Summative #1 (Introduction To Statistics And Probability)

Explanation
Descriptive statistics involves analyzing and summarizing data to provide a clear understanding of the characteristics of a specific group or population. In this case, the sports journalist would use descriptive statistics to gather and analyze data on basketball players' popularity, such as the number of fans, social media following, endorsement deals, and media coverage. This would help determine the most popular basketball player for the year based on objective data and facts. Inferential statistics, on the other hand, involves making predictions or inferences about a larger population based on a smaller sample, which is not applicable in this scenario.

Explanation
The correct answer is Inferential Statistics. Inferential statistics involves making predictions or inferences about a population based on a sample. In this case, the manager is using present sales as a sample to predict future sales for the entire company. This involves using statistical techniques to analyze the data and draw conclusions about the population. Descriptive statistics, on the other hand, simply summarize and describe the data without making any predictions or inferences.

Explanation
The given answer is "Descriptive Statistics" because the teacher is calculating the average grade of her students and identifying the top ten students. Descriptive statistics involves summarizing and describing data, which is exactly what the teacher is doing in this scenario. It focuses on organizing, presenting, and analyzing data to provide a clear understanding of the characteristics and patterns within the data set.

Explanation
Inferential statistics is the correct answer because it involves analyzing a sample data to make inferences or draw conclusions about a larger population. In this case, the psychologist is investigating the relationship between mental age and chronological age. By collecting data from a sample of individuals, the psychologist can use inferential statistics to determine if there is a significant relationship between these variables in the larger population. Descriptive statistics, on the other hand, would simply summarize and describe the characteristics of the sample data without making any inferences.

Explanation
The correct answer is "Inferential Statistics." In this scenario, the researcher is studying the effectiveness of garlic to lower blood pressure. Descriptive statistics would involve summarizing and analyzing the data collected from the study, such as calculating the mean or standard deviation of blood pressure measurements. However, inferential statistics would be used to make conclusions or inferences about a larger population based on the data collected from the study. Therefore, inferential statistics would be more appropriate in this case as the researcher aims to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of garlic in lowering blood pressure in a broader population.

Explanation
The answer "Quantitative" is correct because the question is asking for the height of giraffes living in India, which can be measured and expressed numerically. This indicates that the question is seeking a quantitative value rather than a qualitative description.

Explanation
The religious affiliation of people in the Philippines is a qualitative variable because it cannot be measured numerically or quantitatively. It is a categorical variable that represents different religious beliefs and practices among individuals. The variable does not have a numerical value or a specific order, but rather represents different categories or groups of people based on their religious affiliations. Therefore, it falls under the qualitative category.

Explanation
The question is asking about a favorite movie, which is a subjective preference and cannot be measured or quantified. Qualitative data refers to non-numerical information that describes qualities or characteristics, such as opinions, preferences, or experiences. Therefore, the answer "Qualitative" is correct as it aligns with the nature of the question and the type of data being discussed.

Explanation
The term "age of teachers" refers to a measurable and numerical value, which can be quantified. It is not a subjective or descriptive characteristic, but rather a concrete data point that can be counted or measured. Therefore, the correct answer is "Quantitative."

Explanation
The term "Zip Code" refers to a postal code used in the United States to identify specific geographic areas for efficient mail delivery. It is a qualitative variable because it represents a category or attribute (e.g., a specific area or location) rather than a numerical value. Qualitative variables are typically non-numeric and represent characteristics or qualities of a population or sample. In this case, the Zip Code variable represents different geographic areas and does not have a numerical value associated with it.

Explanation
The given answer is "Qualitative" because opinions on political issues are subjective and cannot be measured or quantified. Qualitative data refers to non-numerical information that is descriptive in nature, such as opinions, feelings, and beliefs. Therefore, when discussing an opinion on a political issue, it falls under the category of qualitative data rather than quantitative data, which involves numerical measurements and statistics.

Explanation
Quantitative refers to numerical data or information that can be measured or expressed in terms of quantity. Gross income is a specific amount of money earned before any deductions or expenses are taken into account. Since gross income can be precisely calculated and expressed as a specific number, it falls under the category of quantitative data.

Explanation
The weight of a body is a continuous variable. Continuous variables can take on any value within a given range, and they can be measured with great precision. In the case of weight, it can be measured in grams, kilograms, or any other unit. There are no distinct or separate values for weight, as it can vary smoothly between different values. Therefore, weight is considered a continuous variable.

Explanation
The number of chairs in the classroom is a discrete variable because it can only take on whole number values. It cannot be a fraction or a decimal. The number of chairs cannot be 2.5 or 3.75, it can only be 2 or 3 or any other whole number. Therefore, it falls under the category of discrete variables.

Explanation
The amount of sales in the business world is considered continuous because it can take on any value within a given range. Sales can be measured in decimals and can vary continuously over time. There are no distinct and separate values for sales, as it is a continuous variable that can take on any value within a given range.

Explanation
The given correct answer is "Continuous". This is because dimensions of a table can be measured on a continuous scale, such as length, width, and height. These dimensions can take on any value within a certain range and can be divided into smaller units. In contrast, discrete dimensions would be limited to specific values or categories, such as the number of legs on a table (which can only be whole numbers). Therefore, the dimensions of a table are considered to be continuous variables.

Explanation
The area of a land is a continuous variable because it can take on any value within a given range. It is not limited to specific values or intervals, but can vary continuously. For example, the area of a land can be 10.5 acres, 10.51 acres, 10.512 acres, and so on. There are no gaps or jumps in the possible values of the area, making it a continuous variable.

Explanation
The life span of a person is considered a discrete variable because it can only take on specific values, such as whole numbers representing the age of a person. It cannot take on any value between two whole numbers, making it a discrete variable.

Explanation
A Social Security number (SSS number) is a unique identifier assigned to individuals for the purpose of tracking their earnings and benefits in the United States. It does not have any inherent order or numerical value associated with it. It is simply used to distinguish one person from another. Therefore, it falls under the category of nominal data, which is used to label or categorize variables without any quantitative meaning or order.

Explanation
The total annual income for a sample of families is an example of ratio data. Ratio data is the highest level of measurement and has all the properties of interval data, with the additional feature of having a meaningful zero point. In this case, the income can be measured on a continuous scale, with a true zero point representing the absence of income. This allows for meaningful calculations such as ratios and proportions to be made.

Explanation
The answer is "Interval" because this refers to a level of measurement in statistics where the data is measured on a scale with equal intervals between the values. In this context, it suggests that the grades of students enrolled in Statistics are measured on a scale where the difference between any two grades is meaningful and consistent. This scale allows for mathematical operations such as addition and subtraction to be performed on the data.

Explanation
The ranking of tennis players is considered an ordinal level of measurement. This is because the ranking system assigns a specific order or position to each player based on their performance and achievements. However, the difference between the ranks is not necessarily equal, and it does not provide information about the exact distance between each player's rank. Therefore, it is classified as an ordinal measurement rather than interval or ratio, which require equal intervals and a meaningful zero point, respectively.

Explanation
The land area of lots in a subdivision is an example of a ratio level of measurement. The ratio level of measurement is the highest level and it has all the characteristics of the other levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, and interval) along with a true zero point. In this case, the land area can be measured and compared using a true zero point, meaning that a lot with zero land area would have no land at all. Additionally, ratios can be calculated between different land areas, allowing for meaningful comparisons and mathematical operations.

Explanation
The final grades (A, B, C, D) in college can be classified as ordinal data. Ordinal data is a type of categorical data where the categories have a natural order or ranking. In this case, the grades have a clear order from highest to lowest (A being the highest and D being the lowest). However, the difference between the grades is not necessarily equal or measurable, making it different from interval or ratio data. Therefore, the correct classification for the given data is ordinal.

Explanation
The given correct answer is "Interval" because temperature is measured on a scale where the intervals between the values are equal. In other words, the difference between 10°C and 20°C is the same as the difference between 30°C and 40°C. However, the scale does not have a true zero point, as temperature can go below zero (e.g., -10°C). Therefore, it is not a ratio scale. Additionally, temperature is not categorical data (nominal or ordinal) as it represents a continuous numerical value.