Anatomy And Physiology Advanced - Qp2

The synovial membrane is a thin layer that lines the inside of the joint capsule. It is responsible for producing synovial fluid, which lubricates the joint and reduces friction between the bones. The synovial membrane does not cover the hyaline cartilage, which is a smooth and flexible type of cartilage that covers the ends of bones in a joint.

The given statement is incorrect. Superficial refers to a structure that is closer to the surface or outer layer of the body, not necessarily lower or closer to the foot. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

Hinge joints do not allow the widest range of movement. They only permit back and forth movements, similar to the movement of a door hinge. They do not allow for side to side or rotational movements. Therefore, the statement is false.

Gliding joints, also known as plane joints, are typically bi-axial, meaning they allow movement in two directions. However, they can also permit movement in all directions, making them multi-axial. This means that while their primary function is bi-axial movement, they have the potential to move in any direction. Therefore, the statement that gliding joints are usually bi-axial but may permit movement in all directions is true.

Pronation is the correct answer because it involves internal rotation between the radius and humerus, as well as the crossing of the radius and the ulna. Pronation refers to the movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand faces downwards or towards the back. This movement occurs at the elbow joint and is important for activities such as turning a doorknob or pouring a drink.

The statement "Wherever three or more bones meet, a joint or articulation exists" is false. Joints or articulations occur wherever two or more bones meet, not necessarily three or more. This is a basic anatomical fact.

The given statement is false. The frontal or coronal plane does not run horizontally, but vertically. It divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections.

Exercise has several beneficial effects on the skeletal system. First, it stimulates the bones to adapt by becoming thicker and stronger, which increases their density and reduces the risk of fractures. Second, exercise promotes the thickening of hyaline cartilage, which provides cushioning and support to the joints, reducing the risk of joint injuries. Lastly, exercise helps to strengthen tendons, making them thicker and more resistant to forces, which improves overall joint stability and reduces the risk of tendon injuries.