First Semester Image Technology Exam

When a light subject is photographed, it reflects a large amount of light back to the film, resulting in an overexposure. This excessive amount of light creates a bright area on the negative. Therefore, the opposite would be true for a dark subject. A dark subject absorbs light rather than reflecting it, resulting in less light reaching the film. This lack of light creates an underexposure, leading to a dark area on the negative.

Moving the flash a short distance away from the camera and having the subject look slightly away from the flash can help avoid "red eye" or "white eye" when taking photographs. By moving the flash away from the camera, the angle of the light hitting the subject's eyes changes, reducing the chance of light reflecting off the retina and causing the red or white eye effect. Additionally, having the subject look slightly away from the flash can further minimize the direct reflection of light from the flash into the camera lens, reducing the likelihood of red or white eye.

In a negative, a high density is preferred. This means that there should be a large concentration or amount of something in order to achieve the desired effect. A high density can create a stronger negative, making it more impactful or noticeable. A low or moderate density may not have the same level of impact or may not be as noticeable in a negative. Therefore, a high density is the preferred option in this context.

Modern electronic flashes have a very short duration that allows them to freeze action. This means that when the flash is triggered, it emits a burst of light for a very brief moment, capturing a still image of a fast-moving subject. By freezing the action, the flash helps to eliminate motion blur and capture a clear, sharp image. This is particularly useful in situations where the subject is in motion, such as sports photography or capturing fast-moving objects.

An electronic flash can be powered by AC "House current" power, rechargeable nickel cadmium batteries, or disposable batteries. AC power refers to the electricity supplied by the household power grid, which can be used to directly power the flash. Rechargeable nickel cadmium batteries can also be used as a power source for the flash, providing a portable and rechargeable option. Additionally, disposable batteries can be used to power the flash, providing a convenient and easily replaceable power source. Therefore, all of the above options are valid sources of power for an electronic flash.

The fixer is responsible for dissolving all remaining unexposed silver salts in the film emulsion. This process allows the salts to be easily removed by washing the film in running water. The fixer plays a crucial role in the development process by stabilizing the image and making it permanent.

As the lens aperture becomes smaller, the depth of field increases. This means that a smaller aperture allows for a greater range of distance to be in focus in the resulting image. When the aperture is smaller, less light is allowed to enter the lens, resulting in a larger area of the image being in focus. This is particularly useful in landscape photography or when capturing subjects with intricate details, where a larger depth of field is desired to ensure sharpness throughout the image.

As the distance from the flash to the subject increases, the amount of light needed to make an exposure increases. This is because light intensity decreases with distance, so the subject becomes less illuminated the further away it is from the flash. To compensate for this decrease in light, more light is required to properly expose the subject. Therefore, the amount of light needed increases as the distance increases, but at a faster rate.

Cropping refers to the process of removing unwanted areas from a print. This can be done either physically by cutting off the edges of the print or digitally by using image editing software. By eliminating unwanted areas, the focus of the image can be enhanced and distracting elements can be removed, resulting in a more visually appealing composition. Burning-in and dodging, on the other hand, are techniques used in darkroom printing to selectively darken or lighten specific areas of a photograph. Therefore, the correct answer is Cropping.

Burning-in is a technique used in photography to darken specific areas of an image that appear too light. By giving additional exposure to the light areas, the photographer can balance the overall exposure and enhance the details in those specific areas. This technique is commonly used in darkroom printing to create a more balanced and visually appealing photograph.

A light meter is a device used to measure the intensity of light. While it is true that a light meter is used in photography to determine the correct exposure settings, it is not a light-tight box made to expose light-sensitive material like film. Instead, a camera fits the description provided in the question. A camera is a light-tight box that houses the film and controls the exposure of light onto the film.

Film should not be exposed to light until the fixing cycle is complete because the fixing process is responsible for making the image on the film permanent. If the film is exposed to light before the fixing cycle is complete, it can result in the image being ruined or washed out. The fixing cycle involves removing any unexposed silver halide crystals from the film and stabilizing the remaining image. Therefore, it is important to keep the film protected from light until the fixing process is finished.

An accurate thermometer is a must when processing film because temperature control is crucial in the film development process. The chemicals used in film development react differently at different temperatures, and even slight variations can result in poor image quality or ruined film. A thermometer allows the photographer to monitor and adjust the temperature of the developing solution to ensure optimal results.

A shutter is a device that controls the length of exposure in a camera. It is similar to a window blind as it opens and closes to allow light to enter the camera. By adjusting the shutter speed, the photographer can control the amount of time the camera's sensor is exposed to light, which in turn affects the brightness and sharpness of the image. Therefore, the shutter is responsible for controlling the length of exposure in a camera.

Shutter speeds of 1/30 second or faster are needed when the camera is handheld using a normal lens because slower shutter speeds can result in motion blur due to camera shake. When shooting handheld, it is important to use a faster shutter speed to freeze the motion and ensure sharp images.

As the subject gets farther away from the camera, the depth of field increases. This means that a larger range of the scene will be in focus, from the foreground to the background. This is because as the distance between the camera and the subject increases, the angle of view widens, resulting in a larger area being in focus. So, the correct answer is increases.

A light meter is used to measure the amount of light that reaches the film. It helps photographers determine the correct exposure settings for their photographs by measuring the intensity of light in a scene. This information allows them to adjust the camera settings accordingly, such as aperture, shutter speed, and ISO, to achieve a properly exposed image.

The view finder is used by the photographer to aim and compose the picture. It allows them to see exactly what the camera sees, helping them to frame the shot and ensure that the subject is properly positioned within the frame. The view finder provides a real-time preview of the image, allowing the photographer to make any necessary adjustments before capturing the picture.

The correct answer is "shutter release." The shutter release is the button or mechanism on a camera that opens the shutter and exposes the film or sensor to light, allowing the image to be captured. It is typically located on the top or front of the camera body and is pressed to take a photo. The other options listed, such as zoom control, focus control, and aperture, are not directly responsible for opening the shutter.

The correct answer is "Following suggestions on the film data sheet". When you don't have a light meter, you can rely on the film data sheet to provide you with recommended exposure settings for different lighting conditions. The film data sheet usually includes information about the film's sensitivity to light and suggestions for proper exposure settings based on the available light. By following these suggestions, you can ensure that your photos are properly exposed even without a light meter.

A film with an ISO of 400 is twice as fast as a film with an ISO of 200 because ISO measures the sensitivity of the film to light. A higher ISO means the film is more sensitive to light, allowing for faster shutter speeds and better performance in low-light conditions. In this case, a film with an ISO of 400 is twice as sensitive to light as a film with an ISO of 200, resulting in it being twice as fast.

Reflected light meters are pointed at the subject from the same direction as the camera. This means that the light meter measures the amount of light that is reflected off the subject and reaches the camera. By measuring the reflected light, the light meter can provide an accurate reading of the light intensity and help the photographer determine the correct exposure settings for the photograph.

Bounce flash is an indoor lighting technique that involves redirecting the light from the flash off a surface such as the ceiling or a wall. This technique helps to create a softer and more diffused lighting effect, reducing harsh shadows and creating a more natural and flattering light on the subject. By bouncing the flash, the light is spread out and reflected back onto the subject, resulting in a more even and balanced illumination.

Incident light meters are used to measure the amount of light falling on the subject directly from the light source. They must be held near the subject and pointed at either the camera or the light source to accurately measure the light intensity. Reflected light meters, on the other hand, measure the light that is reflected off the subject and are typically built into cameras.

Panning is the act of horizontally moving the camera to track a subject that is in motion. This technique allows the subject to remain in focus while creating a sense of motion blur in the background. Panning is commonly used in sports photography or when capturing moving vehicles to create dynamic and engaging images.

Framing is a technique in photography where the primary subject is partially or totally surrounded by an object or objects in the foreground. This technique helps to draw attention to the subject and adds depth and context to the image. It can be achieved by using various elements such as archways, windows, trees, or any other objects that create a frame around the subject. Framing enhances the composition and creates a more visually appealing and interesting photograph.

Unprocessed film can be damaged by high humidity, high temperature, and light. High humidity can cause the film to absorb moisture, leading to mold or warping. High temperature can cause the film to melt or become brittle. Light can cause the film to become overexposed or develop unwanted color shifts. Therefore, all of these factors can potentially damage unprocessed film.

Film must be wound on the reel in complete darkness because exposure to light can ruin the film. Film is light-sensitive and any exposure to light can result in overexposed or washed-out images. Therefore, it is necessary to handle and wind the film in complete darkness to ensure the quality of the images captured on the film.

After the film has gone through the development process, it is known as a negative because the image captured on the film is the exact opposite of the subject that was photographed. In a negative, the dark areas of the subject appear as light areas, while the light areas appear as dark areas. This is due to the way the film reacts to light during the development process, resulting in an inverted representation of the original subject. The negative is then used to create positive prints of the image.

After the film is loaded into the developing tank and the lid is locked in place, it is safe to turn on the lights. This is because the developing tank is light-tight, meaning it prevents any light from entering and potentially exposing the film. Therefore, it is true that the lights can be turned on once the film is securely loaded and the lid is locked.

A dilution factor of 1:3 means that the solution is being diluted by adding three parts water for every one part of the developer. Therefore, the mixture will indeed contain one part developer and three parts water. Hence, the answer is true.

During the development process, air bubbles can get trapped between the film and the developing solution, preventing proper development. Rapping the developing tank on a hard surface helps to dislodge these air bubbles, ensuring that the film is evenly exposed to the developing solution and allowing for a more accurate and consistent development of the film.

The correct answer is "enlarger" because an enlarger is a device used in photography to project an enlarged image from a negative onto a sheet of photo paper. It allows photographers to create larger prints of their photographs.

To avoid having a tree or any other object appear to be growing out of the subject's head in a picture, it is important to use a background that is uncluttered. This means choosing a background that is simple and does not have any distracting elements that could detract from the main subject of the photo. By selecting a clean and uncluttered background, the focus remains on the subject and ensures that there are no unwanted objects appearing to be part of the subject's head.

The statement is false because the shutter in the enlarger lens controls the amount of light that passes through the lens, not the length of exposure. The length of exposure is determined by the duration that the light is allowed to reach the film or sensor.

The stop bath is poured in after the developer has been drained from the tank because it helps to halt the development process. The stop bath is an acidic solution that neutralizes the developer and stops it from further developing the film or print. This step is crucial in order to ensure that the desired level of development is achieved and to prevent overdevelopment.

A hypo clearing solution is used in photography to remove any remaining traces of fixer from the developed film or print. By using this solution, the wash time required to remove the fixer is significantly reduced. Therefore, the correct answer is "reduce".

Film negatives should not be stored in regular postal envelopes because they do not provide adequate protection against light, moisture, and temperature fluctuations. Instead, film negatives should be stored in archival-quality sleeves or containers that are specifically designed to preserve and protect them. Regular postal envelopes can cause damage to the negatives over time, leading to loss of image quality and deterioration.

The distance between the nearest and farthest object in a scene that appears in acceptable sharp focus is referred to as the depth of field. This term is commonly used in photography to describe the range of distances that are in focus in an image. By adjusting the aperture, focal length, and distance to the subject, photographers can control the depth of field and determine which parts of the scene will be in focus and which will be blurred.

The success in capturing a subject depends on the photographer's skill in controlling light. Light plays a crucial role in photography as it determines the exposure, shadows, highlights, and overall mood of the image. A skilled photographer knows how to manipulate and utilize light to create the desired effect, whether it's soft and diffused or dramatic and contrasty. By mastering the control of light, photographers can enhance the subject, highlight important details, and create visually captivating images.

In a front lighted scene, keeping the sun behind the camera ensures that the light source is directly facing the subject. This eliminates any shadows that may be cast on the subject's face, resulting in a well-lit and evenly exposed image. Placing the sun behind the subject would create a backlit effect, which may result in the subject appearing dark or silhouetted.

In Manual mode, the photographer has full control over the camera settings, including the lens aperture and shutter speed. This means that the photographer manually adjusts these settings based on their desired outcome, rather than relying on the camera's automatic settings.

When hand holding a camera, using a shutter speed equal to the inverse of the lens' focal length helps to prevent camera shake and produce sharp photos. In this case, the lens has a focal length of 250mm, so the recommended shutter speed would be the inverse of 250, which is 1/250. Using a slower shutter speed, such as 1/30 or 1/60, may result in blurry photos due to camera shake. Therefore, the correct answer is 1/250.

In an automatic program system, the camera takes control of selecting both the shutter speed and aperture opening. This means that the camera automatically adjusts these settings based on the lighting conditions and other factors to ensure a well-exposed photograph. Therefore, the statement "the camera selects both shutter speed and aperture opening" is true.

Undeveloped film is sensitive to rays from the safelight, which can cause fogging if exposed to the light. This means that if the undeveloped film is exposed to the safelight, it will result in a loss of image quality and clarity. Therefore, the statement "Undeveloped film is generally sensitive to rays from the safelight and will be fogged if exposed to the light" is true.

A paper cutter is the best tool to use to trim photo paper to size in the dim light of a darkroom because it provides a straight and precise cut. Scissors may not give a clean edge and can be difficult to use accurately in low light conditions. A knife is also not recommended as it can be dangerous and may result in uneven cuts. Therefore, a paper cutter is the most suitable option for this task.

When making prints, it is not recommended to pick them up with your hands to move them from processing tray to processing tray. This is because the oils and dirt on our hands can transfer onto the prints and potentially damage them. It is best to use tongs or gloves to handle the prints and ensure their preservation.

Fill-in flash is used outdoors when part of the subject is shaded. This type of flash helps to fill in the shadows and balance the exposure between the shaded and well-lit areas of the subject. It provides additional light to the shaded areas, ensuring that the entire subject is properly exposed in the photograph.

For best results in print-processing, the chemicals used must be fresh, free of contamination, and mixed as recommended by the manufacturer. This is because the chemicals play a crucial role in developing and fixing the print, and any impurities or incorrect mixing ratios can lead to poor quality or inconsistent results. Therefore, ensuring the quality and proper handling of the chemicals is essential for achieving optimal print processing outcomes.

Resin coated papers do not absorb processing chemicals, which is why fixing, washing, and drying times are shortened compared to fiber base papers.