Islam And The Crusades (Rose)

Explanation
The goal of the First Crusade in 1095 was to take back Jerusalem. The Crusaders, motivated by religious fervor, aimed to reclaim the holy city from Muslim control. Jerusalem held great significance for Christians as the place where Jesus was crucified and buried. The Crusaders believed that capturing Jerusalem would secure their place in heaven and fulfill their religious duty. This objective drove them to launch a military campaign that ultimately led to the successful capture of Jerusalem in 1099.

Explanation
An infidel is commonly understood to be someone who does not believe in or follow a particular religion. Therefore, the statement that an infidel is someone who doesn't believe in a religion is true.

Explanation
In feudalism, a vassal is someone who owns land and pledges loyalty and military service to a lord in exchange for protection and the right to use the land. The vassal is considered subordinate to the lord and is part of a hierarchical system where land ownership and power are intertwined. This system was prevalent in medieval Europe and is characterized by the exchange of land for loyalty and military service.

Explanation
Pope Eugene III called for the second crusade in 1145. The second crusade was a military campaign launched by European Christians in response to the fall of the County of Edessa to the Muslims. Pope Eugene III issued a papal bull, known as the "Quantum praedecessores," urging Christians to take up arms and defend the Holy Land. This call to action led to the formation of a large-scale expedition, involving both kings and commoners, with the aim of recapturing the lost territories. However, the second crusade ultimately ended in failure, as the Christian forces were unable to achieve their objectives.

Explanation
The term "just cause" refers to a legitimate or morally justified reason for engaging in a fight or conflict. In the context of attacking a city with an army, having a "just cause" implies that there is a valid justification or rationale for the military action, such as self-defense, protection of innocent lives, or the enforcement of justice. It suggests that the decision to fight is not arbitrary or unjustifiable, but rather based on a reasonable and morally acceptable cause.