Network Data Communications Finals

RFP stands for Request for Proposal. This term is commonly used in business and procurement processes. When a company or organization is looking to purchase goods or services, they issue an RFP to potential suppliers or vendors. The RFP outlines the requirements and specifications for the desired product or service and invites the vendors to submit a proposal detailing how they would meet those requirements. The company can then evaluate the proposals and choose the vendor that best meets their needs.

The given statement is true. A threat to the data communications network refers to any potential occurrence that can cause harm, disrupt the systems utilizing the network, or result in financial loss for the organization. This can include various forms of attacks such as hacking, malware, data breaches, or physical damage to the network infrastructure. It is important for organizations to be aware of these threats and implement appropriate security measures to protect their data communications network.

A brute-force attack is a method of trying to guess the correct password by systematically trying every possible key. This approach involves trying all possible combinations of characters until the correct password is found. It is a time-consuming process, but it can be effective if the password is weak or if the attacker has enough computational power. Therefore, the statement "A brute-force attack is a method of trying to guess the correct password by trying every possible key" is true.

This statement is true because security on a network involves not only preventing unauthorized access by hackers but also ensuring the availability and continuity of services. In addition to protecting against external threats, network security measures should also include plans and mechanisms to recover from temporary service disruptions or natural disasters. This ensures that even if there is a temporary problem or a disaster, the network can be restored and services can resume as quickly as possible.

Business continuity planning is a process that focuses on ensuring the availability of essential business functions and processes during and after a disaster or disruption. It involves developing strategies, procedures, and systems to minimize downtime and maintain operations. While data integrity is also important in business continuity planning, it is not the primary focus. Therefore, the statement that business continuity planning primarily refers to ensuring availability, with some aspects of data integrity, is true.

A patch is a software solution that is used to fix or correct a security hole. It is a common practice in the software industry to release patches to address vulnerabilities and improve the security of a software system. These patches are typically developed and released by the software vendor or developer to ensure that users have the latest and most secure version of the software. Therefore, the statement "A patch is a software solution to correct a security hole" is true.

The statement suggests that network requirements can be categorized into three types: mandatory, desirable, and wish-list requirements. This implies that there are certain requirements that are necessary for the network to function properly (mandatory), some that are preferred but not essential (desirable), and others that are simply desired but not necessary (wish-list). This categorization helps in prioritizing and planning the network design and implementation.

A commodity product or service refers to something that is easily accessible and readily available in the market. Since it is widely available, there is a high level of competition among providers, which results in low profit margins. This is because customers have many options to choose from, leading to price competition and lower profitability for providers. Therefore, the statement "A commodity product or service is one that is widely available and thus offers low profit margins to its providers" is true.

Social engineering refers to breaking security simply by asking

Encryption is a method of disguising information through algorithms to prevent intrusion. It involves converting data into a code that can only be accessed or understood by authorized parties who possess the decryption key. This ensures that even if unauthorized individuals gain access to the data, they would not be able to understand or use it without the key. Encryption is widely used in various fields, such as communication, banking, and cybersecurity, to protect sensitive information from being intercepted or compromised.

A threat refers to any potential adverse occurrence that can cause harm or interrupt the system using the network, leading to monetary loss for the organization. It can be any malicious activity or event that poses a risk to the organization's assets and security.

IP spoofing refers to the act of deceiving the target computer and any firewall in between, making them believe that the messages being sent from the intruder's computer are actually originating from an authorized user within the organization's network. This technique allows the attacker to bypass security measures and gain unauthorized access to sensitive information or carry out malicious activities without being detected easily.

Network designers tend to err on the side of building too small a network because it is easier and more cost-effective to expand a small network than to deal with the challenges of managing and troubleshooting a large network. Building a small network initially allows for better control and scalability, as resources can be easily added or adjusted as needed. Additionally, a smaller network reduces the risk of congestion and performance issues, ensuring better overall network performance and user experience.

Computer forensics refers to the use of computer analysis techniques to gather evidence for criminal and/or civil trials. It involves collecting, analyzing, and preserving digital evidence from computers and other digital devices. This process helps investigators uncover and document potential digital crimes, such as hacking, data breaches, or cyberattacks, and provides valuable evidence that can be used in legal proceedings. By examining digital artifacts, logs, and other data, computer forensics experts can reconstruct events, identify perpetrators, and support or refute claims in court.

Incidents of intrusion often involve employees of the organization, surprisingly enough. This means that employees are the ones who are responsible for unauthorized access or entry into the organization's systems, networks, or physical premises. It is surprising because one would expect outsiders or hackers to be the main perpetrators of intrusion, but in many cases, employees themselves may engage in such activities, either intentionally or unintentionally. This highlights the importance of implementing strong security measures and ensuring proper employee training to prevent and detect intrusions.

The two main types of security problems are business continuity and intrusion. Business continuity refers to the ability of a company to continue its operations and services in the face of disruptions or disasters. This includes having plans and measures in place to prevent and recover from incidents that could impact the organization's ability to function. On the other hand, intrusion refers to unauthorized access or attacks on a company's systems, networks, or data. This includes activities such as hacking, malware infections, and data breaches. Both business continuity and intrusion are critical aspects of security that organizations need to address to protect their assets and maintain their operations.

worked well for slowly evolving networks

A NAT Proxy Server is a type of application level firewall that operates in a transparent manner, meaning it goes unnoticed by other computers on the network. This server acts as an intermediary between the internal network and external network, translating IP addresses and ports to allow communication while hiding the internal network's true identity. It provides an extra layer of security by concealing the internal network from potential threats and unauthorized access.

Network address translation (NAT) refers to the process of translating between one set of private addresses inside a network and a set of public addresses outside the network. This allows multiple devices with private IP addresses to share a single public IP address, conserving the limited pool of available public addresses. NAT is commonly used in home and small office networks to enable internet connectivity for multiple devices using a single internet connection.

Network designers estimate costs for the proposed network by considering various factors such as software, hardware, purchasing and installing circuits, and circuits provided by common carriers. However, users' furniture is not a main item for which network designers estimate costs. The cost of users' furniture is typically not directly related to the network infrastructure and is usually the responsibility of the users themselves.

creates simpler, more convenient products or services that start by meeting the needs of less-demanding customers

the cost of IT staff

means that traffic increases much FASTER than originally forecast

Detective controls are designed to identify and detect unwanted events or activities that may occur within an organization's systems or processes. These controls are proactive in nature and aim to identify potential risks or threats before they can cause significant harm or damage. By implementing detective controls, organizations can quickly identify and respond to any unwanted events, allowing them to take appropriate action to mitigate the impact and prevent future occurrences.

The network designer considers the relative cost of the technologies in order to make an informed decision about which technology to choose. This involves evaluating the cost of implementing and maintaining each technology and comparing it to the benefits it provides. By conducting a cost assessment, the designer can determine the most cost-effective solution for the network design.

A sniffer program is a program that records all LAN messages received for later (unauthorized) analysis. This program is designed to capture and analyze network traffic, allowing users to monitor and analyze the data being transmitted over a network. It can be used for various purposes, including troubleshooting network issues, monitoring network performance, and even unauthorized surveillance.

IP Spoofing

fault-tolerant

A mission critical application refers to an information system that is crucial for the survival and functioning of an organization. It is a software application or system that performs essential tasks and supports core business operations. Failure or disruption of a mission critical application can have severe consequences for the organization, leading to significant financial losses, reputational damage, and operational inefficiencies. Therefore, ensuring the reliability, availability, and performance of such applications is of utmost importance for the organization's overall success and continuity.

Cloud computing services are typically offered over a web interface, making them easily accessible from any device with an internet connection. This allows users to access the services remotely without the need for physical infrastructure. However, the fact that cloud computing services are offered over a web interface is not an essential characteristic of cloud computing. The essential characteristics include accessibility over a network, rapid scalability of resources, the ability to keep precise records of resource consumption, and the sharing of resources among multiple users simultaneously.

The key deliverable for the needs assessment stage, the set of logical network diagrams, includes the applications of the proposed network, servers in the proposed network, circuits in the proposed network, and clients in the proposed network. These components are essential to understanding and visualizing the structure and functionality of the proposed network. However, specific routers that have been chosen to implement the proposed network are not included in the key deliverable for the needs assessment stage.