How Much Do You Know About Political Theory? Trivia Quiz

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  • 1/74 Questions

    What is the difference between sex and gender?

    • Sex is biologically determined and gender is socially constructed.
    • Sex is socially constructed and gender is biologically determined.
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About This Quiz

How Much Do You Know About Political Theory? This quiz will help you revise for the Political theory final as it has an in-depth analysis of politics, which is necessary actually some of the basic knowledge to all political science students and those interested in politics in one way or the other. Take it up and see just how much you remember and all the best.

How Much Do You Know About Political Theory? Trivia Quiz - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    True/ False: According to Patemen in "Women and Consent", the relationship between liberalism and patriarchalism affects women because it wrongly implies consent by women and creates an ambiguous status for them as individuals.  

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    According to Patemen in "Women and Consent", the relationship between liberalism and patriarchalism affects women because it wrongly implies consent by women and creates an ambiguous status for them as individuals. This implies that the statement is true, as it aligns with Patemen's argument that the combination of liberalism and patriarchalism leads to the mistreatment and misunderstanding of women's consent and agency.

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  • 3. 

    True or False: Conservatism favors rapid over gradual political change.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Conservatism is a political ideology that typically advocates for maintaining traditional institutions and values, and resisting rapid or radical change. Therefore, it does not favor rapid over gradual political change. Instead, conservatism promotes a cautious and incremental approach to political reform, emphasizing stability and continuity.

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  • 4. 

    True/False: According to Lenin, democracy does not exist under capitalism.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    According to Lenin, democracy does not exist under capitalism. This is because capitalism is based on the exploitation of the working class by the bourgeoisie, who hold the economic and political power. In this system, the ruling class manipulates the democratic institutions to serve their own interests, suppressing the voice and power of the majority. Therefore, Lenin argues that true democracy can only be achieved through the overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of a socialist society.

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  • 5. 

    True/ False: Fanon argues in "The Fact of Blackness" that 'blackness' is a socially constructed identity that is thrust upon people based on pre-determined images and ideas.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    In "The Fact of Blackness," Fanon indeed argues that 'blackness' is a socially constructed identity imposed on individuals through predetermined images and ideas. He explores how black people are objectified and dehumanized, reduced to stereotypes and prejudices created by the dominant white society. Fanon emphasizes the need for black individuals to reclaim their own identities and resist the oppressive structures that perpetuate their marginalization. Thus, the correct answer is true.

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  • 6. 

    According to the introduction to Chapter 6, what is the main difference between Saint Augustine’s and Thomas Hobbes’s assumptions about human nature? 

    • Hobbes derived his ideas about human nature by trying to see man from a divine perspective, whereas St. Augustine derived his by trying to see man in a natural condition.

    • St. Augustine derived his ideas about human nature by trying to see man from a divine perspective, whereas Hobbes derived his by trying to see man in a natural condition.

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. St. Augustine derived his ideas about human nature by trying to see man from a divine perspective, whereas Hobbes derived his by trying to see man in a natural condition.
    Explanation
    The main difference between Saint Augustine's and Thomas Hobbes's assumptions about human nature is that St. Augustine derived his ideas by trying to see man from a divine perspective, whereas Hobbes derived his by trying to see man in a natural condition. This means that St. Augustine believed that human nature is influenced by divine factors, while Hobbes believed that human nature is influenced by natural factors.

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  • 7. 

    True/False: According to Tsing's article, plantations were the engine of European expansion.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    According to Tsing's article, plantations played a crucial role in driving European expansion. These large-scale agricultural estates, typically established in colonies, were primarily focused on cash crop production and relied heavily on slave labor. Plantations provided immense wealth to European powers, fueling their economic growth, and played a significant role in shaping colonial societies and economies. Therefore, it can be concluded that plantations were indeed the engine of European expansion, making the answer "True" accurate.

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  • 8. 

    According to Page and Simmons, which of the following should be a function of government?

    • Create and enforce property rights

    • Create, alter, and modify markets

    • Promoting economic growth and stability

    • Reduce poverty and inequality

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    According to Page and Simmons, government should be responsible for creating and enforcing property rights, creating, altering, and modifying markets, promoting economic growth and stability, as well as reducing poverty and inequality. This means that the government should play a role in establishing and protecting property rights, regulating and shaping markets, and taking measures to promote a healthy and stable economy. Additionally, the government should also work towards reducing poverty and inequality within the society. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above."

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  • 9. 

    True/False: According to Robert Dahl, “Guardianship” is the view that ordinary people are not qualified to govern themselves, and thus rulers ought to be entrusted to a minority of persons who are qualified to govern by reason and their superior knowledge and virtue.  

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    According to Robert Dahl, "Guardianship" is the belief that ordinary people are not capable of governing themselves and should instead be governed by a select few who possess superior knowledge, reason, and virtue. This implies that Dahl agrees with the statement and believes that rulers should be entrusted to a minority of qualified individuals rather than ordinary citizens.

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  • 10. 

    True/False: According to Gutmann and Thompson, “What Deliberative Democracy Means,” deliberative democracy affirms the need to justify decisions made by citizens and their representatives, and the both are expected to justify the laws they would impose on one another.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Gutmann and Thompson argue that deliberative democracy emphasizes the importance of justifying decisions made by citizens and their representatives. They believe that both citizens and representatives should be able to provide justifications for the laws they would impose on each other. This implies that in a deliberative democracy, the process of decision-making involves rational deliberation and the exchange of reasons and justifications. Therefore, the statement is true according to Gutmann and Thompson's perspective on deliberative democracy.

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  • 11. 

    Which of the following best describes the two realms as presented by Plato?

    • A sensory realm which is imperfect and changing and an ideal realm that is perfect and unchanging.

    • A sensory realm which is perfect and unchanging and an ideal realm that is changing and imperfect.

    Correct Answer
    A. A sensory realm which is imperfect and changing and an ideal realm that is perfect and unchanging.
    Explanation
    Plato believed in the existence of two realms: the sensory realm and the ideal realm. The sensory realm is characterized as imperfect and changing because it is the realm of the physical world that we perceive through our senses, which are limited and subject to error. On the other hand, the ideal realm is described as perfect and unchanging because it is the realm of abstract concepts and forms, which are eternal and immutable. This answer accurately captures Plato's view on the nature of these two realms.

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  • 12. 

    True/False: According to Friedrich Engles' “Marx’s Materialist Conception of History”, the final causes of all social changes and political revolutions are changes in the modes of production and exchange.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    According to Friedrich Engles' "Marx's Materialist Conception of History," the final causes of all social changes and political revolutions are changes in the modes of production and exchange. This means that the way goods and services are produced and traded within a society ultimately determines the social and political changes that occur. Engles' theory suggests that economic factors play a crucial role in shaping the course of history, and that changes in the modes of production and exchange are the driving forces behind societal transformations and political revolutions.

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  • 13. 

    According to the APSA (American Political Science Association) Task Force on Inequality and American Democracy, “American Democracy in an Age of Rising Inequality,” economic inequalities in the U.S. result from which of the following causes?

    • Technological development.

    • Transformations in family life.

    • Market forces that promote global integration.

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "All of the above." The APSA Task Force on Inequality and American Democracy states that economic inequalities in the U.S. result from technological development, transformations in family life, and market forces that promote global integration. This suggests that all three causes contribute to the economic inequalities in the country.

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  • 14. 

    According to Andrew Sayer’s Moral Economy and Political Economy, which answer best describes ‘moral economy’?

    • The norms embodied in ‘moral economy’ are only about justice and equality.

    • Moral economy embodies norms and sentiments regarding the responsibilities and rights of individuals and institutions with respect to others.

    • Moral economy can be extended further to include the environment.

    • Moral norms are only present in societies in which there are few or no markets, and not present in pre-capitalist societies.

    • Answers b & c are correct.

    Correct Answer
    A. Answers b & c are correct.
    Explanation
    According to Andrew Sayer's Moral Economy and Political Economy, the concept of 'moral economy' encompasses norms and sentiments related to the responsibilities and rights of individuals and institutions towards others. It includes considerations of justice, equality, and the well-being of society. Additionally, moral economy can also extend to include concerns about the environment. Therefore, both answers b and c accurately describe different aspects of moral economy.

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  • 15. 

    True or false: For socialists, political equality is more important than economic equality.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    The statement "For socialists, political equality is more important than economic equality" is false. Socialists prioritize economic equality over political equality. They believe that a fair and just society can only be achieved by ensuring equal distribution of wealth and resources among all individuals. Economic equality is seen as a means to achieve social justice and eliminate the class divisions that exist in capitalist societies. Political equality, although important, is considered secondary to economic equality in the socialist ideology.

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  • 16. 

    Which of the following is one way in which communism and fascism differ?

    • In fascism, the state disappears and in communism the state gets stronger.

    • In communism, the state disappears and in fascism the state gets stronger.

    • There are no differences.

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. In communism, the state disappears and in fascism the state gets stronger.
    Explanation
    In communism, the state disappears because it is believed that a classless society will eventually be achieved where the state is no longer necessary. On the other hand, in fascism, the state gets stronger as it aims to have complete control over all aspects of society, including the economy and individual freedoms. This fundamental difference in the role and power of the state is what sets communism and fascism apart from each other.

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  • 17. 

    In Karl Marx’s “Estranged Labor”, what does he mean by ‘the worker is related to the product of his labor as an alien object? 

    • The more (time/labor) the worker puts into the object, the more free time he has to spend doing things he enjoys.

    • The less (time/labor) the worker puts into the object, the more likely it is for him to get a promotion.

    • The more (time/labor) the worker puts into the object, the less time he has to spend doing things he enjoys, thus his life no longer belongs to him, but to the object he works on, thus alienating him from his essence..

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. The more (time/labor) the worker puts into the object, the less time he has to spend doing things he enjoys, thus his life no longer belongs to him, but to the object he works on, thus alienating him from his essence..
    Explanation
    In Karl Marx's "Estranged Labor," when he states that the worker is related to the product of his labor as an alien object, he means that the worker becomes disconnected from the fruits of his labor. The more time and effort the worker puts into the object, the less time he has for personal enjoyment and fulfillment. This results in the worker's life no longer belonging to him but to the object he works on, causing him to feel alienated from his true essence and purpose.

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  • 18. 

    True/False: According to Chandra, using European historical experience as a blue print for the political future of countries outside of Europe is a good idea.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    According to the given answer, using European historical experience as a blueprint for the political future of countries outside of Europe is not a good idea. This implies that Chandra does not support the notion of replicating European history in non-European countries' political systems.

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  • 19. 

    Which of the following best describes the bourgeoisie class?

    • Factory Workers

    • The Homeless

    • Factory Owners

    • None of the Above

    Correct Answer
    A. Factory Owners
    Explanation
    The bourgeoisie class refers to the social class that owns and controls the means of production, including factories. They are typically associated with the capitalist system and are known for their ownership of capital and wealth. Therefore, the answer "Factory Owners" best describes the bourgeoisie class.

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  • 20. 

    In “Progress and Poverty Without Marx”, Harrison argues that which of the following explain differences in political, economic, and social development among countries?

    • Ethical Codes

    • Ways in which authority is exercised

    • Value attached to work, innovation and planning

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "All of the above." In "Progress and Poverty Without Marx," Harrison argues that differences in political, economic, and social development among countries can be explained by ethical codes, ways in which authority is exercised, and the value attached to work, innovation, and planning. These factors play a significant role in shaping the development of countries and their societies.

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  • 21. 

    According to John Stuart Mill, when should an individual’s liberty be limited?  

    • It should never be limited

    • When his actions or opinions make him a nuisance to other people

    • When there is too much diversity of opinion

    • It should always be limited

    Correct Answer
    A. When his actions or opinions make him a nuisance to other people
    Explanation
    John Stuart Mill believed that an individual's liberty should be limited when their actions or opinions become a nuisance to other people. This means that if someone's actions or opinions start causing harm or infringing upon the rights of others, their liberty can be restricted. Mill argued that this limitation is necessary in order to protect the well-being and freedom of others in society.

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  • 22. 

    Why, according to Okin, do theories of justice often neglect gender inequalities?

    • Because family structure does not matter when talking about justice.

    • Theorists assume a traditional gender structured family.

    • Theorists use gender-neutral language in a false way.

    • B & C only

    Correct Answer
    A. B & C only
    Explanation
    According to Okin, theories of justice often neglect gender inequalities because theorists assume a traditional gender structured family and use gender-neutral language in a false way. This means that they fail to consider the specific ways in which gender inequalities manifest in society and how they intersect with issues of justice.

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  • 23. 

    True or false: According to Locke, individuals have more freedom in the state of nature than in political society.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Locke believed that individuals have more freedom in the state of nature than in political society. In the state of nature, individuals are free to do as they please and are not bound by any laws or government authority. However, in political society, individuals enter into a social contract and agree to give up some of their freedom in exchange for protection and the benefits of living in a society governed by laws. Therefore, according to Locke, individuals have more freedom in the state of nature than in political society.

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  • 24. 

    According to Plato in “The Theory of Forms”, there are four processes in the soul. Which of the following is not a process?

    • Understanding

    • Reasoning

    • Greed

    • Imagination

    Correct Answer
    A. Greed
    Explanation
    According to Plato's "The Theory of Forms", the soul consists of four processes: understanding, reasoning, imagination, and greed. However, greed is not considered a process in the soul. Plato believed that understanding allows us to comprehend the true nature of things, reasoning helps us make logical judgments, and imagination enables us to create mental images. Greed, on the other hand, is considered a negative trait driven by excessive desire for material possessions, rather than a cognitive process of the soul.

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  • 25. 

    According to Rousseau, “On the General Will”, which of the following characteristics describe/explain the General Will?

    • The general will tends towards equality.

    • The general will is different from particular will.

    • The general will looks towards the common interest and what is best for the given polity.

    • All of the above are accurate.

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above are accurate.
    Explanation
    The given answer is accurate because Rousseau argues that the general will is the collective will of the people, which is focused on the common interest and what is best for the society as a whole. It is different from the particular wills of individuals or groups, as it represents the general consensus and aims for equality among all members of the polity. Therefore, all of the characteristics mentioned in the options accurately describe and explain the concept of the general will according to Rousseau.

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  • 26. 

    What was the old republicanism's main goal?

    • To produce well informed citizens that know right from wrong.

    • To cultivate strong leaders

    • To cultivate virtues of self-rule through citizenship

    • A & C only

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. A & C only
    Explanation
    The main goal of old republicanism was to produce well-informed citizens who have a clear understanding of right and wrong, as well as to cultivate virtues of self-rule through citizenship. This means that the focus was on educating individuals about their rights and responsibilities as citizens, and fostering a sense of civic duty and participation. By doing so, the old republicanism aimed to create a society in which citizens were actively engaged in the decision-making process and were able to govern themselves effectively.

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  • 27. 

    True/False: T. H. Huxley in “Evolution and Ethics” questions the notion that, on a whole, plants and animals have sought perfection in organization by means of the struggle for existence and “survival of the fittest”, and thus men, as ethical beings, must follow the same process to help them reach perfection.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    In "Evolution and Ethics," T. H. Huxley questions the idea that plants and animals have strived for perfection through the struggle for existence and survival of the fittest. He argues that humans, as ethical beings, should also follow this process to attain perfection. Therefore, the correct answer is true.

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  • 28. 

    For Mills, what is the major difference between the social contract and the domination contract?

    • The social contract is for whites, while that domination contract is for non-whites

    • The domination contract is new, while the social contract is old

    • The social contract ignores race while the domination contract foregrounds it

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. The social contract ignores race while the domination contract foregrounds it
    Explanation
    The major difference between the social contract and the domination contract is that the social contract ignores race, while the domination contract foregrounds it. The social contract is a concept that focuses on the agreement between individuals and the state, emphasizing the rights and responsibilities of citizens. In contrast, the domination contract highlights the power dynamics and systemic inequalities based on race, acknowledging the oppressive structures that exist in society. This highlights a fundamental distinction in how these two contracts perceive and address the issue of race.

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  • 29. 

    For Lowi, which of the following explains the rise of interest-groups in the twentieth-century American-Politics?

    • Increasing political demands from different groups in society

    • Divergence between expectations of equity and realities of unequal economic growth

    • The decline of capitalism as the major ideology and public philosophy in America

    • All of the Above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the Above
    Explanation
    The rise of interest-groups in twentieth-century American politics can be explained by all of the above reasons. Increasing political demands from different groups in society means that various groups started to organize and advocate for their interests, leading to the formation of interest-groups. The divergence between expectations of equity and realities of unequal economic growth also contributed to the rise of interest-groups as people sought to address these inequalities. Additionally, the decline of capitalism as the major ideology and public philosophy in America created space for the emergence of alternative ideologies and interest-groups.

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  • 30. 

    Given the reliance of candidates on high-priced consultants and expensive media advertisements, what is the oxygen of today’s elections, according to the APSA Task Force on Inequality and American Democracy?

    • Honesty

    • Political Power

    • Money

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Money
    Explanation
    The APSA Task Force on Inequality and American Democracy states that money is the oxygen of today's elections. This suggests that candidates heavily rely on high-priced consultants and expensive media advertisements, indicating that financial resources play a crucial role in determining the success of political campaigns. The answer implies that money is the driving force behind election campaigns, influencing the candidates' strategies and ultimately shaping the outcome of elections.

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  • 31. 

    True/False: Milton Friedman believes that governments should be much more than just rule-makers and umpires and should always control all matters (economic and political).

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Milton Friedman does not believe that governments should always control all matters, both economic and political. He was a proponent of limited government intervention and believed in free-market capitalism. According to Friedman, governments should primarily focus on maintaining the rule of law, enforcing contracts, and protecting individual rights, while leaving economic decisions to the market forces. Therefore, the given answer, False, aligns with Friedman's beliefs.

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  • 32. 

    True or false: Anarchists believe that governments are necessary only for war and public safety purposes.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Anarchists believe that governments are not necessary, even for war and public safety purposes. They argue that governments are inherently oppressive and that individuals can self-govern and organize society without the need for a centralized authority. Anarchists advocate for a society based on voluntary cooperation, mutual aid, and decentralized decision-making. They believe that people can collectively address issues of war and public safety through grassroots movements, community organizing, and non-hierarchical structures. Therefore, the statement that anarchists believe governments are necessary for war and public safety purposes is false.

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  • 33. 

    According to Naess, why is science inadequate to assess the deterioration of nature?

    • Science is imperfect.

    • It only focuses on facts, not values.

    • It does not acknowledge negative changes.

    • Science is concerned with deep ecology rather than shallow ecology.

    Correct Answer
    A. It only focuses on facts, not values.
    Explanation
    Naess believes that science is inadequate to assess the deterioration of nature because it only focuses on facts and does not consider values. Science is objective and relies on empirical evidence, but it does not take into account the subjective and ethical aspects of nature's deterioration. Naess argues that understanding the value and importance of nature requires a broader perspective that goes beyond scientific analysis.

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  • 34. 

    True or False: According to Rousseau, the general will and the will of all describe the same thing.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    According to Rousseau, the general will and the will of all do not describe the same thing. Rousseau believed that the general will represents the collective and common interest of the entire community, while the will of all refers to the individual desires and preferences of the members of the community. Rousseau argued that the general will should always be prioritized over the will of all in order to promote the common good and maintain social harmony. Therefore, the statement that the general will and the will of all describe the same thing is false.

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  • 35. 

    True/False: According to Herbert Dean’s “St. Augustine’s Conception of Fallen Men, the first man was created good, but not incorruptibly good; and was given the gift of free will, in which he can chose to obey or disobey God’s command. 

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    According to Herbert Dean's "St. Augustine's Conception of Fallen Men," the first man was created good, but not incorruptibly good. He was given the gift of free will, which means he had the ability to choose to obey or disobey God's command. This suggests that the statement "True" is the correct answer.

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  • 36. 

    According to Thomas Hobbes in “The Natural Condition of Mankind”, without government (civil states), and without a common power to keep men in awe, men live in a condition called what? 

    • Instability

    • Peace

    • War

    • Confusion

    Correct Answer
    A. War
    Explanation
    According to Thomas Hobbes, without government and a common power to keep men in awe, men live in a state of war. In this state, there is no stability or peace, but rather a constant state of conflict and chaos. Hobbes believed that the absence of a governing authority would lead to a "war of all against all", where individuals would constantly be in competition and conflict with each other for resources and power.

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  • 37. 

    True/ False: According to Partha Chatterjee, one challenge squatters faced was giving the group the moral attributes of a community despite different backgrounds/ values.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Partha Chatterjee argues that squatters faced the challenge of creating a sense of community despite their diverse backgrounds and values. This means that they had to find a way to unite and establish shared moral attributes within the group, despite their differences. This suggests that the statement is true.

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  • 38. 

    According to the introduction of Chapter 5, which of the following is not among the four philosophical assumptions about foundational bases for political principles?

    • Human Nature

    • The Nature of Society

    • Epistemological Foundations

    • Ultimate Reality

    • All of the above are correct

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above are correct
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "All of the above are correct" because the question asks for the option that is not among the four philosophical assumptions about foundational bases for political principles. Since all of the options listed (Human Nature, The Nature of Society, Epistemological Foundations, Ultimate Reality) are actually among the four assumptions, none of them can be considered as the correct answer.

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  • 39. 

    According to Bhikhu Parekh, “Conceptualizing Human Nature”, it is important to first agree on the definition of human nature, thus human nature refers to what? 

    • Permanent and universal capacities, desires and dispositions that all human beings share by virtue of belonging to a common species

    • Virtues that are universal in that human beings share them in all ages and societies.

    • The properties that are acquired by virtue of belonging to the human species and that are not socially or culturally derived.

    • Virtues that belong to human beings ‘by nature’ as part of their inherited physical and psychological constitution.

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "All of the above" because Bhikhu Parekh argues that human nature encompasses permanent and universal capacities, desires, and dispositions that all human beings share by virtue of belonging to a common species. It also includes virtues that are universal and shared by human beings in all ages and societies. Additionally, human nature consists of properties that are acquired by virtue of belonging to the human species and are not socially or culturally derived. Lastly, it involves virtues that are inherent to human beings as part of their inherited physical and psychological constitution.

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  • 40. 

    According to Scott, what does the Greek term "métis" mean?

    • Politically knowledgable.

    • Cunning intelligence, or more specifically, the term refers to a wide array of practical skills and acquired intelligence in response to a constantly change human and natural environment.

    • Well-read of specifically 'respectable' work that further enriches the human mind, not work that does not spark curiosity and discussion.

    • None of the above.

    Correct Answer
    A. Cunning intelligence, or more specifically, the term refers to a wide array of practical skills and acquired intelligence in response to a constantly change human and natural environment.
    Explanation
    The Greek term "métis" according to Scott means cunning intelligence. It refers to a wide array of practical skills and acquired intelligence in response to a constantly changing human and natural environment.

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  • 41. 

    Why do many political and social theorists continue to believe that small political communities work best as opposed to larger ones?  

    • Smaller communities promote stronger neighbor relationships.

    • Smaller communities have many advantages for business.

    • Smaller communities are more environmentally sustainable.

    • Smaller communities invite citizen participation in ways that are foreclosed to larger ones.

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    Many political and social theorists continue to believe that small political communities work best as opposed to larger ones because smaller communities promote stronger neighbor relationships, have many advantages for business, are more environmentally sustainable, and invite citizen participation in ways that are foreclosed to larger ones.

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  • 42. 

    Which of the following is not a key belief of conservatism according to Kekes?

    • Skepticism

    • Pluralism

    • Traditionalism

    • Socialism

    Correct Answer
    A. Socialism
    Explanation
    According to Kekes, socialism is not a key belief of conservatism. Conservatism is typically associated with beliefs such as skepticism, pluralism, and traditionalism. Socialism, on the other hand, is a political and economic ideology that advocates for collective ownership and control of the means of production, which goes against the principles of conservatism. Therefore, socialism is not considered a key belief of conservatism according to Kekes.

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  • 43. 

    True/False: Robert D. Putnam argues that television has strengthened civic engagement in America.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Robert D. Putnam argues that television has not strengthened civic engagement in America. This is because he believes that television has contributed to the decline of social capital and the weakening of social connections and trust among individuals. According to Putnam, television promotes passive consumption and individualism, rather than active participation in civic activities. He argues that the increase in television viewing time has led to a decrease in participation in community organizations and a decline in political and social involvement. Therefore, the correct answer is False.

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  • 44. 

    True or false: Shklar defines ideology as a "form of untruth.'

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. True
    Explanation
    Shklar defines ideology as a "form of untruth" because she argues that ideologies are often used to manipulate and deceive people. According to Shklar, ideologies present a distorted view of reality and promote false beliefs or values that serve the interests of those in power. She believes that ideologies are dangerous because they can be used to justify oppressive policies and suppress dissenting voices. Therefore, Shklar views ideology as a form of untruth that perpetuates inequality and injustice.

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  • 45. 

    According to Rogers M. Smith, “Toward a Theory of Civic Identities”, citizenship laws emerge from which conflicting political imperatives?

    • To maintain arrangements that support a useful sense of civic identity.

    • To include political friends and exclude foes.

    • To add persons who can help promote the regime’s prosperity and power.

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    According to Rogers M. Smith, citizenship laws emerge from conflicting political imperatives, which include maintaining arrangements that support a useful sense of civic identity, including political friends and excluding foes, and adding persons who can help promote the regime's prosperity and power. All of these factors contribute to the development of citizenship laws.

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  • 46. 

    According to John Rawls’s, “A Kantian Conception of Equality”, which of the following is not a characteristic of a ‘well-ordered’ society?

    • A well-ordered society is effectively regulated by a public conception of justice.

    • Members of a well-ordered society are, and view themselves as, free and equal moral persons

    • A well-ordered society is stable relative to its conception of justice.

    • A well-ordered society is an extension of the idea of religious toleration.

    • All of the above are true

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above are true
    Explanation
    According to John Rawls, a well-ordered society is effectively regulated by a public conception of justice, where members are free and equal moral persons and view themselves as such. Additionally, a well-ordered society is stable relative to its conception of justice. It is also an extension of the idea of religious toleration. Therefore, all of the given characteristics are true for a well-ordered society, making the answer "All of the above are true."

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  • 47. 

    True/False: According to Irving Kristol’s, “A Capitalist Conception of Justice”, since capitalism as a socioeconomic or political system is neither egalitarian nor authoritarian, it is in truth compatible with “social justice”.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    According to Irving Kristol's "A Capitalist Conception of Justice," capitalism is not compatible with "social justice" because it is neither egalitarian nor authoritarian. This means that capitalism does not prioritize equal distribution of resources or government intervention to ensure fairness, which are key components of social justice. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

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  • 48. 

    True or false: For Connolly, pluralism describes a political philosophy in which diverse individuals in a society agree on one homogenous identity.

    • True

    • False

    Correct Answer
    A. False
    Explanation
    Connolly does not describe pluralism as a political philosophy where diverse individuals agree on one homogenous identity. Instead, Connolly's understanding of pluralism emphasizes the coexistence of different identities, perspectives, and interests within a society. Pluralism, according to Connolly, recognizes and values the diversity of individuals and allows for the expression of multiple identities and viewpoints.

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  • 49. 

    According to Sayer, from a normative point of view, the study of moral economy involves what?

    • An evaluation of economic systems.

    • An evaluation of actions and motives in terms of their effect on peoples’ lives.

    • An examination of the standpoints/positions from which critiques are made.

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "All of the above." According to Sayer, the study of moral economy involves evaluating economic systems, actions, and motives in terms of their effect on people's lives, as well as examining the standpoints from which critiques are made. This suggests that from a normative perspective, the study of moral economy encompasses all of these aspects.

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  • Mar 21, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Apr 30, 2016
    Quiz Created by
    Jordanhutchinson
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