Ocular Anatomy Test 1

The given statement is true. Tear drainage through the nasolacrimal system starts at the Lacrimal Lake, which is the collection of tears in the eye. From there, tears pass through the punctum, which is a small opening in the eyelid. They then travel through the lacrimal canaliculus, which are small channels that connect the punctum to the lacrimal sac. The lacrimal sac then leads to the lacrimal duct, which drains tears into the Inferior meatus, a passage in the nose. This is the correct sequence of tear drainage through the nasolacrimal system.

The correct answer is Vascular Tunic. The vascular tunic, also known as the uvea, is the middle layer of the eye. It includes the ciliary body, which is responsible for producing the aqueous humor and controlling the shape of the lens, and the iris, which controls the size of the pupil. This layer is rich in blood vessels, providing nourishment to the eye. The fibrous tunic is the outermost layer of the eye, while the neural tunic is the innermost layer, consisting of the retina.

Lymphangiectasis is a result of drainage impairment. It is a condition characterized by the dilation and dysfunction of lymphatic vessels, leading to the accumulation of lymph fluid. This impairment can occur due to various factors such as blockage or damage to the lymphatic system. Lymphangiectasis can cause symptoms like swelling, pain, and inflammation in the affected area. It is commonly seen in conditions like lymphedema and can be a result of surgical procedures, infections, or congenital abnormalities affecting the lymphatic system.

Parasympathetic innervation refers to the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the body's rest and digest response. This activation leads to an increase in meibomian gland secretion. Meibomian glands are located in the eyelids and produce an oily substance that helps prevent tears from evaporating too quickly. Therefore, it is true that parasympathetic innervation increases meibomian gland secretion.

Upper lid is V1, Lower lid is V1,V2

this is the function of goblet cells

The trochlea, a pulley that the superior oblique muscle passes through, is located on the frontal bone.

Both Jones and Horners are deep muscles that are involved in suctioning tears into the lacrimal sac. Honers muscle is the deep palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi.

A subluxation or sinking of an eye will usually result in a blow out fracture due to a break in the infraorbital groove.

slide 36, vortex arteries don't exist but vortex veins do.

The superior tarsal muscle (of Müller) is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system controls involuntary actions and responses in the body, including the dilation of the pupil, the regulation of blood pressure, and the control of certain muscles. In this case, the sympathetic nervous system innervates the superior tarsal muscle, which is responsible for raising the upper eyelid. This muscle helps to open the eye wider and maintain the position of the eyelid. Therefore, the correct answer is the sympathetic nervous system.

It is considered deep preseptal muscle

All of the arteries mentioned in the options contribute to the blood supply of the lacrimal system. The lacrimal artery supplies blood to the lacrimal gland, which produces tears. The external carotid artery supplies blood to the face, including the lacrimal sac and canaliculi. The internal carotid artery supplies blood to the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct. The infraorbital artery supplies blood to the lacrimal sac, lacrimal canaliculi, and lacrimal sac. Therefore, all of these arteries contribute to the blood supply of the lacrimal system.

The parotid and submandibular glands are involved in the lymphatic drainage of the eyelids. The parotid gland is located near the ear and drains lymph from the upper eyelid, while the submandibular gland is located under the jaw and drains lymph from the lower eyelid. These glands play a role in filtering and removing waste products and toxins from the eyelids, helping to maintain their health and function.

Riolans muscle aids in tarsal gland drainage.

The lacrimal fossa (sac) is located in the maxillary and lacrimal bones. The maxillary bone is one of the largest facial bones and forms the upper jaw, while the lacrimal bone is a small, thin bone located in the medial wall of the orbit. These two bones contribute to the formation of the lacrimal fossa, which houses the lacrimal sac - a structure involved in the drainage of tears from the eye. The other listed bones (sphenoid, frontal, zygomatic, ethmoid) do not contain the lacrimal fossa.

The sebaceous glands are classified as holocrine glands, meaning that they release their secretions by rupturing the entire cell. Both Zeis and Meibomian glands are sebaceous holocrine glands. Zeis glands are found in the eyelids and they secrete an oily substance that helps lubricate the hair follicles. Meibomian glands are also located in the eyelids and they produce an oily substance called meibum, which helps prevent the evaporation of tears and keeps the eyes moisturized. Moll, Wolfring, and Main Lacrimal glands are not sebaceous glands, therefore they are not sebaceous holocrine glands.

CN 4, also known as the trochlear nerve, is responsible for innervating the superior oblique muscle of the eye. This muscle helps in downward and outward movement of the eye. The trochlear nerve decussates or crosses over to the opposite side of the brainstem, which means that the trochlear nerve of the right side innervates the left eye and vice versa. Therefore, CN 4 innervates the contralateral eye.

the middle meningeal A. passes through the meningeal foramen in the sphenoid bone on the lateral wall.

extraconal fat is located between the periorbita and EOMs. An inflammation in this area would result in the eye being pushed out on an angle. inflammation in the intraconal fat(located right behind the eyeball) would make the eye bulge straight out.

Secretory acini are structures found in exocrine glands that are responsible for producing and secreting various substances. These acini are lined by myoepithelial cells, which are specialized contractile cells that help in the expulsion of secretory products from the acini. These myoepithelial cells are surrounded by a layer of simple cuboidal or columnar epithelial cells, which provide structural support and regulate the movement of substances into and out of the acini. Therefore, the correct answer is myoepithelial cells and simple cuboidal/columnar.

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