1W0510 CDC Practice Test B Set All Books

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  • 1/355 Questions

    On what climatic classification system did Trewartha base his own classification system?

    • Köppen.
    • Hagen
    • Strauss
    • Bidens
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Climatology Quizzes & Trivia
About This Quiz

This CDC practice test covers essential climatology concepts for Air Force personnel, focusing on elements like temperature, evaporation, precipitation, and wind. It assesses understanding of climatic influences and weather phenomena crucial for military operations.

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  • 2. 

    Which North Atlantic current is similar to the Kuroshio current in its flow and climatological influence?

    • Canary Current.

    • Florida Current.

    • Irminger Current.

    • Antilles Current.

    Correct Answer
    A. Florida Current.
    Explanation
    The Florida Current is the correct answer because it shares similarities with the Kuroshio current in terms of flow and climatological influence. Both currents are warm ocean currents that flow northward along the eastern coasts of their respective continents. They both have significant impacts on the climate of the regions they flow through, influencing weather patterns and supporting diverse marine ecosystems. The other options, Canary Current, Irminger Current, and Antilles Current, do not exhibit the same flow direction or climatological influence as the Kuroshio current.

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  • 3. 

    This analytical process involves analyzing at the largest scale first, then focusing downward to the smallest scale?

    • Forecast funnel.

    • Synoptic analysis.

    • Mesoscale analysis.

    • Macroscale analysis.

    Correct Answer
    A. Forecast funnel.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Macroscale analysis." Macroscale analysis involves analyzing data and patterns at the largest scale first, such as global or regional trends, and then gradually narrowing down the focus to smaller scales, such as local or individual patterns. This approach allows for a comprehensive understanding of the overall picture before delving into specific details.

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  • 4. 

    What is a forecast review?

    • A presentation developed to disseminate weather information to unit personnel.

    • An in-depth reanalysis whereas considerable effort is used to collect and present the data.

    • A before-the-fact review of observations, analyses, and forecast aids available to the forecaster.

    • An after-the-fact review of the observations, analyses, and forecast aids that were available to the forecaster.

    Correct Answer
    A. An after-the-fact review of the observations, analyses, and forecast aids that were available to the forecaster.
    Explanation
    A forecast review is an after-the-fact review of the observations, analyses, and forecast aids that were available to the forecaster. This means that it is a retrospective evaluation of the accuracy and effectiveness of the forecast, taking into account the information and tools that were accessible at the time. It allows for an assessment of the forecaster's performance and can provide insights for future improvements in forecasting techniques.

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  • 5. 

    What is the purpose of a forecast review?

    • Improve forecasting

    • Punish forecasters for issuing bad forecasts.

    • Ensure bad forecasts are documented for inspection purposes.

    • Improve forecasting and punish forecasters for issuing poor forecasts.

    Correct Answer
    A. Improve forecasting
    Explanation
    The purpose of a forecast review is to improve forecasting. This process involves evaluating past forecasts and analyzing their accuracy and effectiveness. By reviewing and analyzing previous forecasts, organizations can identify areas for improvement, such as refining forecasting techniques, adjusting models, or gathering more accurate data. The goal is to enhance the accuracy and reliability of future forecasts, enabling better decision-making and planning.

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  • 6. 

    A review accomplished for failing to follow forecast procedures should include

    • A formal apology to the operations superintendent and unit commander

    • The reason you didn’t follow forecast procedures and why your methods were superior.

    • Only the forecast procedures you failed to follow that resulted in a poor forecast evaluation.

    • The forecast procedures that were improperly followed, the consequences of those actions, and the procedures that you should have followed.

    Correct Answer
    A. The forecast procedures that were improperly followed, the consequences of those actions, and the procedures that you should have followed.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is the forecast procedures that were improperly followed, the consequences of those actions, and the procedures that you should have followed. This answer provides a comprehensive review of the situation by addressing the specific forecast procedures that were not followed, explaining the consequences of those actions, and offering guidance on the correct procedures that should have been followed. It covers all the necessary elements for a thorough review and analysis of the situation.

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  • 7. 

    What is the first step in developing a forecast review or study?

    • Compile pertinent data.

    • Construct an event scenario.

    • Conduct independent verification of data.

    • Present the results in a logical sequence leading to conclusions and lessons learned.

    Correct Answer
    A. Compile pertinent data.
    Explanation
    The first step in developing a forecast review or study is to compile pertinent data. This involves gathering all relevant information and data related to the forecast or study being conducted. By compiling this data, researchers can have a comprehensive understanding of the factors that may influence the forecast or study outcomes. This step is crucial as it forms the foundation for the subsequent analysis and evaluation of the forecast or study.

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  • 8. 

    A chronological list of weather events and their potential causes would best define what?

    • Storyboard.

    • Event scenario.

    • Event description.

    • Observation fact sheet.

    Correct Answer
    A. Event scenario.
    Explanation
    A chronological list of weather events and their potential causes would best define an event scenario. This term refers to a sequence of events that occur in a particular order, along with their possible causes. It helps in understanding the progression of weather phenomena and analyzing the factors that contribute to them. A storyboard typically involves visual representations, an event description would focus more on detailing the events, and an observation fact sheet would provide factual information without emphasizing the cause-effect relationship.

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  • 9. 

    What is the best way to get over being uncomfortable speaking in front of people?

    • Planning.

    • Rehearsing.

    • Vocalization.

    • Silent reading.

    Correct Answer
    A. Rehearsing.
    Explanation
    Rehearsing is the best way to get over being uncomfortable speaking in front of people because it allows individuals to practice and become familiar with their material, reducing anxiety and increasing confidence. Through rehearsing, one can work on their delivery, timing, and body language, which are essential for effective public speaking. It also helps in memorizing the content and being prepared for any unexpected situations that may arise during the presentation. Rehearsing enables individuals to gain control over their nerves and develop a sense of comfort and ease while speaking in front of an audience.

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  • 10. 

    What are the three states of matter?

    • Solid, Liquid, Gaseous

    • Liquid, Freezing, Frozen

    • Land, Air, Sea

    • Molten, Moist, Mechanical

    Correct Answer
    A. Solid, Liquid, Gaseous
    Explanation
    The three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gaseous. These states describe the physical properties and behavior of substances based on the arrangement and movement of their particles. In the solid state, particles are tightly packed and have a fixed shape and volume. In the liquid state, particles are close together but can move freely, taking the shape of their container. In the gaseous state, particles are spread out and move rapidly, filling the entire space available to them.

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  • 11. 

    Which general tool for forecasting winds can provide information on surface frictional effects?

    • Extrapolation

    • Radar

    • Topography

    • Geometry

    Correct Answer
    A. Topography
    Explanation
    Topography refers to the physical features of the Earth's surface, such as mountains, valleys, and bodies of water. These features can significantly influence the flow of wind by causing changes in elevation, creating barriers or channels for wind movement, and affecting wind speed and direction. Therefore, studying topography can provide valuable information on how surface frictional effects can impact wind patterns and forecasting.

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  • 12. 

    In forecasting frontal winds, the deepening or filling of a frontal trough:  

    • Increases the winds.

    • Decreases the winds.

    • Does not have any effect on the winds.

    • Increases or decreases the winds.

    Correct Answer
    A. Increases or decreases the winds.
    Explanation
    The deepening or filling of a frontal trough can affect the winds in different ways. When a frontal trough deepens, it means that the pressure difference between the warm and cold air masses is increasing, which can result in stronger winds. On the other hand, when a frontal trough fills, it means that the pressure difference is decreasing, which can lead to weaker winds. Therefore, the deepening or filling of a frontal trough can both increase or decrease the winds, depending on the specific conditions.

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  • 13. 

    What are the two AFWA produced graphic products that forecast icing?

    • High and low-level hazard charts

    • High level hazard charts only

    • Low level hazard charts only

    • Mid level hazard charts

    Correct Answer
    A. High and low-level hazard charts
    Explanation
    High and low-level hazard charts are the two AFWA produced graphic products that forecast icing. These charts provide information about the potential hazards of icing at both high and low levels in the atmosphere. By analyzing these charts, forecasters can identify areas where icing conditions are likely to occur, allowing for better preparation and safety measures to be taken. The inclusion of both high and low-level hazard charts ensures a comprehensive understanding of the potential icing hazards in a given area.

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  • 14. 

    The most dangerous features of mountain wave clouds are the turbulence in the cap and:

    • Mother-of-pearl cloud.

    • Lenticular cloud.

    • Nacreous cloud.

    • Rotor cloud.

    Correct Answer
    A. Rotor cloud.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is rotor cloud. Rotor clouds are formed in the lee of mountains and are associated with strong turbulence. They are often found in the lower part of mountain wave clouds and can pose a significant danger to aircraft. Rotor clouds are characterized by a turbulent, swirling motion and can cause severe turbulence and wind shear, making them one of the most dangerous features of mountain wave clouds.

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  • 15. 

    Which type of aircraft icing occurs in cumuliform clouds and is hard, glossy, and heavy?

    • Layered.

    • Mixed.

    • Clear.

    • Rime.

    Correct Answer
    A. Clear.
    Explanation
    Clear icing occurs in cumuliform clouds and is characterized by being hard, glossy, and heavy. This type of icing forms when supercooled water droplets freeze instantly upon contact with the aircraft surface, creating a clear and smooth ice layer. This type of icing can be particularly dangerous as it can quickly accumulate and affect the aircraft's performance and aerodynamics.

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  • 16. 

    How does in-flight icing on an airplane effect drag and the ability to lift when considering airfoil, respectively?

    • Increases; decreases.

    • Decreases; decreases.

    • Decreases; increases.

    • Increases; increases.

    Correct Answer
    A. Increases; decreases.
    Explanation
    In-flight icing on an airplane causes an increase in drag and a decrease in the ability to lift. When ice forms on the airfoil, it disrupts the smooth flow of air over the surface, leading to an increase in drag. This increased drag requires the airplane to exert more power to maintain its speed and altitude. Additionally, the ice accumulation changes the shape of the airfoil, reducing its ability to generate lift efficiently. This decreases the overall lift produced by the airplane, making it more difficult to maintain altitude or climb.

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  • 17. 

    What icing intensity corresponds to freezing drizzle?

    • Light.

    • Moderate.

    • Severe.

    • Extreme.

    Correct Answer
    A. Moderate.
    Explanation
    Freezing drizzle refers to liquid drizzle that freezes upon contact with the ground or exposed objects, creating a thin layer of ice. Moderate icing intensity is associated with freezing drizzle, indicating that the ice accumulation can be significant enough to cause hazardous conditions for transportation and outdoor activities. Light icing intensity would not produce enough ice to be considered freezing drizzle, while severe and extreme icing intensities are typically associated with more intense forms of precipitation such as freezing rain or sleet.

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  • 18. 

    What non-severe thunderstorm stage is the most violent?

    • Dissipating

    • Genesis

    • Mature

    • Cumuliform

    Correct Answer
    A. Mature
    Explanation
    The mature stage of a thunderstorm is the most violent. During this stage, the storm is fully developed and reaches its peak intensity. It is characterized by strong updrafts and downdrafts, heavy rain, lightning, and the potential for severe weather such as hail, strong winds, and tornadoes. The mature stage is when the storm is most likely to cause damage and pose a threat to life and property.

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  • 19. 

    What time of day has the greatest frequency of tornado occurrences?

    • Between 1000 and 1100 hours local time.

    • Between 1200 and 1100 hours local time.

    • Between 1200 and 2100 hours local time.

    • Between 0100 and 2400 hours local time.

    Correct Answer
    A. Between 1200 and 2100 hours local time.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is between 1200 and 2100 hours local time because this time period covers the afternoon and evening hours when the atmosphere is typically most unstable and conducive to tornado formation. During this time, the sun's heating is at its peak, leading to greater temperature contrasts and the development of thunderstorms, which can produce tornadoes. Additionally, the answer excludes the early morning hours when atmospheric conditions are usually less favorable for tornado occurrence.

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  • 20. 

    What METSAT function allows systems to be put in motion?

    • Animated Looping

    • Circular Motion

    • Anthresis

    • Satellite Visibility Function

    Correct Answer
    A. Animated Looping
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Animated Looping. Animated Looping is a METSAT function that allows systems to be put in motion. This function enables the display of a series of satellite images in a continuous loop, creating the illusion of movement. By using Animated Looping, users can observe the changes in weather patterns, track storms, and monitor other dynamic atmospheric phenomena. This feature is particularly useful for meteorologists and weather forecasters to analyze and predict weather conditions.

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  • 21. 

    Which is a factor that affects the amount of brightness measured by visible meteorological satellite (METSAT) imagery?

    • Types of radiative transfer taking place.

    • Type of passive remote sensing device on the satellite.

    • Angle of the sun.

    • Type of multispectral color-composite imagery involved.

    Correct Answer
    A. Angle of the sun.
    Explanation
    The angle of the sun affects the amount of brightness measured by visible meteorological satellite (METSAT) imagery. The angle at which the sun's rays hit the Earth's surface determines the amount of light reflected back to the satellite. A higher sun angle results in more direct and intense sunlight, leading to brighter imagery. Conversely, a lower sun angle means that the sunlight has to pass through a greater distance of the Earth's atmosphere, resulting in scattering and absorption of light, leading to dimmer imagery.

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  • 22. 

    Which far infrared (FIR) enhancement curve is a good all-purpose curve we most commonly use for identifying convective activity?

    • MB curve.

    • JG curve.

    • CC curve.

    • ZA curve.

    Correct Answer
    A. MB curve.
    Explanation
    The MB curve is a good all-purpose curve commonly used for identifying convective activity in far infrared (FIR) enhancement. This suggests that the MB curve is effective in capturing the characteristics and patterns of convective activity in FIR.

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  • 23. 

    Name the conveyor belts associated with a comma cloud.

    • The windward conveyor belt (WCB), calm conveyor belt (CCB), and dry-air conveyor belt (DACB).

    • The warm conveyor belt (WCB), cold conveyor belt (CCB), and dry-air conveyor belt (DACB).

    • The west conveyor belt (WCB), cooler conveyor belt (CCB), and dry-air conveyor belt (DACB).

    • The wet conveyor belt (WCB), climate conveyor belt (CCB), and day conveyor belt (DACB).

    Correct Answer
    A. The warm conveyor belt (WCB), cold conveyor belt (CCB), and dry-air conveyor belt (DACB).
    Explanation
    The correct answer is The warm conveyor belt (WCB), cold conveyor belt (CCB), and dry-air conveyor belt (DACB). These are the conveyor belts associated with a comma cloud. The warm conveyor belt (WCB) is responsible for transporting warm and moist air from the lower levels of the atmosphere into the comma cloud. The cold conveyor belt (CCB) brings cold air from the upper levels of the atmosphere into the comma cloud. The dry-air conveyor belt (DACB) is responsible for transporting dry air into the comma cloud, which can contribute to the formation and maintenance of the cloud structure.

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  • 24. 

    What is obtained by dividing each wind observation into components, making a summation for a given period, and then obtaining averages and converting components into a single vector?

    • Summation winds

    • Vectorial average.

    • Wind gust potential

    • Wind size

    Correct Answer
    A. Vectorial average.
    Explanation
    The process described in the question involves dividing each wind observation into components, summing them for a given period, and then obtaining averages. Finally, the components are converted into a single vector. This process is known as finding the vectorial average.

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  • 25. 

    Where does upwelling normally occur in the Northern Hemisphere?

    • The west coast

    • The east coast

    • The gulf coast

    • Rivers and lakes

    Correct Answer
    A. The west coast
    Explanation
    Upwelling normally occurs on the west coast of the Northern Hemisphere. This is because of the prevailing wind patterns and the rotation of the Earth. The winds blow parallel to the coastline, pushing the surface waters away from the coast. This creates a gap that allows the cold, nutrient-rich waters from the deep ocean to rise up and replace the surface waters. This upwelling of cold water brings nutrients to the surface, supporting the growth of phytoplankton and creating a productive marine ecosystem.

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  • 26. 

    What is the effect of the North Atlantic Current on the climate of northwestern Europe?

    • Causes the climate to be much colder than ordinarily expected

    • Causes the climate to be much milder than ordinarily expected

    • Causes the climate to be much hotter than ordinarily expected

    • Does nto affect the climate there

    Correct Answer
    A. Causes the climate to be much milder than ordinarily expected
    Explanation
    The North Atlantic Current has a significant impact on the climate of northwestern Europe by causing it to be much milder than expected. This is because the current brings warm water from the Gulf Stream to the region, which helps to moderate the temperatures. Without this current, the climate in northwestern Europe would be much colder. The North Atlantic Current also contributes to the high precipitation levels in the area, as it brings moisture from the tropics. Overall, the North Atlantic Current plays a crucial role in creating the relatively mild and wet climate of northwestern Europe.

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  • 27. 

    What are the two types of frequency distributions?

    • Standard and mean.

    • Primary and secondary.

    • Random and probability.

    • Continuous and discrete.

    Correct Answer
    A. Continuous and discrete.
    Explanation
    The two types of frequency distributions are continuous and discrete. Continuous frequency distributions are used when the data can take on any value within a certain range, such as measurements on a scale. Discrete frequency distributions are used when the data can only take on specific values, such as counting the number of occurrences of something. These two types of frequency distributions are used to organize and analyze data in different ways depending on the nature of the data being studied.

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  • 28. 

    In the fall, upwelling along the California coast gives way to a countercurrent that flows northward along the coast to about 48° latitude. What is the name of that countercurrent?

    • Aleutian Current.

    • Davidson Current.

    • California Current.

    • California Countercurrent.

    Correct Answer
    A. Davidson Current.
    Explanation
    The Davidson Current is the correct answer because it is the countercurrent that flows northward along the California coast to about 48° latitude. The Aleutian Current is a different current that flows along the Aleutian Islands, while the California Current is the main current that flows southward along the California coast. The California Countercurrent is not a recognized current in this context.

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  • 29. 

    What temperature is used as a constant in the equation for computing cooling degree-days?

    • 60

    • 65

    • 68

    • 70

    Correct Answer
    A. 65
    Explanation
    The temperature used as a constant in the equation for computing cooling degree-days is 65. Cooling degree-days are a measure of how much cooling is needed to maintain a comfortable indoor temperature during the summer months. By using 65 as a constant, it is assumed that any temperature above 65 degrees Fahrenheit requires cooling to maintain comfort.

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  • 30. 

    A synoptic or mesoscale weather pattern that affects the weather at a particular location defines

    • A weather regime.

    • A standard synoptic regime.

    • A regional climatic system.

    • An oscillating weather pattern.

    Correct Answer
    A. A weather regime.
    Explanation
    A synoptic or mesoscale weather pattern refers to a large-scale weather system that influences the weather conditions at a specific location. This pattern can persist for several days or even weeks, leading to a consistent weather regime. Therefore, the correct answer is "a weather regime", as it accurately describes the impact of such weather patterns on a particular location.

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  • 31. 

    Suggested times spent on interrogating different atmospheric scales are

    • 10 percent macroscale, 30 percent synoptic, and 60 percent mesoscale and local.

    • 30 percent macroscale, 10 percent synoptic, and 60 percent mesoscale and local.

    • 10 percent macroscale, 60 percent synoptic, and 30 percent mesoscale and local.

    • 60 percent macroscale, 30 percent synoptic, and 10 percent mesoscale and local.

    Correct Answer
    A. 10 percent macroscale, 30 percent synoptic, and 60 percent mesoscale and local.
    Explanation
    The suggested times spent on interrogating different atmospheric scales are 10 percent macroscale, 30 percent synoptic, and 60 percent mesoscale and local. This distribution implies that a smaller amount of time is dedicated to analyzing the larger-scale patterns and processes (macroscale) and a larger amount of time is dedicated to analyzing the smaller-scale patterns and processes (mesoscale and local). The synoptic scale falls in between, receiving a moderate amount of attention. This distribution likely reflects the importance of understanding the more localized and detailed atmospheric phenomena in order to make accurate weather predictions and forecasts.

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  • 32. 

    The Atlantic Ocean modifies weather along the east coast of Canada by keeping the east coast

    • Cloud-free during the summer.

    • Cloud-free during the winter.

    • Summers cooler and winters warmer than inland regions.

    • Summers warmer and winters cooler than inland regions.

    Correct Answer
    A. Summers cooler and winters warmer than inland regions.
    Explanation
    The Atlantic Ocean modifies weather along the east coast of Canada by keeping the east coast summers cooler and winters warmer than inland regions. The ocean acts as a temperature regulator, absorbing heat during the summer and releasing it during the winter. This moderating effect helps to prevent extreme temperature fluctuations, resulting in cooler summers and milder winters compared to inland areas.

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  • 33. 

    What is a forecast seminar?

    • A written periodical issued monthly to unit personnel that covers new forecasting procedures.

    • A presentation by forecasters in training to discuss unit procedures that are giving them the most difficulty.

    • A presentation developed and performed by weather personnel for the purpose of giving or discussing weather information.

    • An informal discussion given at station meetings in which unit forecasters are free to bring up points of conversation that interests them.

    Correct Answer
    A. A presentation developed and performed by weather personnel for the purpose of giving or discussing weather information.
    Explanation
    A forecast seminar is a presentation developed and performed by weather personnel with the purpose of giving or discussing weather information. This type of seminar is focused on providing updates and insights on weather forecasts, discussing any relevant information or concerns, and facilitating a platform for weather personnel to exchange ideas and discuss their findings. It serves as an important means of communication and collaboration within the weather forecasting community.

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  • 34. 

    When accomplishing a forecast review or study, what type of meteorological model data should you compile?

    • The meteorological model your unit prefers.

    • All the meteorological models available to the forecaster.

    • The meteorological model data that supports your original forecast.

    • Meteorological model data should only be included in forecast studies, not reviews.

    Correct Answer
    A. All the meteorological models available to the forecaster.
    Explanation
    When accomplishing a forecast review or study, it is important to compile all the meteorological models available to the forecaster. This ensures that a comprehensive analysis is conducted, taking into account various model outputs and potential scenarios. By considering multiple models, forecasters can identify common trends and patterns, as well as any discrepancies or uncertainties. This helps in making a more informed and accurate forecast, increasing the reliability of the predictions.

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  • 35. 

    The purpose of reanalyzing the compiled data is to

    • Teach you to do it correct it the first time.

    • Adjust the analysis to meet your findings.

    • Make the charts look neat for the unit commanders review.

    • Correct mistakes and find features that were originally missed.

    Correct Answer
    A. Correct mistakes and find features that were originally missed.
    Explanation
    The purpose of reanalyzing the compiled data is to correct mistakes and find features that were originally missed. This process allows for a thorough review of the data to identify any errors or overlooked information. By reanalyzing the data, one can ensure its accuracy and completeness, ultimately leading to more reliable and insightful findings.

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  • 36. 

    When documenting a forecast review, why is it necessary to include your original reasoning?

    • It is not necessary to include your original reasoning it is irrelevant to your conclusion

    • It can indicate better ways to do the job as well as define any misinterpretations of existing guidance.

    • To clarify your reasoning to the unit commander for further punitive action that may be required.

    • It can indicate better ways to do the job and assist the operations superintendent in determining if retraining is required.

    Correct Answer
    A. It can indicate better ways to do the job as well as define any misinterpretations of existing guidance.
    Explanation
    Including your original reasoning in a forecast review is necessary because it can indicate better ways to do the job and define any misinterpretations of existing guidance. By including your original reasoning, you provide insight into your thought process and decision-making, which can help identify areas for improvement and potential errors in the forecast. This information is valuable for future reference and can assist in making more accurate forecasts in the future.

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  • 37. 

    What is the purpose of a forecast review if the causes of the weather are imperfectly known?

    • Weather is a science and the cause of the event should always be perfectly determined.

    • To help build a database that can be used to improve the knowledge and understanding of the event.

    • To document an attempt to improve the unit’s technical health and preclude any adverse inspection findings.

    • To forward the review to higher headquarters for their assistance in determining the responsible weather phenomena.

    Correct Answer
    A. To help build a database that can be used to improve the knowledge and understanding of the event.
    Explanation
    The purpose of a forecast review is to help build a database that can be used to improve the knowledge and understanding of the event. Even if the causes of the weather are imperfectly known, reviewing forecasts and documenting their accuracy or inaccuracy can provide valuable information for future analysis and improvement. By analyzing the forecasts and comparing them to the actual weather conditions, patterns and trends can be identified, leading to a better understanding of the weather phenomena and potential improvements in forecasting techniques.

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  • 38. 

    What is the most important section of the documented forecast review?

    • Results.

    • Verification.

    • Lessons learned.

    • Synoptic description.

    Correct Answer
    A. Lessons learned.
    Explanation
    The most important section of the documented forecast review is "Lessons learned." This section allows for reflection on the forecast's accuracy and identifies areas for improvement. It provides valuable insights into any mistakes made, the reasons behind them, and how to prevent them in the future. By analyzing lessons learned, forecasters can enhance their forecasting skills and enhance the accuracy and reliability of future forecasts.

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  • 39. 

    What general tool for cloud forecasting is being used when you simply advect clouds from their current location downstream?

    • Estimation

    • Extrapolation

    • Radar

    • Convective Cloud Movement Calculator

    Correct Answer
    A. Extrapolation
    Explanation
    Extrapolation is the general tool for cloud forecasting that is being used when clouds are advected from their current location downstream. Extrapolation involves extending the current trend or pattern into the future, based on past data or observations. In this case, the tool is used to predict the movement of clouds by projecting their current trajectory downstream.

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  • 40. 

    What is the most common type of fog in the Northern Hemisphere?

    • Sea Fog

    • Radiation Fog

    • Mountain Fog

    • Valley Fog

    Correct Answer
    A. Radiation Fog
    Explanation
    Radiation fog is the most common type of fog in the Northern Hemisphere. This type of fog forms during calm, clear nights when the ground cools rapidly by radiating heat into the atmosphere. As the ground cools, the air near the surface also cools, causing the moisture in the air to condense and form fog. Radiation fog is typically shallow and can be found in low-lying areas such as valleys and river basins. It often dissipates as the sun rises and the air warms up.

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  • 41. 

    What is the nocturnal wind that flows into valleys?

    • Mountain Breeze

    • Night Wind

    • Valley Breeze

    • Sea Breeze

    Correct Answer
    A. Mountain Breeze
    Explanation
    A mountain breeze is a type of wind that occurs at night when cool air from higher elevations flows down into valleys. As the air cools at higher altitudes, it becomes denser and sinks, creating a breeze that flows downhill. This phenomenon is commonly observed in mountainous regions where temperature variations between the mountains and valleys are more pronounced. The flow of the mountain breeze helps to cool down the valleys during the night.

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  • 42. 

    What term is used to define the process where the outer edge of the cloud mixes with air outside of the cloud?

    • Moist-air entrainment.

    • Evaporation.

    • Condensation.

    • Dry-air entrainment.

    Correct Answer
    A. Dry-air entrainment.
    Explanation
    Dry-air entrainment is the term used to define the process where the outer edge of the cloud mixes with air outside of the cloud. This occurs when drier air from the surrounding environment is drawn into the cloud, causing the cloud to mix with and incorporate this drier air. This process can affect the overall composition and characteristics of the cloud, including its moisture content and temperature. Moist-air entrainment, on the other hand, refers to the process where moist air from outside the cloud mixes with the cloud's interior. Evaporation and condensation are different processes related to the transformation of water between its gaseous and liquid states.

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  • 43. 

    With a quasistationary front in the southern United States under a broad west or southwest flow aloft and a weak surface low, the snow rain zone becomes

    • Elongated in the direction of the upper-level current with precipitation rates stretching over long periods.

    • Truncated in the direction of the upper-level current with precipitation rates stretching over long periods.

    • Truncated in the direction of the upper-level current with precipitation rates stretching over short periods.

    • Elongated in the direction of the upper-level current with precipitation rates stretching over short periods.

    Correct Answer
    A. Elongated in the direction of the upper-level current with precipitation rates stretching over long periods.
    Explanation
    The given correct answer states that the snow rain zone becomes elongated in the direction of the upper-level current with precipitation rates stretching over long periods. This means that the area of snow and rain extends in the same direction as the upper-level wind flow, and the precipitation lasts for a long time. This is likely due to the broad west or southwest flow aloft and a weak surface low, which create conditions for the elongation of the snow rain zone and the persistence of precipitation over an extended period.

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  • 44. 

    Which visibility restriction is the most localized?

    • Haze.

    • Wind-blown particles.

    • Precipitation.

    • Smoke.

    Correct Answer
    A. Smoke.
    Explanation
    Smoke is the most localized visibility restriction because it tends to stay close to its source and does not disperse easily. Unlike haze, which is a general reduction in visibility over a large area, smoke is typically concentrated in a specific location, making it more localized. Similarly, wind-blown particles and precipitation can affect visibility over a larger area, whereas smoke is usually limited to a smaller radius around the source.

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  • 45. 

    What types of icing can the Military Weather Advisory (MWA) alert you to the possibility of?

    • Light Icing

    • Moderate or severe icing

    • Severe Only

    • Moderate Only

    Correct Answer
    A. Moderate or severe icing
    Explanation
    The Military Weather Advisory (MWA) can alert you to the possibility of moderate or severe icing. This means that the MWA can provide information about weather conditions that may result in icing that ranges from moderate to severe intensity. It is important for individuals in the military to be aware of these icing conditions as they can significantly impact the safety and operations of aircraft.

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  • 46. 

    All turbulence not thermally induced or associated with convective activity is classified as:

    • Clear-air.

    • Mechanical

    • Mountain-wave

    • Severe.

    Correct Answer
    A. Clear-air.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is clear-air. This means that any turbulence that is not caused by thermal factors or associated with convective activity is classified as clear-air turbulence. This type of turbulence typically occurs at high altitudes where there are no visible clouds or weather systems. It can be unpredictable and hazardous for aircraft, making it important for pilots to be aware of its presence and take necessary precautions.

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  • 47. 

    When during a day does maximum instability usually occur?

    • During the coldest part of the day.

    • During the hottest part of the night.

    • During the hottest part of the day.

    • During the coldest part of the night.

    Correct Answer
    A. During the hottest part of the day.
    Explanation
    The correct answer is during the hottest part of the day. This is because as the sun heats the Earth's surface, the air near the surface also heats up and rises. This creates instability in the atmosphere, leading to the formation of clouds, thunderstorms, and other weather phenomena. As the day progresses and the temperature rises, the instability reaches its peak, making the hottest part of the day the time when maximum instability usually occurs.

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  • 48. 

    What are the conditions necessary for the development of tornadoes, severe thunderstorms, and their associated destructive phenomena?

    • Stable atmosphere, large quantities of moisture, weak mid-level winds, surface-based lifting mechanism, and a favorable wet-bulb-zero (WBZ).

    • Unstable atmosphere, small quantities of moisture, weak mid-level winds, surface-based lifting mechanism, and a favorable WBZ.

    • Stable atmosphere, small quantities of moisture, strong mid-level winds, surface-based lifting mechanism, and a favorable WBZ.

    • Unstable atmosphere, large quantities of moisture, strong mid-level winds, surface-based lifting mechanism, and a favorable WBZ.

    Correct Answer
    A. Unstable atmosphere, large quantities of moisture, strong mid-level winds, surface-based lifting mechanism, and a favorable WBZ.
    Explanation
    Tornadoes and severe thunderstorms develop under specific conditions. An unstable atmosphere is necessary, meaning there is a significant difference in temperature and moisture between different layers of the atmosphere. Large quantities of moisture are also needed to provide fuel for the storms. Strong mid-level winds help to create the necessary wind shear, which is the change in wind direction and speed with height. A surface-based lifting mechanism, such as a cold front or a warm front, is required to initiate the storm development. Finally, a favorable wet-bulb-zero (WBZ) refers to the height at which the temperature is at or below freezing, allowing for the formation of hail and other destructive phenomena.

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  • 49. 

    Hail size is dependent on the

    • Size of the precipitation and the amount of moist-air advection.

    • Strength of the updraft core and the length of fall from the freezing level to the surface.

    • Size of the precipitation and the amount of dry-air entrainment.

    • Strength of the downdraft core and the length of fall from the freezing level to the surface.

    Correct Answer
    A. Strength of the updraft core and the length of fall from the freezing level to the surface.
    Explanation
    The size of hail is determined by the strength of the updraft core and the length of fall from the freezing level to the surface. A strong updraft core allows for the formation of larger hailstones, while a longer fall distance allows the hailstones to grow in size before reaching the ground. This means that stronger updrafts and greater fall distances are associated with larger hailstones. The other options, such as the amount of moist-air advection or dry-air entrainment, do not directly impact the size of hail.

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Quiz Review Timeline (Updated): Mar 19, 2023 +

Our quizzes are rigorously reviewed, monitored and continuously updated by our expert board to maintain accuracy, relevance, and timeliness.

  • Current Version
  • Mar 19, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Apr 07, 2014
    Quiz Created by
    JonTheKnight

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