Ch 9 AP World Quiz

Explanation
During the Crusades, the main reason for the fighting was the control over the region in the Middle East that is believed to be the Holy Land. The Crusaders, who were primarily European Christians, aimed to regain control of this region, including Jerusalem, from the Muslim forces that had taken over. The Holy Land held great religious significance for Christians, as it was the land where Jesus Christ had lived and died. Therefore, the Crusades were driven by religious motivations and the desire to reclaim this important territory.

Explanation
Urban II called on Christians to drive Muslims out of the Holy Land. This refers to the historical event known as the Crusades, which took place during the 11th to 13th centuries. Urban II, the Pope at the time, issued a call to Christians to take up arms and reclaim Jerusalem from Muslim control. This call to action led to a series of military campaigns known as the Crusades, with the goal of establishing Christian dominance in the Holy Land.

Explanation
In the feudal system, lords would grant land, known as fiefs, to lower lords and knights in exchange for their military service. This was a way for the lords to ensure they had a loyal and capable fighting force to protect their land and interests. The lower lords and knights would then become vassals of the higher lords, swearing an oath of loyalty and providing military support when needed. This system of land grants for military service was a fundamental aspect of feudal society.

Explanation
During the medieval period, Italy and Flanders were indeed the leading trading cities. Italy, particularly cities like Venice and Genoa, had a strong maritime trade network and controlled important trade routes. Flanders, located in present-day Belgium and the Netherlands, was known for its textile industry and had prosperous trading cities like Bruges and Ghent. These cities were major hubs for international trade, attracting merchants from all over Europe and beyond. Therefore, the statement that the leading trading cities were in Italy and Flanders is true.

Explanation
Coins helped revive trade in the Middle Ages because they provided a standardized form of currency that was widely accepted and easily portable. Prior to the use of coins, trade relied on bartering or the exchange of goods and services, which could be cumbersome and inefficient. Coins allowed for a more efficient and convenient means of conducting transactions, stimulating economic activity and facilitating the growth of trade networks. The use of coins also helped to establish trust and confidence in the value of goods and services exchanged, further promoting trade and economic development.

Explanation
In Kievan Russia, power was not solely derived from military strength. While military strength did play a role in maintaining power, other factors such as religious authority, economic control, and alliances with neighboring states also contributed to the ruling elite's power. Therefore, the statement that power in Kievan Russia was derived solely from military strength is false.

Explanation
Vladimir I made Orthodox Christianity the official religion of Kievan Russia. This decision had significant implications for the region, as it led to the spread and establishment of the Byzantine-influenced Orthodox Church in Russia. This choice also helped to unify the people under a common faith and provided a cultural and religious foundation for the development of Russian society and identity.

Explanation
The statement is false because the main conflict from 1000 to 1400 was not the power struggle between the monarchies and the Parliaments. During this time period, the main conflicts were centered around the Crusades, the Hundred Years' War, and various other wars and conflicts between different kingdoms and empires. The power struggle between monarchies and Parliaments became more significant in later centuries, particularly during the rise of constitutional monarchies in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Explanation
The Western Roman Empire, unlike the Eastern Roman Empire, did not retain its unity and eventually fell. On the other hand, the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire, managed to maintain its unity and became a powerful empire under the rule of an emperor who held both political and religious power.

Explanation
The statement is false because the Vikings were not the ones who settled in Northern England to become the Normans. The Normans were actually descendants of the Vikings, specifically the Norsemen from what is now known as Norway. They settled in the region of Normandy in modern-day France and eventually became the Normans.