Principles And Processes Of Biotechnology

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| By Tanmay Shankar
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Tanmay Shankar
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  • 1/15 Questions

    Ligase is used for:

    • Separating DNA
    • Joining two DNA fragments
    • DNA polymerase reaction
    • All of these
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About This Quiz

Explore the core principles and processes of biotechnology, focusing on genetic engineering and DNA manipulation. Key topics include restriction endonucleases, recombinant DNA technology, and practical applications like producing interferon in E. Coli. Essential for learners aiming to understand advanced biotechnological techniques.

Principles And Processes Of Biotechnology - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    The enzyme that cuts specifically recognition sites in DNA is known as:

    • DNA ligase

    • DNA polymerase

    • Reverse transcriptase

    • Restriction endonuclease

    Correct Answer
    A. Restriction endonuclease
    Explanation
    Restriction endonuclease is the correct answer because it is an enzyme that cuts DNA at specific recognition sites. This enzyme is commonly used in molecular biology research to manipulate and study DNA. DNA ligase is responsible for joining DNA fragments together, DNA polymerase is involved in DNA replication, and reverse transcriptase is an enzyme used to generate complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA templates.

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  • 3. 

    When the genotype of an organism is improved by the addition of foreign genes, the process is called:

    • Biotechnology

    • Tissue culture.

    • Genetic engineering

    • Genetic diversity

    Correct Answer
    A. Genetic engineering
    Explanation
    Genetic engineering refers to the process of improving an organism's genotype by introducing foreign genes. This technique allows scientists to manipulate an organism's genetic material to enhance desired traits or introduce new characteristics. Through genetic engineering, genes from one organism can be inserted into another, resulting in the production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). This process has wide-ranging applications in various fields, including agriculture, medicine, and environmental conservation.

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  • 4. 

    Gel electrophoresis is used for:

    • Isolation of DNA molecule

    • Cutting DNA into fragments

    • Separation of DNA fragments according to their size

    • Construction of recombination DNA by joining with closing vectors

    Correct Answer
    A. Separation of DNA fragments according to their size
    Explanation
    Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size. It involves placing the DNA sample on a gel matrix and applying an electric field. Since DNA is negatively charged, it moves towards the positive electrode. Smaller fragments move faster and travel further through the gel, while larger fragments move slower and stay closer to the starting point. This separation allows scientists to analyze and study the different sizes of DNA fragments, which can provide valuable information about genetic variations or mutations.

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  • 5. 

    One bacterium which has found extensive use in genetic engineering work in plants is:

    • Xanthomonas citri

    • Bacillus coagulens

    • Clostridium septium

    • Agrobacterium tumefaciens

    Correct Answer
    A. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
    Explanation
    Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a bacterium that is commonly used in genetic engineering work in plants. It has the ability to transfer a piece of its own DNA, known as T-DNA, into the genome of a plant cell. This characteristic makes it a valuable tool for introducing new genes into plants. By manipulating the T-DNA, scientists can insert desired genes into the plant's genome, allowing for the production of genetically modified plants with specific traits or characteristics. This bacterium has been extensively studied and utilized in plant biotechnology due to its natural ability to transfer DNA to plants.

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  • 6. 

    The chemical knives of DNAs are __________

    • Ligases

    • Polymerases

    • Endonucleases

    • Transcriptases

    Correct Answer
    A. Endonucleases
    Explanation
    Endonucleases are enzymes that cleave DNA molecules at specific sites within the DNA sequence. They act like "chemical knives" by cutting the DNA at specific points, allowing for the manipulation and modification of DNA molecules. Ligases, polymerases, and transcriptases are also enzymes involved in DNA processes, but they do not specifically function as "chemical knives" like endonucleases do.

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  • 7. 

    Polymerase chain reaction is most useful in:

    • DNA synthesis

    • DNA amplification

    • Protein synthesis

    • Amino acid synthesis

    Correct Answer
    A. DNA amplification
    Explanation
    Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a laboratory technique used to amplify a specific DNA sequence. It is a powerful tool in molecular biology and is commonly used for various applications such as DNA cloning, genetic testing, and forensic analysis. PCR allows for the rapid and efficient amplification of a small amount of DNA into a larger amount, making it highly useful in DNA amplification. It does not play a direct role in protein synthesis or amino acid synthesis.

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  • 8. 

    The enzyme used in polymerase chain reaction is:

    • Taq polymerase

    • RNA polymerase

    • Ribonuclease

    • Endonuclease

    Correct Answer
    A. Taq polymerase
    Explanation
    Taq polymerase is the correct answer because it is the enzyme commonly used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR is a technique used to amplify DNA, and Taq polymerase is a heat-stable DNA polymerase derived from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus. It is able to withstand the high temperatures required for denaturation and annealing of DNA during the PCR process. Taq polymerase is widely used in molecular biology research and diagnostics due to its stability and ability to efficiently amplify DNA.

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  • 9. 

    The linking of antibiotic gene with the plasmid vector became possible with:

    • Exonuclease

    • DNA ligase

    • Endonucleases

    • DNA polymerase

    Correct Answer
    A. DNA ligase
    Explanation
    DNA ligase is an enzyme that is responsible for joining the ends of DNA fragments together. In the context of the question, the linking of an antibiotic gene with a plasmid vector requires the joining of the two DNA fragments. DNA ligase facilitates this process by catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds between the fragments. Exonuclease, endonucleases, and DNA polymerase are not directly involved in the joining of DNA fragments and therefore cannot be the correct answer.

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  • 10. 

    Identify the plasmid from the following:

    • Eco RI

    • PBR 322

    • AIUI

    • Hind II

    Correct Answer
    A. PBR 322
    Explanation
    pBR 322 is the correct answer because it is the only option that is a plasmid. Eco RI, AIUI, and Hind II are all restriction enzymes, not plasmids. Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that exist separately from the chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. pBR 322 is a commonly used plasmid in molecular biology research, making it the correct choice among the given options.

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  • 11. 

    Eco RI cleaves DNA at:

    • AAGGTT

    • GTATATC

    • GAATTC

    • TATAGC

    Correct Answer
    A. GAATTC
    Explanation
    Eco RI is a restriction enzyme that recognizes and cleaves DNA at specific sequences. The given sequence "GAATTC" is the recognition sequence for Eco RI. When Eco RI encounters this sequence, it cuts the DNA at the specific site, resulting in two fragments. Therefore, GAATTC is the correct answer.

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  • 12. 

    Recombinant DNA technology can be used to produce large quantities of biologically active form of which one of the following products in E. coli?

    • Luteining hormone

    • Ecdysone

    • Rifamycin

    • Interferon

    Correct Answer
    A. Interferon
    Explanation
    Recombinant DNA technology can be used to produce large quantities of biologically active form of Interferon in E. coli. Interferon is a protein that is naturally produced by the immune system in response to viral infections. By using recombinant DNA technology, the gene encoding for Interferon can be inserted into E. coli bacteria, which can then be grown in large quantities in a laboratory setting. This allows for the production of large amounts of Interferon, which can be used for various medical purposes, such as treating viral infections and certain types of cancer.

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  • 13. 

    Which one do you like?

    • Wilmut

    • A. Jeffreys

    • Kary Mullis

    • Eithoven

    Correct Answer
    A. Kary Mullis
    Explanation
    Kary Mullis is the correct answer because he was a biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993 for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. PCR is a technique used to amplify a specific DNA sequence, and it revolutionized the field of molecular biology and genetic research. Wilmut, Jeffreys, and Eithoven are not associated with the development of PCR or significant contributions to molecular biology.

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  • 14. 

    Restriction endonucleases are most widely used in recombinant DNA technology. They are obtained from:

    • Bacteriophage

    • Bacterial cell

    • Plasmids

    • All prokaryotic cells

    Correct Answer
    A. Bacterial cell
    Explanation
    Restriction endonucleases are enzymes that cut DNA at specific recognition sequences. They are commonly used in recombinant DNA technology to create recombinant DNA molecules. These enzymes are obtained from bacterial cells, specifically from bacteria that have a defense mechanism against bacteriophages. Bacterial cells produce restriction endonucleases to protect themselves from viral DNA. Therefore, the correct answer is bacterial cell.

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  • 15. 

    Genetic engineering is possible because:

    • Phenomenon of transduction in bacteria is understood

    • We can see DNA by electron microscope

    • We can cut DNA at specific sites by endonuclease like DNAase I

    • Restriction endonucleases purified from bacteria can be used in vitro

    Correct Answer
    A. Restriction endonucleases purified from bacteria can be used in vitro
    Explanation
    Restriction endonucleases are enzymes that can cut DNA at specific sites. These enzymes can be purified from bacteria and used in vitro, meaning outside of a living organism. This ability to cut DNA at specific sites allows scientists to manipulate and modify DNA sequences, which is the basis of genetic engineering. Therefore, the fact that restriction endonucleases can be purified from bacteria and used in vitro is a key reason why genetic engineering is possible.

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  • Jan 13, 2025
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Feb 27, 2014
    Quiz Created by
    Tanmay Shankar
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