Unit 6 Test - Industrialization And Economic Development
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- 1.Which of the following demographic characteristics of development would not be typical of a less developed country in 2008?
- A.
Low Crude Birth Rate (CBR).
- B.
Life expectancy of only 60 years.
- C.
Natural increase of less than 2%.
- D.
Twenty-five percent of the population below age 15.
- E.
High infant mortality rate of 57 deaths per 1000 births.
- 2.Which of the following countries in 2008 has the largest percent of its workforce engaged in the tertiary or service sector?
- A.
Peru
- B.
Nigeria
- C.
China
- D.
Egypt
- E.
Germany
- 3.Which set of data best describes the overall structure of a highly developed country's workforce in 2008 (% of workforce engaged in each sector)?
- A.
Primary 75%, secondary 15%, tertiary 10%
- B.
Primary 25%, secondary 50%, tertiary 25%
- C.
Primary 10%, secondary 30%, tertiary 60%
- D.
Primary 50%, secondary 25%, tertiary 25%
- E.
Primary 33%, secondary 33%, tertiary 34%
- 4.In the countries of China, Vietnam, and India which of the following sectors of the economy is losing the most people?
- A.
Primary
- B.
Secondary
- C.
Quaternary
- D.
Quinary
- E.
Tertiary
- 5.Which of the following economic sectors is the least likely to occur in the core area of a country?
- A.
Primary
- B.
Secondary
- C.
Quaternary
- D.
Quinary
- E.
Tertiary
- 6.Which of the following factors does not help explain why steel manufacturing facilities in the United States have increasingly been located in a costal city location?
- A.
The decreasing cost of transporting iron ore
- B.
Scrap metal is widely available in city locales
- C.
A large demand for steel exists in large coastal cities around the world
- D.
Cheap sources of iron ore from foreign countries
- E.
There is a shortage of iron ore in the interior United States
- 7.Which of the following cities is the highest order financial center?
- A.
Singapore
- B.
London
- C.
Sidney
- D.
Lagos
- E.
Chicago
- 8.Which of the following is not a locational tendency of high tech industries?
- A.
Proximity to a major university
- B.
Access to venture capital and entrepreneurs
- C.
Areas with high quality of life reputations
- D.
Inner-city, downtown locations close to central business districts
- E.
Availability of high quality communication and transportation facilities
- 9.Many United States high tech companies have been outsourcing many of their technical support and other tertiary jobs to which of the following countries?
- A.
India
- B.
China
- C.
South Africa
- D.
Saudi Arabia
- E.
Germany
- 10.Which of the following is typically not a characteristic of Least Developed Countries (LDCs)?
- A.
Extreme disparities in income exist between rich and poor
- B.
An increasing percentage of the population living in cities
- C.
Large portions of the population engaged in agricultural activity
- D.
Large portions of the population are highly skilled and educated
- E.
The standard of living has generally been rising
- 11.Which of the following regions gets the highest percentage of its Gross Domestic Product (GPD) from agriculture?
- A.
Central America
- B.
Central Africa
- C.
Western Europe
- D.
Australia
- E.
South America
- 12.Which of the following regions accounted for nearly 80% of the industrial output of the early 1800s Industrial Revolution?
- A.
Western Europe
- B.
Eastern China
- C.
United States
- D.
Australia
- E.
South America
- 13.Which of the following is considered the place of origin of the Industrial Revolution?
- A.
United Kingdom
- B.
France
- C.
United States
- D.
Belgium
- E.
Germany
- 14.Which of the following countries is not a major producer of steel?
- A.
China
- B.
Japan
- C.
United States
- D.
South Korea
- E.
Nigeria
- 15.Which of the following does not accurately depict the location characteristics of manufacturing in Russia?
- A.
Generally concentrated in the western portions of Russia
- B.
Located along transportation routes, especially railroads
- C.
The Ural Mountains vast amount of natural resources both supply and fuel factories with materials necessary to manufacture goods
- D.
The vast amount of fast moving rivers and large population create an agglomeration of industries near Lake Baikal
- E.
A large manufacturing area is concentrated near Moscow because of it's market, transportation connections, and it's centrality
- 16.Which of the following areas is considered a peripheral region within China?
- A.
Hong Kong-Guangdong-Southern
- B.
Shanghai-Chang-East
- C.
Beijing-Northern
- D.
Lhasa-Tibet-West
- E.
Shenyang-Northeast
- 17.Which of the following industries is most likely to outsource jobs to another country because of slight increases in labor costs?
- A.
Steel manufacturing
- B.
Automobile assembly plant
- C.
Textile plant
- D.
High- tech research facility
- E.
Milk dairy
- 18.Which of the following factors does not explain why automobile manufacturing and assembly plants continue to close or relocate facilities in the northern United States?
- A.
Lower labor costs in other U.S. regions
- B.
Cars are increasingly made with plastic and aluminum materials, which changes the optimal location of assembly plants
- C.
The United States population center countries to migrate south and west thereby increasing the transportation costs of production in the north
- D.
Weak unions in the north and shortage of skilled labor
- E.
Increasing competition from international companies locating plants in the United States
- 19.The industrialization of a country's economy often has which the following large-scale effects on a country's demographic patterns?
- A.
People migrate from the cities into rural areas seeking new jobs in the primary sector. This migration leads to a decrease in death rate for the country.
- B.
Individuals migrate to new industrial or urban areas in search of jobs. Over time the death rate increases for the country because of the high risk jobs.
- C.
Families migrate to cities seeking jobs in the secondary sector and because of the increased wages, birth rates increases for the country.
- D.
Mechanized farming replaces many labor-intensive jobs, inducing people to move to new industrial and urban areas. Over time, the country's birth rate decreases as the country industrializes.
- E.
Industrialization has very little effect on the migration of a country's population but does have the dramatic effect of increasing the death rate.
- 20.Which of the following descriptions is least accurate?
- A.
Post-Fordist workers often work on equal terms and conditions with managers
- B.
Fordist production requires mainly low skill labor
- C.
Post-Fordist production plants often produce a greater variety of goods that meet the needs of niche markets.
- D.
Fordist production workers often perform a specific specialized task over and over on the line
- E.
Post-Fordist production emphasizes the importance of classical economic theory as measured in distance cost as opposed to time cost.
- 21.All of the following are true of the fossil fuels except
- A.
They are distributed unevenly around the globe
- B.
The supply of fossil fuels is finite
- C.
Wealthy countries consume greater amounts of fossil fuels than poorer countries
- D.
The wealthiest countries have the greatest deposits of fossil fuels
- E.
The cost of fossil fuels will likely rise as global demand increases and reserves decline
- 22.Computer technical support jobs are increasingly being outsourced to India, because of improvements in telecommunication technology. Which term best exemplifies this trend?
- A.
Space-time compression
- B.
Agglomeration
- C.
Absolute distance
- D.
Multiplier effect
- E.
Non-government organizations (NGO)
- 23.Based on the concept of Wallerstein's world-system analysis, which of the following countries best fits the description of the core in the early 21st century?
- A.
United Kingdom
- B.
France
- C.
Germany
- D.
Spain
- E.
Netherlands
- 24.Which of the following development schools of thought advocates that countries proceed through progressive stages of economic structural change? Less developed countries should follow the path that Western Europe and North America took during the Industrial Revolution.
- A.
Core-periphery
- B.
Dependency
- C.
Modernization
- D.
Neoliberal Counterrevolution
- E.
Sustainable Development
- 25.Which of the following development schools of thought advocates the best strategies for development are the use of micro loans for women and the poor, small-scale community based projects, and resource conservation?
- A.
Appropriation
- B.
Dependency
- C.
Modernization
- D.
Neoliberal Counterrevolution
- E.
Sustainable Development
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