Turbochargers

Explanation
A turbocharger runs on exhaust gases. This is true because a turbocharger is a device that uses exhaust gases from an engine to compress the incoming air, which increases the amount of air entering the combustion chamber. This, in turn, allows for more fuel to be burned and increases the power output of the engine. By utilizing the energy from the exhaust gases, a turbocharger helps to improve the efficiency and performance of an engine.

Explanation
A wastegate is a device used in automotive turbochargers to regulate the boost pressure and prevent overboosting. It works by diverting exhaust gases away from the turbine wheel, controlling the speed at which the turbine spins. By controlling the speed, the wastegate allows the use of a smaller turbocharger, which reduces the lag or delay in power delivery. This is because a smaller turbocharger can spin up faster, resulting in quicker response and reduced lag.

Explanation
The turbocharger is bolted into the exhaust manifold. This is because the turbocharger uses the energy from the exhaust gases to spin a turbine, which in turn compresses the intake air before it enters the engine. By being bolted into the exhaust manifold, the turbocharger is able to directly harness the energy from the exhaust gases and use it to increase the power and efficiency of the engine.

Explanation
A turbocharger is a device that increases the efficiency and power output of an engine by forcing more air into the combustion chamber. It uses a turbine, which is driven by the engine's exhaust gases, to compress the incoming air. The speed at which the turbine rotates is directly proportional to the amount of exhaust gas flowing through it. Therefore, the number of rotations a turbocharger can do in one minute depends on the engine's exhaust gas flow rate. 150,000 rotations per minute is a reasonable estimate for a turbocharger's speed, considering the typical operating conditions and performance requirements of modern engines.

Explanation
The oil return line is a line that connects the bottom center section of the turbo to the oil pan. This line allows the oil that has been used to lubricate the turbo to flow back into the oil pan for recirculation. The other options mentioned, such as wastegate, oil feed line, and fuel line, are not correct because they do not accurately describe the purpose or location of the line in question.

Explanation
The waste gate is a component in a turbocharged engine that helps regulate the boost pressure. If the boost pressure gets too high, it means that the turbine is spinning too quickly. This could be a problem because excessive turbine speed can lead to engine damage or failure. Therefore, the waste gate is designed to open and divert some of the exhaust gases away from the turbine, reducing its speed and preventing any potential issues.

Explanation
Turbochargers do not use engine power. Instead, they utilize the exhaust gases produced by the engine to power a turbine, which in turn powers a compressor. This compressor then forces more air into the engine, allowing it to burn more fuel and generate more power. Therefore, turbochargers actually increase the engine's power output without using any of the engine's power directly.

Explanation
Turbines are typically made of steel due to its strength and durability. Steel is able to withstand the high temperatures and pressures that turbines operate under, making it an ideal material for this purpose. Additionally, steel is also resistant to corrosion, which is important for the longevity and efficiency of the turbine.

Explanation
In the case of forced induction, volumetric efficiency can exceed 100%. Forced induction refers to the use of devices like superchargers or turbochargers to compress the air entering the engine, allowing more air to be forced into the cylinders than would be possible through natural aspiration. This increased air intake can result in a volumetric efficiency that is greater than 100%, meaning that more air is being supplied to the engine than its displacement would normally allow. This can lead to improved engine performance and power output.

Explanation
In 1962, the first turbocharged car was released. This means that before this year, there were no cars that had a turbocharger installed. A turbocharger is a device that increases the efficiency and power of an engine by forcing more air into the combustion chamber. The development of turbocharged cars revolutionized the automotive industry by providing a significant boost in performance.

Explanation
Most turbochargers use ball bearings because they offer low friction and high durability. Ball bearings have small metal balls that rotate between two rings, reducing friction and allowing smooth movement. This design helps the turbocharger spin at high speeds without excessive heat generation. Additionally, ball bearings can handle both radial and axial loads, making them suitable for the high forces experienced in a turbocharger. Overall, ball bearings provide efficient and reliable performance, making them the preferred choice for turbocharger applications.

Explanation
Turbochargers are most commonly found in diesel engines. Diesel engines have a higher compression ratio compared to petrol engines, which means they generate more heat and pressure during the combustion process. Turbochargers help to increase the airflow into the engine, allowing more fuel to be burned and increasing the power output. This is particularly beneficial for diesel engines, as they tend to have lower power outputs compared to petrol engines. Therefore, turbochargers are commonly used in diesel engines to improve their performance and efficiency.

Explanation
The correct answer is 65%. This means that 65% of cars in Europe are turbocharged. Turbocharging is a popular technology used in modern cars to increase engine power and efficiency. It involves forcing more air into the engine, resulting in better performance. The high percentage suggests that turbocharging is widely adopted in Europe, likely due to its benefits in terms of power and fuel economy.

Explanation
A split boost pipe would reduce power in an engine. The boost pipe is responsible for delivering pressurized air from the turbocharger or supercharger to the engine. If the pipe is split or damaged, it can result in a loss of pressure and therefore a decrease in power output. This can affect the engine's overall performance and reduce its power capabilities.

Explanation
The compressor wheel is connected to the other end of the turbine wheel. In a turbocharger system, the turbine wheel is driven by the exhaust gases, and it spins the compressor wheel. The compressor wheel then compresses the incoming air, increasing its density before it enters the engine. This compressed air allows for more fuel to be burned, resulting in increased power output. Therefore, the compressor wheel is directly connected to the turbine wheel and plays a crucial role in the turbocharging process.