Contrast Media

A cystography is a medical imaging procedure that involves the use of a contrast agent to visualize the bladder. In order to introduce the contrast agent into the bladder, a urinary catheter is used. The catheter is inserted into the urethra and advanced into the bladder, allowing the contrast agent to be delivered directly into the bladder. This allows for better visualization of the bladder and any abnormalities that may be present. Therefore, the statement "For a cystography, the contrast agent is introduced into the bladder through a urinary catheter" is true.

Barium is the correct answer because it is a positive contrast medium that is commonly administered orally. It is available in various forms such as liquid, pasta, or powder. Barium is often used in medical imaging tests, such as barium swallow or barium enema, to help visualize the gastrointestinal tract and detect any abnormalities or diseases.

The given statement is true. In a normal portogram, the portal vein branches into several hepatic radicals, which then drain into the hepatic vein. The hepatic vein further drains into the vena cava. This is the normal pathway of blood flow in the liver. Therefore, the statement is correct.

Urine samples are collected before cystography because cystography is a medical imaging procedure that involves injecting contrast dye into the bladder. By collecting urine samples beforehand, any potential contamination or interference from the dye can be avoided, ensuring accurate test results. Additionally, urine samples may also provide valuable information about the patient's overall health and help in diagnosing any underlying conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to collect urine samples before performing cystography.

Try, barium and iodine compounds

Barium is the correct answer because it is the contrast agent of choice for upper and lower GI studies. It is preferred because it soothes the gastrointestinal tract, making it easier for patients to tolerate the procedure. Barium is commonly used in radiology to enhance the visibility of the digestive system during X-rays and other imaging tests. It is available in various forms, such as barium sulfate suspensions or barium sulfate tablets, and is considered safe when used under medical supervision.

Excretory Urography is a film sequence that involves a series of surveys conducted immediately post, 5 minutes, 15 minutes, and 20 & 25 minutes post the procedure. This sequence is used to examine the urinary system and evaluate the function of the kidneys and bladder. It involves the injection of a contrast dye into the patient's bloodstream, which is then filtered by the kidneys and excreted in the urine. The surveys at different time intervals allow for the visualization of the dye as it passes through the urinary system, providing valuable information about any abnormalities or blockages.

General anesthesia is contraindicated in GI studies because it slows down GI motility. This means that the movement of food through the digestive system is reduced, which can lead to complications during the procedure. General anesthesia can cause a decrease in muscle tone and function, including the muscles of the digestive system. This can result in delayed gastric emptying and increased risk of aspiration. Therefore, it is important to avoid general anesthesia in GI studies to prevent these potential complications.

Mammalian fetuses have a large shunt called the "ductus venosus" that allows blood to bypass the liver and flow directly to the heart. This shunt is necessary for the fetus because the liver is not fully functional during development. However, after birth, the ductus venosus closes to redirect blood flow through the liver. If the ductus venosus fails to close, it is then referred to as an intrahepatic shunt. Therefore, the statement is true.

Soluble Ionic Radiopaque Media is a type of contrast agent that can be used in medical imaging procedures. It is used to enhance the visibility of certain areas of the body, such as the gastrointestinal tract or urinary system, during diagnostic tests. In cases where there is a suspicion of a perforated bowel or ruptured bladder, the use of soluble ionic radiopaque media can help to identify and locate any leaks or abnormalities. Therefore, it is true that soluble ionic radiopaque media can be used in such cases.

If a person is experiencing symptoms such as excessive mucus, bright red blood in feces, pain during defecation, and frequent diarrhea, it is likely that they are experiencing issues in the lower gastrointestinal (LGI) tract. The LGI study would involve examining the lower part of the digestive system, including the colon and rectum, to identify any abnormalities or conditions that may be causing these symptoms. This study would be the most appropriate choice given the specific symptoms described.

Barium is the correct answer because it is a positive contrast medium that cannot be diluted or absorbed. It is commonly used in medical imaging procedures such as barium swallow or barium enema to visualize the gastrointestinal tract. However, it is contraindicated in patients with GI perforations as it can leak into the abdominal cavity and cause further complications.

They are CONTRAINDICATED

The correct answer is Upper Gastrointestinal Study. This film sequence involves conducting a survey, followed by immediate post-procedure imaging, and then imaging at 15, 30, and 60 minutes post-procedure. This sequence is typically used to evaluate the upper gastrointestinal tract and its function. Excretory Urography, on the other hand, is a different imaging procedure used to visualize the urinary system.

Positive, Negative and Double - Contrast studies done

Er no, its using both negative and positive contrast media. Gives optimal mucosal detail and avoids masking small anomalies.

This study involves the use of a positive contrast agent such as barium sulfate. It is indicated when there are symptoms such as chronic weight loss, obstruction, abnormal bowel movements, unresponsive vomiting, or suspected foreign body. UGI stands for Upper Gastrointestinal, which involves imaging of the upper digestive tract including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. This procedure can help diagnose conditions such as ulcers, tumors, and blockages in the upper digestive system.

LGI - Lower Gastrointestinal Study is also known as Barium Enema. The term "Barium Enema" refers to a medical procedure where a contrast material called barium is used to coat the walls of the lower gastrointestinal tract. This allows for better visualization of the colon and rectum during X-ray imaging, helping to detect abnormalities such as polyps, tumors, or inflammation. Therefore, Barium Enema is the correct alternative name for LGI - Lower Gastrointestinal Study.

Negative contrast media refers to substances that are used in medical imaging to enhance the contrast between different soft tissues. These substances have a lower density than the surrounding tissues, making them appear darker on the images. Negative contrast media are particularly effective in enhancing contrast but may provide less detail of the mucosal lining. Positive contrast media, on the other hand, have a higher density than the surrounding tissues and appear brighter on the images. Therefore, the correct answer is negative contrast media.

Routine radiographs are commonly referred to as survey radiographs. This term is used to describe the standard or regular set of X-rays that are taken to assess a patient's overall dental or skeletal condition. These radiographs are usually taken as part of a routine examination and provide a general overview of the patient's oral or skeletal health. The term "survey" implies that these radiographs are used to survey or evaluate the patient's condition as a whole rather than focusing on a specific area or issue.

Cathartic drugs are substances that speed up the process of defecation. They promote bowel movements and help to relieve constipation. These drugs can stimulate the muscles in the intestines, increase the amount of water in the stool, or soften the stool to make it easier to pass. By accelerating defecation, cathartic drugs help to alleviate the symptoms of constipation and promote regular bowel movements.

Anesthesia is often required for a LGI (lower gastrointestinal) procedure because it involves interventions such as colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, which can be uncomfortable or painful for the patient. Anesthesia helps to ensure that the patient is comfortable and pain-free during the procedure, allowing the medical team to perform the necessary examinations or treatments effectively. Additionally, anesthesia also helps to relax the patient's muscles and prevent them from moving during the procedure, which can be crucial for accurate diagnosis or treatment.

BIPS stands for Barium Impregnated Polyethylene Spheres. This acronym refers to small spheres made of polyethylene that have been impregnated with barium. Barium is a chemical element commonly used in medical imaging procedures, such as X-rays, to enhance the visibility of certain tissues or organs. In this context, the use of barium impregnated polyethylene spheres could potentially be related to medical imaging or diagnostic procedures.

Radiolucent refers to an object or substance that allows the penetration and passage of x-rays. When an object or substance is radiolucent, it appears black on a radiograph because the x-rays are able to pass through it easily. Negative contrast media also refers to substances that are radiolucent and can be used to enhance certain areas of the radiograph by making them appear black. Therefore, both radiolucent and negative contrast media are correct answers for this question.

A portosystemic shunt is a condition where a blood vessel bypasses the liver, causing blood to flow around it instead of through it. The liver plays a crucial role in filtering toxins and waste products from the blood, as well as metabolizing nutrients and medications. When a portosystemic shunt occurs, blood bypasses the liver, leading to a buildup of toxins in the bloodstream. This can result in various symptoms and complications, such as hepatic encephalopathy and impaired liver function. Therefore, the liver is the correct answer as it is the organ that is bypassed in a portosystemic shunt.

Radiopaque substances are used in medical imaging to block radiation, making them appear white on a radiograph. Positive contrast media refers to substances that increase the visibility of structures being imaged. In this case, the radiopaque substance serves as a positive contrast media because it blocks radiation and makes the image appear white on the radiograph.

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Barium paste is recommended for this GI study, indicating that the study involves the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The statement "beware of Aspiration" suggests that there is a risk of the barium paste being aspirated into the lungs, which is a concern during esophagography. The mention of a suspected perforation indicates that the study is being done to investigate a possible perforation, which is also relevant to esophagography. The other options (UGI, LGI, Tracheaography) do not have any specific indications or considerations mentioned in the given information.

The correct answer includes soluble ionic media, soluble nonionic media, metallic compound - barium, and BIPS. These are all types of positive contrast media that can be used in medical imaging. Positive contrast media are substances that are introduced into the body to enhance the visibility of certain structures or organs in imaging studies such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans. Soluble ionic media and soluble nonionic media are types of contrast agents that are commonly used in radiology. Metallic compound - barium is a type of contrast agent used for gastrointestinal imaging. BIPS is a type of contrast agent used for imaging the biliary system.

Skips the Liver.

Soluble Ionic Radiopaque Media does

Phenothiazines are a class of drugs commonly used for sedation because they have minimal gastrointestinal (GI) effects. These drugs are known for their ability to reduce nausea and vomiting, making them ideal for patients who may be prone to these symptoms during sedation. Fentanyl and dexmedetomidine are also used for sedation, but they do not specifically have minimal GI effects. Atropine, on the other hand, is not used for sedation and does not have minimal GI effects.

Collects in the Kidneys

Enemas should be done at least 4 hours in advance during a LGI study. This is necessary to ensure that the colon is adequately cleansed before the procedure. Performing the enema too close to the study may result in incomplete cleansing and compromise the accuracy of the results.

Soapy water enemas should be avoided as the soap can cause irritation to the mucosal lining of the Large Intestine. The soap in the water can have a harsh effect on the delicate lining of the intestine, leading to discomfort and potential damage. It is important to use plain water or other suitable solutions for enemas to ensure the safety and well-being of the individual.

Soluble Ionic is the correct answer because it refers to the type of positive contrast media that is specific for Hypaque and iothalamate. Soluble Ionic contrast media contains ions that can dissolve in water and create a contrast effect in the body, allowing for better visualization of certain structures during medical imaging procedures. This type of contrast media is commonly used in radiology and is specifically suited for Hypaque and iothalamate.

A radiograph of the portal vein after injection of radiopaque contrast material is called portography. This procedure involves the use of contrast material to visualize the portal vein, which carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver. Portography is commonly used to diagnose liver diseases, assess blood flow in the portal vein, and evaluate liver tumors. It provides valuable information about the anatomy and function of the portal vein and surrounding structures.

Soluble Ionic contrast media is the correct answer because it causes mild discomfort or nausea and has a low viscosity for rapid injection. It is also rapidly excreted by the kidneys, has low toxicity, and is chemically stable, meaning no iodine is released in the body.

Myelography is a procedure that involves the injection of a contrast medium into the subarachnoid space of the spine. The contrast medium used in myelography is positive, meaning that it enhances the visibility of the spinal cord and nerves on imaging studies. By injecting the contrast medium into the subarachnoid space, it can help identify any abnormalities or pathology in the spinal cord or nerve roots. Therefore, the correct answer is positive, subarachnoid.

Iodinated contrast medium is not recommended for dehydrated patients because it can further worsen their condition. Dehydration can affect kidney function and impair the body's ability to eliminate the contrast medium, leading to potential complications such as kidney damage or contrast-induced nephropathy. Therefore, it is important to ensure that patients are adequately hydrated before administering iodinated contrast medium to minimize the risk of adverse reactions.

Soluble nonionic radiopaque media is used for intravascular studies and myelographic studies. In intravascular studies, this media helps in visualizing blood vessels and detecting any abnormalities or blockages. In myelographic studies, it is used to outline the spinal cord and nerve roots, aiding in the diagnosis of spinal cord disorders. This type of media is not typically used for venous/arterial studies or excretory urography, which involve different imaging techniques and purposes.

BIPS stands for Barium Intestinal Perfusion Suspension. Barium is a radiopaque media commonly used in medical imaging to diagnose intestinal obstructions and motility disorders. It is administered orally or rectally and helps to visualize the gastrointestinal tract on X-ray or fluoroscopy. This allows healthcare professionals to identify any abnormalities or blockages in the intestines and assess the movement and function of the digestive system. Soluble ionic and soluble nonionic are not specific terms related to radiopaque media used for diagnosing intestinal issues.

Contrast agents are substances used to enhance the visibility of certain tissues or organs in medical imaging. They are typically administered before radiographs or other imaging tests to improve the clarity and accuracy of the images. The contrast agents help evaluate organ function by highlighting specific areas of interest and allowing for better assessment of their functionality. Additionally, they can supplement or confirm information gathered from other diagnostic methods, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the patient's condition. Moreover, contrast agents can differentiate between internal organs and help diagnose structural abnormalities by highlighting any anomalies or abnormalities that may be present.

Excretory urography, also known as intravenous pyelogram, is a diagnostic procedure used to visualize the urinary system. It involves injecting a contrast dye into the bloodstream, which is then filtered by the kidneys and excreted into the urine. X-ray images are taken at various intervals to track the flow of the dye through the kidneys, ureters, and bladder, allowing for the detection of abnormalities such as kidney stones, tumors, or blockages. Intravenous pyelogram is a commonly used term in the medical field to refer to this specific procedure.

Polypoid cystitis is a rare form of cystitis where inflamed nodules of the bladder lining protrude into the lumen, forming polyps. Polyps are abnormal tissue growths that can occur in various parts of the body, including the bladder. In the context of this question, the term "polypoid" refers to the characteristic appearance of the inflamed nodules in polypoid cystitis, while "polyps" describes the actual growths themselves.

If Fasting and Enema not possible, feed Hills a/d or Clinicare.

Omnipaque, Niopam, and Isovue are all examples of soluble nonionic radiopaque medias. These substances are used in medical imaging procedures to enhance the visibility of blood vessels, organs, or other structures in the body. Unlike ionic radiopaque medias, which contain charged particles, nonionic medias do not cause as many adverse reactions and are generally considered safer for patients. Solubility refers to the ability of a substance to dissolve in a liquid, and in this case, these medias are soluble in the bloodstream, allowing for effective imaging.

Soluble Ionic Radiopaque Media is used for Venous/Arterial Studies and Excretory Urography. This type of contrast media is injected into the veins or arteries to enhance the visibility of blood vessels during imaging. It allows for better visualization of the vessels and helps in diagnosing conditions such as blockages or abnormalities. In Excretory Urography, the contrast media is used to visualize the urinary tract and assess the functioning of the kidneys and bladder.

The correct answer is 2-3 hours, 2-3 hours, 2-3hrs. The patient is required to fast for a period of 2-3 hours before undergoing an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Additionally, an enema is performed prior to the procedure.