Reproductive Health

For successful conception, it is important that the reproductive organs are both anatomically and functionally normal. This ensures that the necessary processes for fertilization and implantation can occur. Additionally, the female should have a normal, regular reproductive cycle, as this indicates that ovulation is occurring regularly, increasing the chances of fertilization. Lastly, sufficient sperm must be available around the time of ovulation to increase the likelihood of successful fertilization. Therefore, all of these factors are vital for successful conception.

The lactational amenorrhea method is a natural contraception method that relies on the natural suppression of ovulation during breastfeeding. When a woman exclusively breastfeeds her baby, it can delay the return of her menstrual cycle and prevent pregnancy. This method is based on the fact that breastfeeding stimulates the release of the hormone prolactin, which inhibits ovulation. Therefore, it is considered a natural and non-hormonal form of contraception.

The causes of infertility in men can include physical abnormalities of the penis and non-functional testes. Physical abnormalities of the penis can affect the ability to ejaculate properly or cause difficulties in achieving or maintaining an erection. Non-functional testes, on the other hand, can result in a low sperm count or impaired sperm quality. Cigarette or alcohol consumption, although known to have negative effects on overall health, are not specifically mentioned as causes of infertility in men in this question.

All of these factors are vital for successful conception. The sperm count and quality of the male partner's sperm is important as it determines the chances of fertilization. The mucous membrane of the cervix plays a crucial role in facilitating the transport of active spermatozoa from the vagina to the uterus. Additionally, certain congenital anomalies in the reproductive system can affect fertility. Therefore, considering all these factors is necessary for successful conception.

The AID (Artificial Insemination by Donor) technique is a solution for overcoming various problems related to male infertility. It can be used when the male partner is unable to inseminate the female, when there are very low sperm counts in the ejaculates, or when the husband has asthenozoospermia (reduced sperm motility). Thus, the correct answer is "all of these" as the AID technique can be beneficial in all of these scenarios.

The Widal test is used to diagnose typhoid fever. It detects antibodies in the blood that are produced in response to the Salmonella typhi bacteria, which causes typhoid fever. This test helps in confirming the presence of the infection and determining the specific antibodies present, aiding in the diagnosis and treatment of typhoid.

In the IUT (Intrauterine Transfer) technique, embryos with more than 8 blastomeres are transferred to the uterus. Blastomeres are the cells that make up the early embryo. By transferring embryos with more than 8 blastomeres, it ensures that the embryo has reached a certain stage of development and has a higher chance of implanting successfully in the uterus. This stage of embryo development indicates that it has progressed beyond the early cleavage stages and is more likely to result in a successful pregnancy.

Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease that can cause a greenish-yellow discharge called gleet to come out of the penis. This discharge is a common symptom of the infection and is caused by inflammation and infection of the urethra. It is important to seek medical attention if experiencing this symptom, as gonorrhoea can lead to serious complications if left untreated.

The given answer matches Column M with the appropriate terms given in Column N. In this case, A is matched with q, B is matched with p, and C is matched with r.

Subash Mukopadyaya is the correct answer because he was the doctor who successfully performed India's first in-vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure. IVF is a method of assisted reproductive technology where eggs are fertilized by sperm outside the body, and the resulting embryos are then implanted into the woman's uterus. Mukopadyaya's achievement in 1978 paved the way for many couples struggling with infertility to have children through this groundbreaking medical procedure.

Sperm-killing chemicals are applied on to the vagina before intercourse. This is because the vagina is the entry point for sperm during sexual intercourse. By applying the chemicals directly to the vagina, they can effectively kill or immobilize the sperm, preventing fertilization and pregnancy. Applying the chemicals on other areas such as the penis or diaphragm may not be as effective in preventing pregnancy as they do not directly come into contact with the sperm.

The given options are all correct regarding conception. Inducing the release of several ova simultaneously can increase the chances of fertilization. Preparing a sperm sample of reasonable count and motility is important for successful fertilization. Approximating gametes can also increase the chances of fertilization. Therefore, none of these options are incorrect.

Primary infertility refers to the inability of a woman to conceive or achieve a successful pregnancy despite having regular unprotected sexual intercourse for at least one year. The correct answer states that in primary infertility, fertilization or conception never occurs. This means that even though the woman may be ovulating and releasing eggs, the sperm is unable to fertilize the egg, leading to the inability to conceive. This can be due to various reasons such as issues with the sperm, blocked fallopian tubes, hormonal imbalances, or reproductive disorders.

In AIH (Artificial Insemination by Husband) technique, sperms from the husband are injected into the uterus of a woman. This procedure is used when the husband's sperm count is low or if there are other issues with the sperm. By directly injecting the husband's sperm into the uterus, it increases the chances of fertilization and pregnancy. This technique is often used in cases where the couple is unable to conceive naturally.

Unwanted 7 is the most familiar emergency contraceptive because it is a widely recognized brand and has been available in the market for a long time. It is easily accessible and commonly used by individuals who require emergency contraception.