Distichiasis
Trichiasis
Horner syndrome
Entropian
Tarsal plate
Conjunctiva
Meibomian glands
Zeis and moll glands
Orbicularis oculi muscle
Skin
Tarsal plate
Conjunctiva
Meibomian glands
Zeis and moll glands
Orbicularis oculi muscle
Skin
Abnormality of keratinization
Lack of enzyme tyrosinase
Too much osmolarity of the tear film
None of the above
All of the above
Distichiasis
Trichiasis
Horner syndrome
Entropian
Distichiasis
Trichiasis
Horner syndrome
Entropian
Usually occurs from chronic inflammation
A mucocutaneous disease
Can result from ocular cicatricial pemphigoid and stevens-johnson syndrome
Can result from bell's phenomenom
When normal eyelashes develop and have an abnormal orientation
The pretarsal muscle surrounding the canaculi helps squeeze in the lacrimal drainage system
The preseptal muscle surrounding the canaculi helps squeeze in the lacrimal drainage system
The orbital portion surrounding the canaculi helps squeeze in the lacrimal drainage system
All of the above
Orbicularis oculi
Levator palpebrae superioris
Retractors of the lower lids
Smooth muscle of muller
Chief retractor
Innervated by cranial nerve 3
Equal innervation: R&L yoked
Innervated by cranial nerve 7
Chief closer
True
False
Inferior tarsal
Superior tarsal
Orbicularis oculi
Levator palpebrae superioris
Inserts into the anterior tarsal
Inserts into the posterior tarsal
If disinserts from the tarsal can leads to ptosis
Passes through the orbicularis muscle
Inserts into the epidermis
Minor retractor of the upper eyelid (2 mm of upper lid elevation)
Innervated by the sympathetic nervous system
Main receptor type is alpha 2
Chief retractor of the upper eyelid
Main receptor type is beta 1
Innervated by cranial nerve 3
Claude bernard-horner syndrome
Oculosympathetic palsy
Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid
Stevens-johnson syndrome
It helps determine the functioning of the levator
Can help one differentiate between the types of ptosis
Done by attaching a force transducer to the lashes and measuring the maximum force generated during upgaze
It's done by measuring the amount of displacement of the upper eyelid from down gaze to upgaze after fixing the frontalis muscle at the brow
Done by attaching a force transducer to the lashes and measuring the median force generated during downgaze
Hering's law can be applied to its innervation
Motor neurons arise from the oculomotor complex
Multiple neurons innervate the levator unilaterally
A single neuron innervates the levator muscle bilaterally
LPS relaxes with tarsal muscle stimulation
Palpebral portion: more excitable, rapid blink, relex. spontaneous or basic blink
Orbital portion: less excitable, forced, prolonged closure
Voluntary wink uses palpebral and orbital portion
Orbital portion: more excitable, rapid blink, relex. spontaneous or basic blink
Palpebral portion: less excitable, forced, prolonged closure
Voluntary wink uses only orbital portion
Since it is a slower motion it is 1/2X the orbitals chronaxie
Since it is a faster motion it is 1/2X the orbitals chronaxie
Since it is a slower motion it is 2X the orbitals chronaxie
Since it is a faster motion it is 2X the orbitals chronaxie
True
False
Comes from the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve
It comes from cranial nerve 3
The plexus of nerves is deep to palpebral fibers of the tarsal muscle
The plexus of nerves is deep to palpebral fibers of the orbicularis oculi muscle
Requires deep penetration for anesthesia
True
False
It is a normal protective response
Disappears when there is a lesion above the pons
It is the upward and outward rotation of globe with forced closure, sleep
It is an abnormal response due to a brainstem lesion
Signals are NOT intact in the midbrain or infranuclear pathway in lower motor neuron palsy
Simple: dystrophy of the levator muscle. lid lags on down gaze and higher than normal lid crease
Synkinetic: innervation of the levator muscle by V# known as Marcus Gunn jaw-winking syndrome where eyelid retracts with ipsilateral pterygoid muscle contraction
Aponeurotic: failure of the aponeurosis to insert on the anterior surface of the tarsus and skin crease is high
Myotonic: epicanthus inversus, telecanthus, and amblyopia
Collier's sign: dystrophy of the levator muscle. lid lags on down gaze and higher than normal lid crease
Blepharophimosis: seen with myotonia and progressive muscle weakness and possible cataracts
Idiopathic causes
Drug induced
Keratitis
Parkison's
All of the above