Solutions Assessment Noel Pd 2

When the pressure of a gas over a solvent increases, it creates a greater force pushing the gas molecules into the solvent. This increased pressure allows more gas molecules to dissolve in the solvent, resulting in a higher solubility. Therefore, the statement is true.

The expression "like dissolves like" refers to the principle that substances with similar polarities will dissolve in each other. In this case, the correct answer is "Polar dissolves polar" because polar substances, which have partial positive and negative charges, can dissolve other polar substances due to their similar polarity. This is because the positive and negative charges of the polar molecules are attracted to each other, allowing them to mix and dissolve.

When an ionic compound is dissolved in water, it undergoes a process called dissociation, where the compound breaks down into its constituent ions. This occurs because water molecules surround the ions and pull them apart, due to the attraction between the partial charges of the water molecules and the charged ions. Therefore, the correct answer is that the ionic compound is broken down into ions.

Air is an example of a gas in a gas solution because it is a mixture of different gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and others. These gases are uniformly distributed and do not separate into distinct layers or phases. Air is a common example of a gas solution as it is a mixture of gases that are blended together and can be found in the Earth's atmosphere.

A polar solvent is likely to dissolve polar solutes because polar solvents have a partial positive and partial negative charge, which allows them to interact with and dissolve other polar molecules. This is due to the principle of "like dissolves like," meaning that substances with similar polarity are more likely to dissolve in each other. Nonpolar solutes, on the other hand, are unlikely to dissolve in a polar solvent because they lack the necessary charges to interact with the polar solvent molecules.

A solution that has more dissolved solute than is predicted by its solubility at a given temperature is called supersaturated. This means that the solution is holding more solute than it should be able to at that temperature. It is achieved by adding more solute to a saturated solution and then cooling it down slowly, which prevents the excess solute from precipitating out. Supersaturated solutions are unstable and any disturbance can cause the excess solute to come out of the solution and form crystals.

The manipulated (independent) variable is the variable that is intentionally changed or controlled in an experiment. In this case, the graph is showing the relationship between solubility and temperature. Temperature is the variable that is being manipulated or changed in order to observe its effect on solubility.

The substance found in a solution in the smallest amount is called a solute. In a solution, the solute is the component that is dissolved in the solvent. It is typically present in lesser quantity compared to the solvent. The solute can be a solid, liquid, or gas, and it is dispersed evenly throughout the solvent. In this context, the other options are not correct. A mixture refers to a combination of two or more substances, while a solvent is the component that dissolves the solute. A colloid is a type of mixture where particles are dispersed but not dissolved.

A saturated mixture is one in which no more solute can be dissolved. This means that the maximum amount of solute has already been dissolved in the solvent, and any additional solute will not dissolve further. In a saturated solution, the solute is in equilibrium with the solvent, and any excess solute will precipitate out.

Heating and stirring the contents of the beaker would speed up the rate at which the sugar cubes dissolve the fastest. When the water is heated, the kinetic energy of the water molecules increases, causing them to move faster. This increased movement helps to break down the sugar cubes more quickly. Stirring the mixture further enhances the dissolution process by increasing the contact between the sugar cubes and the water, allowing for more efficient mixing and dissolution.

Sugar water is an example of a solution because it is a homogeneous mixture where sugar (the solute) is dissolved in water (the solvent). In a solution, the solute particles are uniformly distributed throughout the solvent, resulting in a clear and well-mixed mixture. In the case of sugar water, the sugar molecules are evenly dispersed in the water, creating a solution.

A colloid is a mixture that contains small undissolved particles that do not settle out and scatter light. Unlike a solution, where the solute is completely dissolved in the solvent, a colloid has particles that are larger and do not dissolve. These particles are dispersed throughout the mixture and can scatter light, giving the colloid a cloudy or milky appearance. Therefore, a mixture that contains a small amount of undissolved particles that scatter light is called a colloid.

Solutes affect the freezing point of a solution by lowering it. When a solute is dissolved in a solvent, it disrupts the formation of crystal lattice structures that usually occur during freezing. This disruption prevents the solvent molecules from arranging themselves in an organized manner, making it more difficult for them to solidify. As a result, the freezing point of the solution is lower than that of the pure solvent.

The solubility of a substance refers to its ability to dissolve in a particular solvent. Pressure affects solubility because an increase in pressure can force more gas molecules into a solvent, increasing the solubility of gases. The type of solvent also affects solubility because different solvents have different chemical properties that can either enhance or hinder the dissolution of a solute. Temperature also plays a role as it affects the kinetic energy of molecules, which in turn affects the solubility of a substance. Higher temperatures generally increase solubility for solid solutes, while for gas solutes, higher temperatures decrease solubility.

The best way to change the concentration of a solution is to either add more solute or change the amount of solvent. By adding more solute, the concentration of the solution will increase. On the other hand, by changing the amount of solvent, the concentration can be adjusted by diluting the solution or making it more concentrated. Therefore, both options of adding more solute or changing the amount of solvent can effectively alter the concentration of a solution.

An unsaturated solution is a solution in which more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature. This means that the solution has not reached its maximum capacity to dissolve the solute and can still accommodate more.

When a solute is added to a solvent, it lowers the freezing point of the solvent. This is because the solute particles disrupt the orderly arrangement of the solvent particles, making it more difficult for the solvent to form a solid lattice structure. As a result, the solvent requires a lower temperature to freeze, hence lowering its freezing point. This phenomenon is known as freezing point depression and is commonly observed in solutions, such as antifreeze solutions used in car radiators.

Ionic solutions will conduct electricity because they contain ions that are free to move and carry an electric charge. When an electric current is applied to an ionic solution, the positive ions move towards the negative electrode and the negative ions move towards the positive electrode, allowing the current to flow. In contrast, molecular solutes do not dissociate into ions and therefore do not conduct electricity.

When a solute is added to a dilute solution, the concentration of the solution increases. This means that there is a higher amount of solute particles in the same volume of solvent. The term "concentrated" refers to a solution that has a high amount of solute relative to the amount of solvent. Therefore, the correct answer is "Concentrated."

Solutes affect the boiling point of a solution by raising it. When a solute is added to a solvent, the boiling point of the solution increases compared to the pure solvent. This is because the presence of solute particles disrupts the intermolecular forces between solvent molecules, making it harder for the solvent molecules to escape into the vapor phase. As a result, more heat is required to reach the boiling point, causing the boiling point to be higher than that of the pure solvent.

A scientist measures concentration by determining the amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature. This measurement helps in understanding the strength or amount of a particular substance in a solution.

A suspension is a mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling and filtration. In a suspension, the particles are larger and do not dissolve in the solvent. They are suspended throughout the mixture and can be observed with the naked eye. This allows for easy separation of the particles from the rest of the mixture by allowing them to settle at the bottom or by using a filter. Therefore, a suspension is the correct answer for this question.

In a solution created by dissolving a molecular solid in water, the slightly polar molecules are attracted to and dissolved by the polar water molecules. This is because water is a polar solvent, meaning it has a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom. The slightly polar molecules in the solid are attracted to these charges and become surrounded by water molecules, resulting in their dissolution in the solution.

Ocean water is an example of a solid in liquid solution because it contains dissolved salts and minerals. These salts and minerals, such as sodium chloride and magnesium sulfate, are solids that have dissolved in the water. Therefore, ocean water can be considered a solid in liquid solution.

When the pressure of a liquid decreases, the solubility of gases in the liquid also decreases. This is because the solubility of gases is directly proportional to the pressure. As the pressure decreases, there is less force pushing the gas molecules into the liquid, resulting in less gas being dissolved. Therefore, less gas can be dissolved in the liquid when the pressure decreases.

The concentration of a solution is determined by comparing the amount of solute (the substance being dissolved) to the amount of solvent (the substance doing the dissolving) or the total amount of solution. This comparison allows us to understand the relative proportion of solute to solvent in the solution, which is a key factor in determining its concentration.

Based on the graph, it can be observed that at a temperature of approximately 55 degrees, the solubility of both KNO3 and KBr is equal. Therefore, at this temperature, 100g of water will dissolve equal amounts of KNO3 and KBr.

Solutes lower the freezing point of water by making it harder for water to form crystals. When solutes are dissolved in water, they disrupt the orderly arrangement of water molecules necessary for the formation of ice crystals. This disruption makes it more difficult for water to freeze and lowers the freezing point of the solution. As a result, the solution requires lower temperatures to solidify compared to pure water.

Solubility is the measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature. It indicates the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent to form a saturated solution. Saturation point refers to the point at which no more solute can be dissolved in the solvent. Concentration, on the other hand, refers to the amount of solute present in a given amount of solvent or solution. Therefore, solubility is the correct answer as it specifically refers to the measure of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent.

Italian salad dressing, sandy water, and some medicines are considered suspensions because they all consist of solid particles (or droplets) dispersed in a liquid. In Italian salad dressing, small solid particles of herbs and spices are suspended in oil and vinegar. Sandy water is a suspension because it contains solid particles of sand dispersed in water. Some medicines, particularly liquid ones, can be suspensions where solid particles of the active ingredient are dispersed in a liquid to ensure proper dosage. Windex, on the other hand, is not a suspension but a solution, as it contains dissolved solutes rather than suspended particles.

The choices that are considered colloids are milk, gelatin, and fog. Milk is a colloid because it consists of small droplets of fat dispersed in water. Gelatin is a colloid because it forms a gel-like substance when mixed with water, with the water molecules trapped within the gel structure. Fog is a colloid because it is composed of tiny water droplets suspended in the air, creating a cloudy appearance.

NaNO3 shows the greatest change in solubility with temperature because it has the steepest slope on the graph. This indicates that the solubility of NaNO3 increases significantly as temperature increases.

The choices "Water," "Food color in water," and "Windex" are considered solutions because they are all substances that can dissolve or mix with other substances to form a homogeneous mixture. Water is a universal solvent and can dissolve many different solutes, making it a common solution. Food color in water is also a solution as the food color dissolves in the water to create a colored liquid. Windex is a solution as it is a mixture of various chemicals and solvents that can be used for cleaning purposes. Mayonnaise, on the other hand, is not considered a solution as it is an emulsion, which is a mixture of two immiscible substances.