Chemistry Of Life Warm Up 2

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed or changed during the reaction. It works by providing an alternative pathway with a lower activation energy for the reaction to occur. This allows the reaction to proceed more quickly, but the catalyst remains unchanged at the end of the reaction. It can be reused in multiple reactions, making it an efficient tool in various industrial processes.

Thermal energy refers to the energy that is related to the temperature of a substance. When a substance changes states, such as from solid to liquid or from liquid to gas, energy needs to be added in the form of heat to cause this change. This added thermal energy increases the temperature of the substance, causing the particles to gain enough energy to overcome the forces holding them together in their current state. Therefore, thermal energy is required to cause a substance to change states.

Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction. It acts as a barrier that needs to be overcome for the reaction to proceed. This energy is needed to break the existing bonds in the reactant molecules and initiate the formation of new bonds in the product molecules. Without sufficient activation energy, the reaction will not occur, even if the reactants are present. Therefore, activation energy plays a crucial role in determining the rate at which a chemical reaction takes place.

When a bottle of water is taken out of the refrigerator and placed on a table, the temperature of the surrounding air is typically warmer than the temperature inside the refrigerator. As a result, the air around the bottle is unable to hold as much moisture as the colder air inside the bottle. This temperature difference causes the water vapor inside the bottle to condense into liquid water droplets on the surface of the bottle, leading to the formation of droplets. Therefore, the phase change that has occurred in this scenario is condensation.

A liquid maintains a fixed volume, but has the ability to take the shape of its container. Unlike solids, which have a fixed shape and volume, and gases, which can expand to fill the entire volume of their container, liquids have the ability to flow and adapt to the shape of their container while still maintaining a constant volume. This is due to the relatively weak forces of attraction between liquid particles, allowing them to move and slide past each other.

At a temperature of 150°C, water is in the gas phase. This is because water boils and turns into steam at 100°C, and at 150°C, it is well above its boiling point. In the gas phase, water molecules have enough energy to overcome the intermolecular forces and move freely, resulting in a gaseous state. Therefore, the correct answer is gas.

A solid maintains a fixed volume and shape because its particles are closely packed together and have strong intermolecular forces that prevent them from moving freely. This results in a rigid structure, giving solids a definite shape. The fixed volume is maintained because the particles are tightly packed and cannot be compressed easily.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are odourless, colourless gases at room temperature. Oxygen is a gas that is essential for respiration and is present in the air we breathe. It is odorless and colorless. Carbon dioxide is also a gas that is produced by the human body during respiration and is released into the atmosphere. It is also odorless and colorless.

Gas particles have little or no attraction to each other, which means they are not held together in a fixed arrangement. This allows them to move freely and spread out to occupy the entire volume of the container they are in. As a result, gases are highly compressible and can expand to fill any available space. Therefore, the statement is true.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are odourless, colourless gases at room temperature. Oxygen is a vital component of air and is necessary for respiration, while carbon dioxide is a byproduct of respiration and is also present in the atmosphere. Both gases are essential for the survival of living organisms and are commonly found in the Earth's atmosphere.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are odourless, colourless gases at room temperature. Oxygen is a diatomic molecule, consisting of two oxygen atoms, and is essential for respiration. Carbon dioxide is a compound composed of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms and is a byproduct of respiration and combustion. Both gases are commonly found in the Earth's atmosphere and are important for various biological and environmental processes.

The phase change that has taken place is freezing. This is because the molten lava, which is in a liquid state, has cooled down and solidified into a shiny gray rock. Freezing is the process in which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid state when its temperature decreases.

The statement is true because according to the kinetic theory of matter, all particles are in constant motion. This motion can be in the form of vibrations, rotations, or translations. Even though we cannot see this motion with our naked eye, it is happening at the microscopic level. The constant motion of particles is what gives matter its physical properties, such as temperature and pressure.

The correct answer is that Image 1 is liquid, Image 2 is solid, and Image 3 is gas. This is because in Image 1, the particles are close together but still able to move freely, indicating a liquid state. In Image 2, the particles are tightly packed and unable to move, suggesting a solid state. In Image 3, the particles are far apart and moving rapidly, indicating a gas state.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are odorless, colorless gases at room temperature. Water is a liquid at room temperature, not a gas. Sulfur is a yellow solid at room temperature, not a gas. Carbon is a solid and fluorine is a yellowish gas at room temperature, not odorless and colorless gases. Therefore, the correct answer is oxygen and carbon dioxide.

The energy your body needs is provided by fats, sugars, and proteins found in foods. Fats are a concentrated source of energy, providing more than twice the amount of energy per gram compared to carbohydrates and proteins. Sugars, specifically simple sugars like glucose, are quickly broken down and converted into energy. Proteins, made up of amino acids, can also be broken down and used as an energy source when needed. Acids, salts, and nucleic acids do not directly provide energy to the body.

When butane is burned in air, it undergoes a chemical reaction called combustion. In this reaction, butane combines with oxygen from the air to produce water and carbon dioxide. Therefore, water and carbon dioxide are the products of the combustion reaction.

When butane is burned in air, it undergoes a combustion reaction. In this reaction, butane combines with oxygen from the air to produce water and carbon dioxide. Therefore, water and carbon dioxide are the products of the reaction, not the reactants or the reaction itself.

When butane is burned in air, it undergoes a combustion reaction. In this reaction, butane combines with oxygen from the air to produce water and carbon dioxide. Therefore, water and carbon dioxide are the products of the combustion reaction.

When butane is burned in air, it undergoes a chemical reaction known as combustion. In this reaction, the butane reacts with oxygen from the air to produce water and carbon dioxide as the products. Therefore, the statement "Water and carbon dioxide are the PRODUCTS" is true.

Metabolism is not just a term used to describe a few chemical reactions, but rather it encompasses all the chemical processes that occur in an organism, including the conversion of food into energy, the synthesis of molecules, and the breakdown of waste products. Therefore, the statement that metabolism only describes a few chemical reactions is false.

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up metabolic reactions in living organisms. They are typically composed of proteins, which provide the structural and functional components necessary for enzymatic activity. However, some enzymes can also be composed of RNA, known as ribozymes. These RNA molecules can catalyze specific reactions, demonstrating that enzymes can be either proteins or RNA molecules. Therefore, the correct answers for this question are protein and RNA.

When you consume a meal, your body undergoes the process of digestion and metabolism. During this process, the chemical energy present in the food is converted into different forms of energy. Heat energy is produced as a result of chemical reactions occurring in the body. Mechanical energy is generated through muscle contractions and movements. Potential energy is stored in various forms, such as in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecules, which can be used for cellular processes.

When a reactant loses one or more electrons, it becomes more positive in charge. This process is known as oxidation. In an oxidation reaction, the reactant undergoes a chemical transformation by losing electrons, resulting in an increase in its positive charge. This reaction is commonly observed in many chemical reactions and is an essential part of various biological processes as well.

When a reactant gains one or more electrons, it becomes more negative in charge. This process is known as reduction reaction. In a reduction reaction, the reactant is reduced because it gains electrons, which leads to a decrease in its positive charge.

The chemical reaction mentioned in the question is the combination of water (HOH) with a certain compound. Among the options provided, the only compound that, when combined with water, forms carbonic acid is "Carbonic Acid" itself. Therefore, the correct answer is "Carbonic Acid."