What Do You Know About Pulmonology? Trivia Quiz

Buckwalter’s Lecture, Basic Skills in Interpreting Lab Data Ch. 10 via Alex's obj

Histoplasmosis is from soil contaminated by bird or bat droppings.

Obstructive lung disorders refer to conditions that cause difficulty in exhaling air out of the lungs, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These disorders result in narrowed airways, making it harder for air to flow out during exhalation. On the other hand, restrictive lung disorders involve problems with inhaling air into the lungs, such as lung fibrosis or scoliosis. These conditions restrict the expansion of the lungs, making it difficult to take in an adequate amount of air during inhalation.

The patient's symptoms of dyspnea and significant lymphadenopathy, along with the presence of noncaseating granulomas in the lung biopsy, suggest a diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease that can affect multiple organs, commonly the lungs and lymph nodes. The characteristic noncaseating granulomas are a hallmark of sarcoidosis. Other granulomatous disorders have been ruled out, making sarcoidosis the most likely diagnosis in this case.

ALS and ankylosing spondylitis are restrictive lung disorders, not obstructive.

Pulmonary causes of pulsus paradoxus include: COPD, asthma, tension pneumothorax, PE

Stridor is a high-pitched, harsh sound that occurs during breathing when there is a blockage or narrowing of the airway. It is usually heard best on inspiration because during this phase, the air is being drawn into the lungs through the narrowed or obstructed airway, causing the sound to be more audible. On the other hand, during expiration, the air is being expelled from the lungs, and the sound of stridor may be less prominent or even absent.

The presence of "eggshell" calcification on a radiograph is a characteristic finding in silicosis. Silicosis is a lung disease caused by long-term exposure to silica dust, commonly found in industries such as mining, construction, and sandblasting. The term "eggshell" calcification refers to the thin, calcified nodules that form on the surface of the lungs in advanced stages of silicosis. This finding is distinct and highly suggestive of the disease, as it is not commonly seen in other lung conditions.

Current, CDC

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is a genetic disorder that causes COPD/emphysema, i.e. obstructive lung disorders, not restrictive.

Bridget/Lippincott

Current 2014 p. 256

This answer includes the elements of the CURB-65 scoring system for community-acquired pneumonia. BUN greater than or equal to 19 is included because an elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level indicates impaired kidney function, which can be a sign of more severe illness. Age 65+ is included because older age is a risk factor for complications and mortality in pneumonia. Respirations greater than or equal to 30 is included because rapid breathing can indicate respiratory distress. SBP less than 90 or DBP less than 60 is included because low blood pressure can indicate poor perfusion and organ dysfunction. Confusion is included because it can be a sign of severe illness and altered mental status.

From Current and CDC

Current 2014 p. 250

V/Q: Current 2014 p 289
Pulse oximetry, polysomnography, d-dimer, bronchoscopy Current 2014 Ch. 9
The rest Kate R. from:
1. CURRENT Chapter 9: Pulmonary Disorders
2. Harrison’s Chapter 262. Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary
Thromboembolism

http://www.lung.org/assets/documents/publications/lung-disease-data/solddc_2010.pdf

Caucasians are more likely than any other ethnic group to develop and die from COPD.