NCLEX Pn Hardest Exam: Quiz!

1. The nurse is teaching the parents of a 3 month-old infant about nutrition. What is the main source of fluids for an infant until about 12 months of age?

Formula or breast milk

Dilute nonfat dry milk

Warmed fruit juice

Fluoridated tap water

Formula or breast milk are the perfect food and source of nutrients and liquids up to 1 year of age.

Explanation

Formula or breast milk are the perfect food and source of nutrients and liquids up to 1 year of age.

2. While the nurse is administering medications to a client, the client states "I do not want to take that medicine today." Which of the following responses by the nurse would be best?

“That’s OK, its all right to skip your medication now and then.”

“I will have to call your doctor and report this.”

“Is there a reason why you don’t want to take your medicine?”

“Do you understand the consequences of refusing your prescribed treatment?”

When a new problem is identified, it is important for the nurse to collect accurate assessment data. This is crucial to ensure that client needs are adequately identified in order to select the best nursing care approaches. The nurse should try to discover the reason for the refusal which may be that the client has developed untoward side effects.

Explanation

When a new problem is identified, it is important for the nurse to collect accurate assessment data. This is crucial to ensure that client needs are adequately identified in order to select the best nursing care approaches. The nurse should try to discover the reason for the refusal which may be that the client has developed untoward side effects.

3. The nurse is assessing a client who states her last menstrual period was March 17, and she has missed one period. She reports episodes of nausea and vomiting. Pregancy is confirmed by a urine test. What will the nurse calculate as the estimated date of delivery (EDD)?

November 8

May 15

February 21

December 24

Naegele’s rule: add 7 days and subtract 3 months from the first day of the last regular menstrual period to calculate the estimated date of delivery.

Explanation

Naegele’s rule: add 7 days and subtract 3 months from the first day of the last regular menstrual period to calculate the estimated date of delivery.

4. Which action by the mother of a preschooler would indicate a disturbing family interaction?

Tells her child that if he does not sit down and shut up she will leave him there.

Explains that the injection will burn like abee sting.

Ells her child that the injection can be given while he’s in her lap

Reassures child that it is acceptable to cry.

Threatening a child with abandonment will destroy the child’s trust in his family

Explanation

Threatening a child with abandonment will destroy the child’s trust in his family

5. The nurse is assessing a 4 month-old infant. Which motor skill would the nurse anticipate finding?

Hold a rattle

Bang two blocks

Drink from a cup

Wave “bye-bye”

The age at which a baby will develop the skill of grasping a toy with help is 4 to 6 months.

Explanation

The age at which a baby will develop the skill of grasping a toy with help is 4 to 6 months.

6. Which technique would be best in caring for a client following receiving a diagnosis of a state IV tumor in the brain?

Offering the client pamphlets on support groups for brain cancer

Asking the client if there is anything he or his family needs

Reminding the client that advances in technology are occurring everyday

Providing accurate information about the disease and treatment options

Providing information for the client is the best technique for a new diagnosis.

Explanation

Providing information for the client is the best technique for a new diagnosis.

7. An 8.5 lb, 6 oz infant is delivered to a diabetic mother. Which nursing intervention would be implemented when the neonate becomes jittery and lethargic?

Administer insulin

Administer oxygen

Feed the infant glucose water (10%)

Place infant in a warmer

After birth, the infant of a diabetic mother is often hypoglycemic.

Explanation

After birth, the infant of a diabetic mother is often hypoglycemic.

8. The nurse should recognize that all of the following physical changes of the head and face are associated with the aging client except:

Pronounced wrinkles on the face.

Decreased size of the nose and ears.

Increased growth of facial hair.

Neck wrinkles.

The nose and ears of the aging client actually become longer and broader. The chin line is also altered. Wrinkles on the face become more pronounced and tend to take on the general mood of the client over the years. For example laugh or frown wrinkles about the eyebrows, lips, cheeks, and outer edges of the eye orbit. The change in the androgen-estrogen ration causes an increase in growth of facial hair in most elder adults. The aging process shortens the platysma muscle, which contributes to neck wrinkles.

Explanation

The nose and ears of the aging client actually become longer and broader. The chin line is also altered. Wrinkles on the face become more pronounced and tend to take on the general mood of the client over the years. For example laugh or frown wrinkles about the eyebrows, lips, cheeks, and outer edges of the eye orbit. The change in the androgen-estrogen ration causes an increase in growth of facial hair in most elder adults. The aging process shortens the platysma muscle, which contributes to neck wrinkles.

9. Which of these statements, when made by the nurse, is most effective when communicating with a 4-year-old?

“Tell me where you hurt.”

“Other children like having their blood pressure taken.”

“This will be like having a little stick in your arm.”

“Anything you tell me is confidential.”

Four-year-olds are egocentric and interested in having the focus on themselves. They will not be interested in what it feels like to other children. Preschoolers are concrete thinkers and would literally interpret any analogies so they are not helpful in explaining procedures. Assurance of confidential communication is most appropriate for the adolescent. In addition, confidentiality is not maintained if the child plans to harm themselves, harm someone else, or discloses abuse.

Explanation

Four-year-olds are egocentric and interested in having the focus on themselves. They will not be interested in what it feels like to other children. Preschoolers are concrete thinkers and would literally interpret any analogies so they are not helpful in explaining procedures. Assurance of confidential communication is most appropriate for the adolescent. In addition, confidentiality is not maintained if the child plans to harm themselves, harm someone else, or discloses abuse.

10. During history, which information from a 21-year-old client would indicate a risk for the development of testicular cancer?

Genital Herpes

Hydrocele

Measles

Undescended testicle

Undescended testicles make the client a high risk for testicular cancer. Mumps, inguinal hernia in childhood, orchitis, and testicular cancer in the contra lateral testis are other predisposing factors.

Explanation

Undescended testicles make the client a high risk for testicular cancer. Mumps, inguinal hernia in childhood, orchitis, and testicular cancer in the contra lateral testis are other predisposing factors.

11. What equipment would be necessary to complete an evaluation of cranial nerves 9 and 10 during a physical assessment?

A cotton ball

A pen light

An ophthalmoscope

A tongue depressor and flashlight

Cranial nerves 9 and 10 are the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. The gag reflex would be evaluated.

Explanation

Cranial nerves 9 and 10 are the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves. The gag reflex would be evaluated.

12. A client is admitted to the hospital with a history of confusion. The client has difficulty remembering recent events and becomes disoriented when away from home. Which statement would provide the bestreality orientation for this client?

“Good morning. Do you remember where you are?”

“Hello. My name is Elaine Jones and I am your nurse for today.”

"How are you today? Remember, you’re in the hospital.”

“Good morning. You’re in the hospital. I am your nurse Elaine Jones.”

As cognitive ability declines, the nurse provides a calm, predictable environment for the client. This response establishes time, location and the caregivers name.

Explanation

As cognitive ability declines, the nurse provides a calm, predictable environment for the client. This response establishes time, location and the caregivers name.

13. The nurse assesses a prolonged late deceleration of the fetal heart rate while the client is receiving oxytocin (Pitocin) IV to stimulate labor. The priority nursing intervention would be to:

Turn off the infusion

Turn the client to the left

Change the fluid to Ringer’s Lactate

Increase mainline IV rate

Stopping the infusion will decrease contractions and possibly remove uterine pressure on the fetus, which is a possible cause of the deceleration.

Explanation

Stopping the infusion will decrease contractions and possibly remove uterine pressure on the fetus, which is a possible cause of the deceleration.

14. A 64 year-old client scheduled for surgery with a general anesthetic refuses to remove a set of dentures prior to leaving the unit for the operating room. What would be the most appropriate intervention by the nurse?

Ask the client if there are second thoughts about having the procedure

Notify the anesthesia department and the surgeon of the client’s refusal

Ask the client if the preference would be to remove the dentures in the operating room receiving area

Clients anticipating surgery may experience a variety of fears. This choice allows the client control over the situation and fosters the client’s sense of self-esteem and self-concept.

Explanation

Clients anticipating surgery may experience a variety of fears. This choice allows the client control over the situation and fosters the client’s sense of self-esteem and self-concept.

15. When observing 4-year-old children playing in the hospital playroom, what activity would the nurse expect to see the children participating in?

Competitive board games with older children

Playing with their own toys along side with other children

Playing alone with hand held computer games

Playing cooperatively with other preschoolers

Playing cooperatively with other preschoolers. Cooperative play is typical of the late preschool period.

Explanation

Playing cooperatively with other preschoolers. Cooperative play is typical of the late preschool period.

16. What question would be most important to ask a male client who is in for a digital rectal examination?

“Have you noticed a change in the force of the urinary system?”

“Have you noticed a change in tolerance of certain foods in your diet?”

“Do you notice polyuria in the AM?”

“Do you notice any burning with urination or any odor to the urine?”

This change would be most indicative of a potential complication with (BPH) benign prostate hypertrophy.

Explanation

This change would be most indicative of a potential complication with (BPH) benign prostate hypertrophy.

17. While performing a physical examination on a newborn, which assessment should be reported to the physician?

Head circumference of 40 cm

Chest circumference of 32 cm

Acrocyanosis and edema of the scalp

Heart rate of 160 and respirations of 40

Average circumference of the head for a neonate ranges between 32 to 36 cm. An increase in size may indicate hydrocephaly or increased intracranial pressure.

Explanation

Average circumference of the head for a neonate ranges between 32 to 36 cm. An increase in size may indicate hydrocephaly or increased intracranial pressure.

18. When assessing a newborn whose mother consumed alcohol during the pregnancy, the nurse would assess for which of these clinical manifestations?

Wide-spaced eyes, smooth filtrum, flattened nose

Strong tongue thrust, short palpebral fissures, simean crease

Negative Babinski sign, hyperreflexia, deafness

Shortened limbs, increased jitteriness, constant sucking

The nurse should anticipate that the infant may have fetal alcohol syndrome and should assess for signs and symptoms of it like wide-spaced eyes, smooth filtrum, flattened nose.

Explanation

The nurse should anticipate that the infant may have fetal alcohol syndrome and should assess for signs and symptoms of it like wide-spaced eyes, smooth filtrum, flattened nose.

19. While caring for a client, the nurse notes a pulsating mass in the client's periumbilical area. Which of the following assessments is appropriate for the nurse to perform?

Measure the length of the mass

Auscultate the mass

Percuss the mass

Palpate the mass

Auscultate the mass. Auscultation of the abdomen and finding a bruit will confirm the presence of an abdominal aneurysm and will form the basis of information given to the provider. The mass should not be palpated because of the risk of rupture.

Explanation

Auscultate the mass. Auscultation of the abdomen and finding a bruit will confirm the presence of an abdominal aneurysm and will form the basis of information given to the provider. The mass should not be palpated because of the risk of rupture.

20. Which nursing approach would be most appropriate to use while administering oral medication to a 4-month-old?

Place medication in 45cc of formula

Place medication in an empty nipple

Place medication in a full bottle of formula

Place in supine position. Administer medication using a plastic syringe

This is a convenient method for administering medications to an infant. Placing in supine position and administering medication using a plastic syringe is partially correct however, the infant is never placed in a reclining position during a procedure due to a potential aspiration.

Explanation

This is a convenient method for administering medications to an infant. Placing in supine position and administering medication using a plastic syringe is partially correct however, the infant is never placed in a reclining position during a procedure due to a potential aspiration.

21. The family of a 6 year-old with a fractured femur asks the nurse if the child's height will be affected by the injury. Which statement is true concerning long bone fractures in children?

Growth problems will occur if the fracture involves the periosteum

Epiphyseal fractures often interrupt a child’s normal growth pattern

Children usually heal very quickly, so growth problems are rare

Adequate blood supply to the bone prevents growth delay after fractures

Epiphyseal fractures often interrupt a child’s normal growth pattern

Explanation

Epiphyseal fractures often interrupt a child’s normal growth pattern

22. All of the following characteristics would indicate to the nurse that an elder client might experience undesirable effects of medicines except:

Increased oxidative enzyme levels.

Alcohol taken with medication.

Medications containing magnesium.

Decreased serum albumin

Oxidative enzyme levels decrease in the elderly, which affects the disposition of medication and can alter the therapeutic effects of medication. Alcohol has a smaller water distribution level in the elderly, resulting in higher blood alcohol levels. Alcohol also interacts with various drugs to either potentate or interfere with their effects. Magnesium is contained in a lot of medications elder clients routinely obtain over the counter. Magnesium toxicity is a real concern. Albumin is the major drug-binding protein. Decreased levels of serum albumin mean that higher levels of the drug remain free and that there are less therapeutic effects and increased drug interactions.

Explanation

Oxidative enzyme levels decrease in the elderly, which affects the disposition of medication and can alter the therapeutic effects of medication. Alcohol has a smaller water distribution level in the elderly, resulting in higher blood alcohol levels. Alcohol also interacts with various drugs to either potentate or interfere with their effects. Magnesium is contained in a lot of medications elder clients routinely obtain over the counter. Magnesium toxicity is a real concern. Albumin is the major drug-binding protein. Decreased levels of serum albumin mean that higher levels of the drug remain free and that there are less therapeutic effects and increased drug interactions.

23. When a client wishes to improve the appearance of their eyes by removing excess skin from the face and neck, the nurse should provide teaching regarding which of the following procedures?

Dermabrasion

Rhinoplasty

Blepharoplasty

Rhytidectomy

Rhytidectomy is the procedure for removing excess skin from the face and neck. It is commonly called a face lift. Dermabrasion involves the spraying of a chemical to cause light freezing of the skin, which is then abraded with sandpaper or a revolving wire brush. It is used to remove facial scars, severe acne, and pigment from tattoos. Rhinoplasty is done to improve the appearance of the nose and involves reshaping the nasal skeleton and overlying skin. Blepharoplasty is the procedure that removes loose and protruding fat from the upper and lower eyelids.

Explanation

Rhytidectomy is the procedure for removing excess skin from the face and neck. It is commonly called a face lift. Dermabrasion involves the spraying of a chemical to cause light freezing of the skin, which is then abraded with sandpaper or a revolving wire brush. It is used to remove facial scars, severe acne, and pigment from tattoos. Rhinoplasty is done to improve the appearance of the nose and involves reshaping the nasal skeleton and overlying skin. Blepharoplasty is the procedure that removes loose and protruding fat from the upper and lower eyelids.

24. Which nursing intervention would be a priority during the care of a 2-month-old after surgery?

Minimize stimuli for the infant

Restrain all extremities

Encourage stroking of the infant

Demonstrate to the mother how she can assist with her infant’s care.

Tactile stimulation is imperative for an infant’s normal emotional development. After the trauma of surgery, sensory deprivation can cause failure to thrive.

Explanation

Tactile stimulation is imperative for an infant’s normal emotional development. After the trauma of surgery, sensory deprivation can cause failure to thrive.