Mtca Chapter 3 Terms - Quiz 4

The term "afebrile" is used to describe a patient who does not have a fever. It is commonly used by healthcare professionals, including nurses, to indicate that a patient's body temperature is within the normal range. This term is important in recording a patient's vitals as it helps to communicate the absence of fever and can be useful in diagnosing and monitoring the patient's condition.

The term "concentration" can have different meanings depending on the subject. In psychology, concentration refers to the ability to focus one's attention on a particular task or stimulus. It is the mental effort and attention required to maintain focus. In chemistry, concentration refers to the amount of solute present in a given amount of solvent. It is the measure of the strength or amount of a substance in a solution.

A disease that produces symptoms in many locations within the body could be referred to as multifocal. This term indicates that the disease is affecting multiple areas or organs simultaneously, rather than being localized to a single location.

The pectoral muscles are found on the chest, specifically on the upper side of the sternum. The term "parasternal" refers to the location of these muscles, as they are situated alongside or beside the sternum.

Premenstrual is a term that specifically refers to symptoms experienced by females in the days leading up to menstruation. Since males do not menstruate, the term premenstrual would not be applicable to a male patient. Polydactyly refers to having extra fingers or toes, which can occur in both males and females. Insomnia refers to difficulty sleeping, which can affect both males and females. Anicteric refers to the absence of jaundice, a condition that can occur in both males and females.

A patient with healthy kidneys would be described as anicteric because they do not have the yellowish discoloration of the skin, whites of the eyes, mucous membranes, and body fluids that is typically seen in patients with kidney failure.

Insomnia is the term that best describes the condition of not being able to sleep. It refers to a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or both. People with insomnia often experience daytime fatigue, irritability, and impaired functioning. Hyperactive, decompensation, and subacute are unrelated terms and do not describe the condition of not being able to sleep.

The term "pericardial" literally means "pertaining to around the heart." The prefix "peri-" means "around" and "cardial" refers to the heart. Therefore, pericardial is the correct answer as it directly relates to the description given in the question.

Muscles like the sternocleidomastoid can have two points of insertion, which leads to the muscle being divided or branched. This branching is known as bifuracte.

The correct answer is "extraocular" because it refers to the muscles that are located outside the eye. These muscles are responsible for the movement and control of the eye, allowing it to move in different directions.

The phlebotomist needs to be proficient at inserting a needle into the lumen. The lumen refers to the central opening or channel of a blood vessel or tube. When drawing blood or administering IV fluids, the phlebotomist must accurately insert the needle into the lumen to ensure proper blood flow or medication delivery.

The term "react" can mean both "response to a stimulus" and "to participate in a chemical reaction." In the context of the given options, "subacute," "sign," and "symptom" do not fit these definitions. Therefore, the correct answer is "react."

Regurgitation is the correct answer because it literally means "the process of flooding backwards" or refers to a backwards flow.

If a patient is "lacking in awareness of one's environment," it means that they are not conscious of their surroundings or what is happening around them. This lack of awareness indicates that the patient is unconscious.

When a patient experiences secondary symptoms that are unrelated to their initial illness, it can be caused by an overgrowth of yeast or resistant bacteria. This phenomenon is known as a superinfection.

The term "intermediary" literally means "pertaining to between or towards the middle." This term is used to describe something that is in between or connects two other things. It signifies a middle position or role, indicating that it is neither at one extreme nor the other.

The term "arrest" would best refer to a heart attack in which the heart and circulation stops. This term is commonly used in medical terminology to describe a sudden cessation of the heart's normal function. It implies a complete stoppage of the heart's pumping action and can lead to loss of consciousness and other severe complications if not promptly treated.

The term "binary" is most applicable to the hepatic ducts because it refers to something that is divided into two separate branches or parts. In the context of the kidneys, the hepatic ducts separating into two branches can be described as a binary division.

The term "enucleate" refers to the surgical removal of the nucleus from a cell. In the context of the given question, it is used to describe the process of removing the nucleus from a somatic cell for cloning stem cells. Similarly, in the case of surgical removal of a cataract from the eye, the term "enucleate" can be applied because it involves the removal of the cloudy lens, which can be seen as the "nucleus" of the eye. Therefore, the correct answer is the surgical removal of a cataract from the eye.

The terms "bifurcate" and "binary" are most similar in meaning because they both refer to a division or separation into two parts. "Bifurcate" means to split or divide into two branches or forks, while "binary" refers to something that is composed of or involving two things or parts. Both terms convey the idea of a dual or divided nature.

The term "hyperactive" would be used to describe the opposite condition of someone who had a thyroid gland that was producing a deficient quantity of hormones. Hyperactive refers to an excessive or overactive functioning of the thyroid gland, resulting in an increased production of hormones.

The term "subacute" would best describe the course of a disease or the healing process following a tissue injury. Subacute refers to a condition that is between acute (sudden and severe) and chronic (long-lasting) in nature. It suggests a moderate duration and intensity of symptoms or healing, indicating that the disease or injury is progressing towards resolution but is not yet fully healed or resolved.

The terms "unconscious" and "insomnia" are the most opposite because they represent opposite states of consciousness. "Unconscious" refers to a state of being unaware or lacking consciousness, while "insomnia" refers to a condition characterized by the inability to sleep.

Regurgitation is the only term among the given options that can apply to disorders in both the circulatory system and the digestive system. In the circulatory system, regurgitation refers to the backward flow of blood through a valve, while in the digestive system, regurgitation refers to the backward flow of stomach contents into the esophagus. Polydactyly is a condition characterized by having extra fingers or toes, which is not related to either system. Anicteric refers to a condition without jaundice, which is specific to the liver and not applicable to both systems. Decompensation refers to the failure of an organ or system to maintain normal function, but it is not specific to both the circulatory and digestive systems.

Polydactyly is a term that refers to a condition where a person has extra fingers or toes. It has no relation to the heart and circulatory system. Decompensation, lumen, and pericardial are all terms that are associated with the heart and circulatory system. Decompensation refers to the failure of the heart to maintain adequate blood circulation, lumen refers to the inner space of a blood vessel, and pericardial refers to the sac that surrounds the heart.

When an artery is blocked, it means that there is an obstruction preventing blood flow through the vessel. In order to repair this condition, cardiovascular surgeons often insert a stent. A stent is a small mesh tube that is placed in the blocked artery to help keep it open and restore blood flow. The term "occlusion" refers to the blockage or closure of a blood vessel, making it the correct answer in this context.

A symptom is any perceptible change in the function of the body that indicates a disease. It is a manifestation of an underlying condition and can be observed or experienced by the patient or a healthcare provider. Symptoms can vary depending on the specific disease or condition and can include things like pain, fever, coughing, or fatigue. They are important in diagnosing and treating illnesses as they provide valuable information about the body's functioning and any abnormalities present.

Hypoplasia is the correct answer because it refers to the underdevelopment or incomplete development of an organ or tissue. In the case of infants born more than 4 weeks premature, their organs, such as the lungs and heart, may not have fully developed, leading to potential complications and even death.

A sign refers to any objective evidence of an illness or disordered function of the body. It is something that can be observed or measured by a healthcare professional, such as a physical finding or abnormal test result. Signs are important in diagnosing and monitoring the progress of a disease or condition. Unlike symptoms, which are subjective experiences reported by the patient, signs provide concrete evidence of a medical problem.

During cardiac arrest, the heart stops pumping blood effectively, leading to a lack of circulation. This can result in various complications and events, one of which is decompensation. Decompensation refers to the failure of an organ or system to maintain its normal function due to the inability to compensate for the increased demand or stress. In the context of cardiac arrest, decompensation occurs because the heart is no longer able to adequately circulate blood, leading to a cascade of physiological imbalances and organ dysfunction.

The term "occlusion" refers to the blocking or closing off of something. In contrast, the term "patent" means open or unobstructed. Therefore, "patent" is the most opposite term to "occlusion" as it represents the opposite concept of something being closed or blocked.

Viruses, such as the virus that causes chicken pox and shingles, can become dormant or inactive. In times of stress, these viruses can often become active and cause symptoms. These inactive viruses are called latent.