of particular situations

186.3

Explanation

186.3

8. Which of the following is NOT one of the four perplexing problems for philosophers as a result of new science?

What is the place of mind in this world of matter?

What is the place of value in this world of fact?

What is the place of mechanism in this world of freedom?

Is there any room left for God at all?

319.8

Explanation

319.8

9. Aristotle indicated that: _____ provide(s) the tools by which science can succeed in understanding the_______?

Actuality and Potentiality; Four Causes

Four Causes, Actuality and Potentiality; Natural world

Nature of static and eternal things; Natural laws of development

Knowing that forms are not outside the natural world; Natural world

173.3

Explanation

173.3

10. While they differ in many senses, Plato and Aristotle are similar in that:

They each have one major underlying concern about the world that all their experience and teachings hinge on.

They each held that the human soul is merely a form of the particular body that a given individual has.

They both sought to refute sophistic relativism and skepticism.

160.4

Explanation

160.4

11. Raymond Sebond was a theologian of the fifteenth century with some astonishing claims that exceeded Aristotle, Anselm, and Aquinas. The most astonishing and most popular claim was:

The existence and nature of God can be proved by reason.

Rational proofs can be given for some distinctive doctrines of Christianity.

311.9

Explanation

311.9

12. One of the consequences described in the reading of the "New Science" of "thinking of the universe in purely quantitative terms, as a set of objects with purely quantitative characteristics...that interact with each other according to fixed laws" was:

The ultimate loss of credibility of the Catholic church.

A move away from corpuscularism (atomism)

The end of teleological explanations (final causes).

The beginning trend of idealism (that ultimate reality is fundamentally mental)

317.8

Explanation

317.8

13. You observe a monkey at the zoo caring for its young baby. This is a characteristic of which level of Souls according to Aristotle?

Nutritive Soul, because it takes in nourishment and converts it to life

Nutritive Soul, because it lives and reproduces

Sensitive Soul, by virtue of being an animal

Sensitive Soul, because monkeys can think about their offspring

180.9

Explanation

180.9

14. How does the book contrast Plato and Aristotle as far as their intellectual styles?

Aristotle is a man with one big problem, Plato is a man with many small problems

Plato is a man with one big problem, Aristotle is a man with many small problems

Aristotle focused on biology, Plato focused on math

Aristotle and Plato’s intellectual styles were almost completely the same because Aristotle studied under Plato.

160.3

Explanation

160.3

15. Aristotle's theory of forms differs from Plato's in that:

Aristotle’s forms only refer to the definitions of things without having to establish shape or quality

Aristotle’s forms are only theoretically separable from the object in question

Aristotle’s forms are only used to describe the shape of something, not the definition of a thing

Aristotle’s forms do not differ from Plato’s forms

170.9

Explanation

170.9

16. In contrast to Plato's account of the rational soul, Aristotle's general account of the relation of the soul to the body is that:

Souls are a form of a certain kind of body and so cannot be separated from the body.

The body is a temple of God, and he who destroys the temple of God will also be destroyed

183.8

Explanation

183.8

17. According to Aristotle, God's life is a life of contemplation on the subject of:

The Good Life

Morality/Ethics

Pure Actualities

Thought

179.10

Explanation

179.10

18. Aristotle uses the term nous to describe the capacity to grasp first principles by abstracting what is essential from many particular instances present to our senses. Which of the following best describes the need for such a capacity?

Physical senses, memories, and experiences are limited in their ability to teach through induction of perceptions.

Not everything can be learned through demonstration, but what cannot be demonstrated must be grasped in some other way.

More than one of the above.

168.6

Explanation

168.6