Sampling Distribution Model Quiz Questions
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- 1.
A realtor has been told that 42% of homeowners in a city prefer to have a finished basement. She surveys a group of 400 homeowners randomly chosen from her client list. Find the mean of the proportion of homeowners in this sample who prefer a finished basement.
- A.
μ = 42%
- B.
μ = 2.5%
- C.
μ = 0.42%
- D.
μ = 58%
- E.
μ = 1.2%
Correct Answer
A. μ = 42%Explanation
The mean of the proportion of homeowners in this sample who prefer a finished basement is μ = 42%. This means that, on average, 42% of homeowners in the sample prefer a finished basement.Rate this question:
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- 2.
A restaurant's receipts show that the cost of customers' dinners has a skewed distribution with a mean of $54 and a standard deviation of $18. What is the probability that the next 100 customers will spend an average of at least $50 on dinner? Find the specified probability, from a table of Normal probabilities. Assume that the necessary conditions and assumptions are met.
- A.
0.5879
- B.
0.0132
- C.
0.9868
- D.
0.4121
- E.
0.9614
Correct Answer
C. 0.9868Explanation
The probability that the next 100 customers will spend an average of at least $50 on dinner is 0.9868. This means that there is a high likelihood that the average spending of the next 100 customers will be at least $50.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Which of the following describe how the sampling distribution model for the sample mean changes as the sample size is increased? A: The sampling distribution model becomes more Normal in shape B: The standard deviation of the sampling distribution gets smaller C: The mean of the sampling distribution gets smaller
- A.
A only
- B.
B and C
- C.
B only
- D.
A, B, and C
- E.
A and B
Correct Answer
E. A and BExplanation
As the sample size increases, the sampling distribution model for the sample mean becomes more Normal in shape. This is because the Central Limit Theorem states that as the sample size increases, the distribution of sample means approaches a normal distribution regardless of the shape of the population distribution. Additionally, the standard deviation of the sampling distribution gets smaller as the sample size increases. This is because larger sample sizes provide more information and reduce the variability of the sample means, resulting in a smaller standard deviation.Rate this question:
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- 4.
A certain population is strongly skewed to the left. We want to estimate its mean, so we collect a sample. Which should be true if we use a large sample rather than a small one? I. The distribution of our sample data will be more clearly skewed to the left. II. The sampling model of the sample means will be more skewed to the left. III. The variability of the sample means will greater.
- A.
III only
- B.
I and III only
- C.
II only
- D.
I only
- E.
II and III only
Correct Answer
D. I onlyExplanation
If we use a large sample rather than a small one, the distribution of our sample data will be more representative of the population, which means it will be less skewed to the left. Therefore, statement I is true. However, the sampling model of the sample means will not be affected by the size of the sample, so statement II is false. The variability of the sample means will actually be smaller with a larger sample, as it reduces the impact of outliers and random errors, so statement III is false. Therefore, the correct answer is I only.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A certain population is strongly skewed to the right. We want to estimate its mean, so we will collect a sample. Which should be true if we use a large sample rather than a small one? I. The distribution of our sample data will be closer to normal. II. The sampling model of the sample means will be closer to normal. III. The variability of the sample means will be greater.
- A.
I and III only
- B.
II only
- C.
II and III only
- D.
III only
- E.
I only
Correct Answer
B. II onlyExplanation
If a population is strongly skewed to the right, using a large sample rather than a small one will not affect the shape of the distribution of the sample data (I). However, using a large sample will result in a sampling model of the sample means that is closer to normal (II). This is because the Central Limit Theorem states that as sample size increases, the distribution of sample means approaches a normal distribution, regardless of the shape of the population distribution. The variability of the sample means (III) will be smaller with a larger sample size, as it reduces the effect of outliers and extreme values. Therefore, the correct answer is II only.Rate this question:
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- 6.
A sample is chosen randomly from a population that was strongly skewed to the right. Describe the sampling distribution model for the sample mean if the sample size is small.
- A.
Normal, center at μ, standard deviation sqrt(σ/n)
- B.
Skewed right, center at μ, standard deviation sqrt(σ/n)
- C.
Skewed right, center at μ, standard deviation σ/sqrt(n)
- D.
Normal, center at μ, standard deviation σ/sqrt(n)
- E.
There is not enough information to describe the sampling distribution model.
Correct Answer
C. Skewed right, center at μ, standard deviation σ/sqrt(n)Explanation
If the population is strongly skewed to the right and the sample size is small, the sampling distribution model for the sample mean would still be skewed right, with the center at the population mean (μ), and the standard deviation would be σ/sqrt(n), where σ is the standard deviation of the population and n is the sample size. This is because even though the sample mean tends to be less skewed than the population, it still retains some of the skewness, and the standard deviation decreases as the sample size increases.Rate this question:
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- 7.
The mean annual income for women in one city is $28,520 and the standard deviation of the incomes is $5600. The distribution of incomes is skewed to the right. Suppose a sample of 12 women is selected at random from the city and the mean income, is determined for the women in the sample. May the Normal model be used to describe the sampling distribution of the mean, ?
- A.
No, Normal model may not be used: 10% condition is not satisfied since the 12 women in the sample represent less than 10% of women in the city
- B.
No, Normal model may not be used: Independence assumption is not satisfied: since the women in the sample may live in the same neighborhood, the chance of picking a woman with a high income depends on who has already been selected.
- C.
Yes, Normal model may be used. Randomization condition: The women were selected at random Independence assumption: It is reasonable to think that incomes of randomly selected women are mutually independent. Large enough sample condition: a sample of 12 is large enough for the Central Limit Theorem to apply 10% condition is satisfied since the 12 women in the sample certainly represent less than 10% of women in the city
- D.
No, Normal model may not be used: Large enough sample condition is not satisfied: since the distribution of incomes in the original population is skewed, a sample of 12 is not large enough
- E.
No, Normal model may not be used since incomes of women in the city are not normally distributed but are skewed to the right
Correct Answer
D. No, Normal model may not be used: Large enough sample condition is not satisfied: since the distribution of incomes in the original population is skewed, a sample of 12 is not large enoughExplanation
The explanation for the given correct answer is that the distribution of incomes in the original population is skewed to the right. In order to use the Normal model to describe the sampling distribution of the mean, the sample size should be large enough for the Central Limit Theorem to apply. However, a sample size of 12 is not considered large enough when the population distribution is skewed. Therefore, the Normal model may not be used in this case.Rate this question:
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- 8.
Assume that 15% of students at a university wear contact lenses. We randomly pick 200 students. What is the standard deviation of the proportion of students in this group who may wear contact lenses?
- A.
σ = 2.74%
- B.
σ = 6.38%
- C.
σ = 5.48%
- D.
σ = 2.52%
- E.
σ = 5.05%
Correct Answer
D. σ = 2.52%Explanation
The standard deviation of the proportion of students who may wear contact lenses in this group is 2.52%. This means that the actual proportion of students who wear contact lenses in different samples of 200 students is expected to vary by about 2.52% on average.Rate this question:
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- 9.
When a truckload of oranges arrives at a packing plant, a random sample of 125 is selected and examined. The whole truckload will be rejected if more than 8% of the sample is unsatisfactory. Suppose that in fact 9% of the oranges on the truck do not meet the desired standard. What's the probability that the shipment will be accepted anyway?
- A.
0.6517
- B.
0.3483
- C.
0.6966
- D.
0.7803
- E.
0.2197
Correct Answer
B. 0.3483Explanation
The probability that the shipment will be accepted anyway can be calculated using the concept of binomial distribution. In this case, we have a sample size of 125, with a probability of 9% (0.09) for an orange to be unsatisfactory. We want to find the probability that the number of unsatisfactory oranges in the sample is less than or equal to 8% (0.08) of the sample. By calculating this probability using the binomial distribution formula, we find that the probability is 0.3483.Rate this question:
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- 10.
A health worker believes that 10% of students at a certain college suffer from depression. She sets up a booth outside the student union building and selects 100 students at random from those leaving the building. She asks the selected students to complete a questionnaire. May the Normal model be used to describe the distribution of the proportion of students in the sample who suffer from depression? The college has roughly 7000 students.
- A.
Normal model may be used to describe distribution of sample proportions. Randomization condition is satisfied: the students were selected at random and are therefore representative of all students at the college 10% condition is satisfied: the 100 students are less than 10% of all students at the college Success/failure condition is satisfed: np = 10 and nq = 90 are both greater than 10.
- B.
Normal model may not be used to describe distribution of sample proportions. Randomization condition is not satisfied: the students were selected at random but only from those students leaving the student union building, not from the whole student body. Those leaving the student union building may not be representative of all students at the college - those suffering from depression are more likely to stay in their rooms and may not be out as much, participating in activities at the student union building.
- C.
Normal model may not be used to describe distribution of sample proportions. Success/failure condition is not satisfed: np = 10 and nq = 90 are both greater than 10.
- D.
Normal model may not be used to describe distribution of sample proportions. Distribution of population is not normal
- E.
Normal model may not be used to describe distribution of sample proportions. 10% condition is not satisfied: the 100 students are less than 10% of all students at the college
Correct Answer
B. Normal model may not be used to describe distribution of sample proportions. Randomization condition is not satisfied: the students were selected at random but only from those students leaving the student union building, not from the whole student body. Those leaving the student union building may not be representative of all students at the college - those suffering from depression are more likely to stay in their rooms and may not be out as much, participating in activities at the student union building.Explanation
The randomization condition is not satisfied because the students were selected only from those leaving the student union building, not from the whole student body. This means that the sample may not be representative of all students at the college, especially those who are more likely to stay in their rooms and not participate in activities at the student union building, such as those suffering from depression. Therefore, the Normal model may not be used to describe the distribution of the proportion of students in the sample who suffer from depression.Rate this question:
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Current Version
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Mar 21, 2023Quiz Edited by
ProProfs Editorial Team -
Apr 04, 2014Quiz Created by
Dimsdale
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