Neural Tube Defects (Part 1) - For Ob/GYN Test On 4/29/11

The process of the neural plate folding into the neural tube is called ______________.

A NTD (neural tube defect) is any congenital defect of the _________ and ________  _________ as a result of abnormal development of the neural tube.

The is no cure for neural tube defects (NTD's), but taking ________  ________ supplements before and during early pregnancy may help reduce occurrence.

Some of the risk factors associated with neural tube defects include which of the following? **Multiple answers

NTD's can be either ________  or  ________.  (Areas of body involved)

Name the four "cranial" neural tube defects. **In alphabetical order

A type of "spinal" neural tube defect where the spine fails to close properly is called ________  ________.

There are three different degrees of spina bifida.  Name them from least severe to the most severe.

The hollow center of the neural tube is called the neural ________.  The cranial end becomes the ________ and the caudal end becomes the ________  ________.

The most severe form of "cranial" NTD characterized by: 1) major portions of the cranium and intracranial structures being absent 2) orbits and face are present (bulging eyes) 3) polyhydramnios 4) macroglossia 5) very short neck

A "cranial" NTD that is characterized by abnormal openings in the skull through which the brain tissue protrudes.  It is associated with hydrocephalus, spina bifida, and polyhydramnios.

The most common location in the skull for an encephalocele to occur is:

Encephalocele can resemble a cystic hygroma.

_____________ is a cranial NTD characterized by partial or complete absence of the calvarium (skull cap) with complete but abnormal development of the brain.  Sonographic findings would include: brain tissue with no evidence of calvarium, unable to obtain BPD, and floating brain. **Fully formed brain but it's abnormal.

____________ is a neural tube defect characterized by exaggerated spinal lordosis, extreme retroflexion of the head, and cervical rachischisis (spina bifida).